DXY MELTDOWNThe enduring downward trajectory of the USD appears poised to persist in the coming years and even decades. With a staggering $33 trillion debt load that seems insurmountable, coupled with dwindling confidence from international partners who are divesting from the USD, the currency faces significant headwinds. The inevitable repatriation of these dollars to the Federal Reserve, the United States' central bank, exacerbates the downward pressure.
Forecasts indicate that the DXY, reflective of this trend, is likely to dip below $100 and remain there for an extended period. Our analysis underscores this outlook not only for the DXY but also for the USD's performance against other major currencies and assets.
Assets
Gold XAUUSD Bullish IdeaPrice is Already Trading Bullish on HTF.
On M15, CHoCH is Developing which will end Short Term Pull Back and Price will Resume Bullish.
Keep an Eye on M15 and M5 Structure Development.
Risk Disclaimer:
Forex is only Suitable for those People Who Understand the Financial and other Risks involved. Please Ensure You fully Understand the Risks and Carefully Consider your Financial Situation.
LANDSHARE HAS THE STRONGEST AND THE BEST POTENTIAL.This is my technical analysis for this great project called LANDSHARE where a real asset are tokenized specifically real estate.
The project offers an investment into the real estate " TOKENIZED ASSET " for only 50$ .
This project has a great potential to reach 600$ based on the technical analysis and on the other hand the fundamental analysis say it has the potential to reach 1000$ .
Also the crypto space may get involved in the real estate businesses where LANDSHARE will be the face of it.
The team behind LANDSHARE project are doing amazing things to improve the project and developing it in the right way.
Not financial advice.
How can traders make money on the asset tokenization trend?Asset tokenization is one of the most understandable applications for crypto technology. Various consulting and analytical companies estimate that the capitalization of tokenized assets will be around $3-4 billion by 2030.
Tokenized assets have no value and have no use without products that utilize these assets to create financial relationships and opportunities. Products that use tokenized assets in their operations are called Real World Assets (RWA). The essence of RWAs is to create a method for tokenization and a financial mechanism within the product that all participants will get value from.
How to make money?
Every RWA product has or will have its own native token. The project token will be the easiest way to earn. In fact, any trader knows how to trade tokens, so we will not give any recommendations, you already know everything very well.
We will highlight the most interesting projects, where tokens can give the most profit, so you don't have to spend much time searching and researching.
Top RWA narrative projects with a token
1. $CPOOl – loans to institutions
2. $GFI – RealFi lending protocol
3. $MPL – corporate lending protocol
4. $RBN – market maker lending
5. $TRU – lending protocol
6. $ONDO – U.S. Treasury bond trading
Top RWA narrative projects without a token
1. Backed Finance – derivative tokens of real world assets (S&P500, T-bills, TSLA, AAPL, etc.)
2. Carapace Finance – marketplace for crypto loan default risks
3. Florence Finance – European SME lending protocol
4. HomeCoin – mortgage secured lending
5. Jia – small and medium business lending in Africa and Asia
6. LandX – lending to farmers in exchange for a portion of their future harvest
7. Parcl – real estate trading around the world
8. Sapling – lending to banks in developing countries
What can you do now?
Add tokenized projects to the watchlist on TradingView and keep an eye out for trading opportunities
Keep up with news and changes in RWA and tokenization
Look for promising new projects
Read our idea about ZK Narrative
Check links below and start trading with us
Thanks for reading! Waiting for your comments about RWA projects
The Best Time to Buy an AssetThe passing of time often creates one of two things. It can create Wealth or it can create Regret.
For instance…
Many people will say, I wish I bought real estate, crypto, stocks, etc. at certain times…then I’d be rich. We are all pretty good at looking backward and saying, “What if?”.
With Investing, the two most common reasons people miss opportunities are because they aren’t paying attention or aren’t prepared…and usually, it’s both. The best thing to do is:
📌 Get Educated with proper knowledge
📌 Analyze different factors and Research on them
📌 Create a plan/strategy and start working on it
GDP is Bad and You Should Feel BadThe GDP number of 2.7% growth is being propped up by net exports, while consumption is at a cycle low. This is horrible for earnings expectations and risk assets. Net exports were at a low in prior quarters, making the economy look worse off than it was. Now the economy is actually worse off than it is and the metric is instead making it look better. This is why the NBER doesn't use "two quarters of negative GDP" to date recessions. There are too many false signals.
