"Live" or Whole-Virion Vaccines
Chumakov Federal Research Center for Immunobiological Preparations Research and Development (former Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis Institute)
Whole-Virion or "live" vaccines, on which some virologists and immunologists have the highest hopes. However, they pose a greater threat. It is logical that our internal "policemen" will know the "criminal" most effectively if they have already met him face to face, because bandits can disguise themselves and viruses can mutate. The danger is that the virus (criminal) is alive, albeit severely weakened, and no one knows how your internal policeman will deal with it. Maybe you have weak cops and will not be able to cope even with a weak bandit.
There are several points to note.
First, the situation for vaccines against different viral infections is very individual. For example, after a generally safe live vaccine, there may be complications due to attenuation disorders (weakening of the virus), as happened with Albert Seibin's live polio vaccine.
Thanks to large-scale research organized in the USSR, it was possible to find out that there is no danger if the technology is followed. Today, only one of 2.4 million doses of the live vaccine causes complications, and Seibin's vaccination is used along with inactivated Solk vaccine.
Secondly, although adenoviral platforms for mass production of vaccines are not widely used, in the era of COVID-19 the developers (far not only Russian) addressed them for a reason. Live adenoviral vaccines have been used since 1971, preventing acute adenoviral respiratory diseases in 95% of cases !!! (comparing to 50-60 percent of modern synthetic vaccines) and had practically no side effects. Later on, the adenoviral vectors became carriers of the right genes in gene therapy - safer than retroviral vectors, but relatively stable and well able to penetrate mammalian cells. These vectors are used to deliver the CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing system, targeted therapy for cancer and hereditary diseases caused by single gene dysfunction. So now, when adenoviral vectors began to be actively studied as a platform for coronavirus vaccines, they already had a rich history and evidence base.
The main problem for Russians with "live" vaccine today is that this Chumakov Federal Research Center for Immunobiological Preparations Research and Development was nearly destroyed during last decades and had a lack of finances. Only today seems Russians understand and start recently the financing of this institute. Financing was restored, but there are no qualified personnel left for a long time. All major scientists of this institute died long ago. This is the main threat from my point of view for a quick Whole-Virion vaccine from Russia.