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In this post, we will discuss 3 classic trading strategies and stop placement rules.
1) The first trading strategy is a trend line strategy. The technique implies buying/selling the touch of strong trend lines, expecting a strong bullish/bearish reaction from that.
If you are buying a trend line, you should identify the previous low. Your stop loss should lie strictly below that.
If you are selling a trend line, you should identify the previous high. Your stop loss should lie strictly above that.
2) The second trading strategy is a breakout trading strategy. The technique implies buying/selling the breakout of a structure, expecting a further bullish/bearish continuation.
If you are buying a breakout of resistance, you should identify the previous low. Your stop loss should lie strictly below that.
If you are selling a breakout of support, you should identify the previous high. Your stop loss should lie strictly above that.
3) The third trading strategy is a range trading strategy. The technique implies buying/selling the boundaries of horizontal ranges, expecting a bullish/bearish reaction from them.
If you are buying the support of the range, your stop loss should strictly lie below the lowest point of support.
If you are selling the resistance of the range, your stop loss should strictly lie above the highest point of resistance.
As you can see, these stop-placement techniques are very simple. Following them, you will avoid a lot of stop hunts and manipulations.
What Is a Stop-Loss Order? A stop-loss order is an order placed with a broker to buy or sell a specific stock once the stock reaches a certain price. A stop-loss is designed to limit an investor's loss on a security position. For example, setting a stop-loss order for 10% below the price at which you bought the stock will limit your loss to 10%. Suppose you just purchased Microsoft (MSFT) at $20 per share. Right after buying the stock, you enter a stop-loss order for $18. If the stock falls below $18, your shares will then be sold at the prevailing market price.
Stop-limit orders are similar to stop-loss orders. However, as their name states, there is a limit on the price at which they will execute. There are then two prices specified in a stop-limit order: the stop price, which will convert the order to a sell order, and the limit price. Instead of the order becoming a market order to sell, the sell order becomes a limit order that will only execute at the limit price (or better).
Advantages of the Stop-Loss Order The most important benefit of a stop-loss order is that it costs nothing to implement. Your regular commission is charged only once the stop-loss price has been reached and the stock must be sold. 3
One way to think of a stop-loss order is as a free insurance policy.
Additionally, when it comes to stop-loss orders, you don't have to monitor how a stock is performing daily. This convenience is especially handy when you are on vacation or in a situation that prevents you from watching your stocks for an extended period. 4
Stop-loss orders also help insulate your decision-making from emotional influences. People tend to "fall in love" with stocks. For example, they may maintain the false belief that if they give a stock another chance, it will come around. In actuality, this delay may only cause losses to mount. 5
No matter what type of investor you are, you should be able to easily identify why you own a stock. A value investor's criteria will be different from the criteria of a growth investor, which will be different from the criteria of an active trader. No matter what the strategy is, the strategy will only work if you stick to it. So, if you are a hardcore buy-and-hold investor, your stop-loss orders are next to useless.
At the end of the day, if you are going to be a successful investor, you have to be confident in your strategy. This means carrying through with your plan. The advantage of stop-loss orders is that they can help you stay on track and prevent your judgment from getting clouded with emotion. 2
Finally, it's important to realize that stop-loss orders do not guarantee you'll make money in the stock market; you still have to make intelligent investment decisions. If you don't, you'll lose just as much money as you would without a stop-loss (only at a much slower rate.)
Types of Stop-Loss orders Fixed Stop Loss The fixed stop is a stop loss order triggered when a particular pre-determined price is hit. Fixed stops can also be timed-based and are most commonly used as soon as the trade is placed.
Time-bound fixed stops are useful for investors who want to provide the position with a pre-set amount of time to profit prior to moving on to the next trade.
Only utilize time-based stops when positioned sized properly to permit major adverse swings in share price.
Trailing Stop-Loss Order Trailing order caters to the capital gains protection of an investor, while simultaneously providing a hedge against any unexpected price downturns. It is set as a percentage of the total asset price, and the order to sell is triggered in case market prices fall below the stipulated level. However, in the case of a price rise, the trailing order adjusts automatically in tune with an overall increase in market valuation.
Suppose, in a trailing stop-loss market, an order for execution is set if the price of a security falls below 10% of the market value. Assuming the purchase price is 100 an order to sell the security is executed automatically by an authorised broker if the price falls below 90.
In case the share prices rise to 120, the trailing order stands at 10% of the current market price, which is 108. Hence, if prices consequently start falling after peaking at. 120, a stop-loss order will be executed at 108. It allows an individual to enjoy a capital gain of 8 (108 – 100) on his/her investment corpus.
Stop-Loss Order Vs Market Order While a stop-loss order performs a sale of underlying securities provided the price falls below a prescribed limit, a market order is issued to a broker to conduct trade (both buying and selling) at the prevailing market price. Stop-loss orders are designed to reduce the risk factor, while market orders aim to increase liquidity in the stock market by eradicating the bid-ask spread difference. A market order is the most basic form of trade order placed in a stock market.
Stop-Loss Order and Limit Order Limit orders execute a trade of stipulated securities if the price reaches a pre-set value. While a buy limit order facilitates the purchase of any securities if the price falls below the given limit, a sell limit order is executed if the price rises above the value. Limit orders are designed to maximise the profitability of an investment venture by maximising the bid-ask spread. It is in contrast to stop-loss orders, which are implemented only if the price is equal to the limit stated by investors, as a method of minimising losses in a bear market.
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