Don't fall for the GDP meme. The pain is coming.
Silver & Gold. Long? Short?Remain neutral/bearish on gold & silver until the US10Y, DXY, & Fed Funds Rates tops.
This is the first time since the de-pegging of USD/Gold (in 1975) that interest rates & the USD have been rising.
This creates an extremely tough environment for gold & silver to significantly rally being under pressure from high dollar & rising interest rates.
Despite strong headwinds, there are many tailwinds as well that will lead many commodities prices higher such as, the clean transition, & the dollar (usd) devaluing.
Chart:
FED FUNDS Rate = Blue Line
‘Max Pain’ Bitcoin Faces $9,100Since the asset has maintained its position of over $18,000, it has fallen by more than 6% over the last week. When Bitcoin reached a peak of $20,071 on Sunday, the bears firmly rejected the recent gain.
The Federal Reserve's aggressive rate hike campaign worsened the previous decline. Since then, BTC has fallen precipitously, but it is still firmly above the $18.5k support level. At the time of reporting, the asset's price was $18,719, a decrease of 5.25% from the previous week.
A well-known Bitcoin analyst believes that Bitcoin (BTC) has not yet touched the bottom because he predicts a drop to $9,100.
BTC BEARISH UPDATE TODAYThe bearish mood is perhaps understandable — the Ethereum Merge became a “sell the news” event, and along with macro triggers contributed to a fresh risk asset flight.
Now, analysts are considering the chances of the downtrend staying in place at least until the Fed rate announcement passes.
“BTC has chopped through the weekend, but there's always the potential for some volatility before the close The past week has seen tailwinds stack up for Bitcoin, leading to BTC price action falling in kind.
BTC/USD lost over $2,000 in a single weekly candle, closing below $20,000 in what is the lowest such close since July, data from MY Youtube channel and trading view shows.
Following the lowest weekly closing since July, Bitcoin (BTC) is facing yet another week of "big" macro announcements.
Following days of losses in the wake of the most recent inflation data from the United States, BTC/USD has failed to recover, much like other altcoins and risk assets more broadly.
The biggest cryptocurrency has yet to convert $20,000 to a solid support, and as the third week of September gets underway, there's a risk that it might do so once more.
LIKE COMMENT AND SHARE FOR MORE, GOOD LUCK.
JPMorgan bullish scenario:The technical figure Channel Down can be found in the daily chart in the US company JPMorgan Chase & Co. (JPM). JPMorgan Chase & Co. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services holding company. As of 2022, JPMorgan Chase is the largest bank in the United States, the world's largest bank by market capitalization, and the fifth largest bank in the world in terms of total assets, with total assets of US$3.954 trillion. Additionally, JPMorgan Chase is ranked 24th on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. The Channel Down has broken through the resistance line on 13/08/2022, if the price holds above this level, you can have a possible bullish price movement with a forecast for the next 31 days towards 131.18 USD. Your stop-loss order, according to experts, should be placed at 106.09 USD if you decide to enter this position.
JPMorgan has wrapped up the acquisition of Global Shares, a fintech firm. The financial terms of the transaction, announced this March, haven’t been disclosed.
Ireland-based Global Shares, through its cloud-based platform, helps businesses manage employee stock plans. The firm, through its offices across Europe, the Middle East & Africa, North America and the Asia Pacific, has 650 corporate clients and roughly $200 billion in assets under administration.
Global Shares will be integrated into JPMorgan’s Asset & Wealth Management (AWM) segment. The firm will continue to be based out of its current location.
Now, with the addition of Global Shares, JPM will become of the major providers of state-of-the-art “employee ownership solutions to private and public companies” across the globe.
Risk Disclosure: Trading Foreign Exchange (Forex) and Contracts of Difference (CFD's) carries a high level of risk. By registering and signing up, any client affirms their understanding of their own personal accountability for all transactions performed within their account and recognizes the risks associated with trading on such markets and on such sites. Furthermore, one understands that the company carries zero influence over transactions, markets, and trading signals, therefore, cannot be held liable nor guarantee any profits or losses.
US2Y Treasury Yield vs Gold The correlation between the 2Y & gold indicates that when the US2Y peaks, there is a US recession & gold rallies to new highs subsequently after.
