Developed in the 1930s by Ralph Nelson Elliott, Elliott Wave Theory proposes that markets unfold in a series of five-wave impulses followed by three-wave corrections. These "waves" represent the collective emotions of investors, shifting from optimism and bullishness (impulsive waves) to fear and bearishness (corrective waves).
The Anatomy of a Wave:
Impulse Waves (1, 3, 5): These are the driving force of the market, pushing prices higher or lower in a sustained trend. They are characterized by strong momentum, increasing volume, and clear directional movement.
Wave 1: The timid start, characterized by low volume and often met with skepticism.
Wave 3: The powerhouse, boasting the highest volume and strongest price surge, often exceeding the gains of the previous two waves combined.
Wave 5: The final push, often fueled by euphoria but experiencing declining volume as the trend nears exhaustion.
Corrective Waves (2, 4): These counter-trend movements retrace a portion of the previous impulse wave's gains. They are characterized by lower volume, consolidation, and indecision.
Wave 2: A pullback following Wave 1, often testing support levels but not exceeding the Wave 1 high.
Wave 4: Another correction, often deeper and more complex than Wave 2, but not violating the low of Wave 2.
Fractal Magic: The beauty of Elliott Wave Theory lies in its fractal nature. Each wave, whether impulsive or corrective, can be further subdivided into smaller waves that follow the same five-wave or three-wave pattern. This allows traders to apply the theory to different timeframes, from short-term day trading to long-term investment strategies.
Volume as a Guide: While identifying wave patterns is key, volume confirmation adds another layer of insight. Remember that Wave 3, the engine of the trend, should experience the highest volume as bullish sentiment peaks. Conversely, Wave 5, the final leg, should see declining volume as the trend loses steam and investors become cautious. This volume divergence can serve as an early warning sign of a potential trend revers