** 1 = Peak in US2Y ( 1989 ) did not see a rally in gold because gold was depegged from the USD in the mid 1970's.
2 = Peak in US2Y ( 2000 ) saw a massive rally in gold as investors look for a safe haven from the incoming recession.
3 = Peak in US2Y ( 2007 ) saw a massive rally in gold as investors look for a safe haven from the incoming recession.
4 = Peak in US2Y ( 2020 ) saw a massive rally in gold as investors look for a safe haven from the incoming recession.
Speculation
5? = Do we see a continuation of the opposite correlation between the US2Y & Gold when the US2Y peaks?
I believe so. However, I see two scenarios for gold if & when the US2Y peaks.
Scenario #1: Gold rallies to new highs after the peak in yields
Scenario #2 ( Base Case ): After peak in US2Y, Gold rallies to tests previous high & fails to make new highs.
BTC + SPX Trade IdeaThis is a medium term swing/position trade that has a pretty good chance to play out. Check out this fib idea below which underscores the idea. Obviously, don't panic buy unless you like riskier trades. Ease into your entry! June thru October looks like a decent entry if nothing too crazy happens, but a surprise via some global disaster could RUIN this trade. Sellers are willing to accept lower prices for this past year, that's basically what the log returns is telling us as it's below 0. In other words, risk has not paid off in a while on this scale. Risk-averse HAS paid off. This is a contrarian trade. The crowd is now ultra bearish and this presents an opportunity of price discovery. Wait for them to come to you, don't panic and go to them.
The wholesale price range is defined by the region of prices where most trades were made AND the result of those trades is highly random. The bottom and tops of this wholesale zone represent the golden ratio 0.618. Remember, the absolute value of the inverse of 0.618 is 0.382. Both of these fib levels are identical, one level represents sells and the other represents buys. In other words, we don't define where 0 or 1 is. We draw the golden ratio area of the fib box around the wholesale range, then we get the definition of 0 and 1.
Be aware though, that if you do this same analysis but with Log Returns on a 2 Year timeframe instead of 1 Year, we could still be in a distribution zone. Don't put all your apples in this basket. Be diligent about your position:
This gives us quite a startling conclusion. The rally of Dec 2018 was simply a bear market rally on a 2 Year scale. We could be in the very SAME situation now. Lower highs on the indicator, then lower lows. So even though it LOOKS like a decent buy on the 1 Year timeframe, we should NOT assume it's going to the moon if the price reaches our target (red crosshair) unless there is some drastic shift in monetary/fiscal policy which would cause a new cycle to suddenly appear.
What do you think about all this craziness?
I hope you liked the idea, and good luck. Don't forget to hedge your bets! :)
Easy chart to explain Asset pricesJust a combination of a couple old charts, but I wanted to make clear why assets are rising post 2008. There seems to be a direct correlation and causal relationship in FED ownership of assets as a percentage of M2 and asset prices when adjusted for M2. Lots of other charts seem to imply this by charting other things but this one shows the actual thing side by side. Perhaps the identical slope of the trend is coincidental even though the relationship is direct, it is awfully interesting though. Interpret it as you wish.
In teal: M2 adjusted SPX adjusted to overlay the symbol below.
In yellow: WALCL as a percentage of M2.
Good luck and don't forget to hedge your bets :)
Bags $4M FundItheum announced investments from Elrond, Mechanism Capital, and other crucial investors; raising their funds from $11.5M to $14M. The initial $11.5M came from an earlier round funded by Morningstar Ventures, incubating Itheum via their Elrond Dubai Incubator.
The additional investments included Elrond Foundation, Mechanism Capital, Woodstock, Ascensive Assets, Skynet EGLD Capital, MHC Digital Finance, ZBS Capital, and Spark Digital Finance.
Itheum’s Founder Mark Paul commented on the recent eventful months of Itheum.
SAK Assets DAY 2The project is a Reverse Engineering of the indicators that most of ETF systems use, including the world's largest investment fund "BlackRock" which controls 8 Trillions dollars.
What if you can make 10% of your capital every day ?
👉 After 90 days/operations the 1000 dollars can reach 4,8 Million dollars :)
SAK Assets DAY1What if you can make 10% of your capital every day ?
After 90 days/operations the 1000 dollars can reach 4,8 Million dollars :)
Balance
Day1 $1 000
Day2 $1 100
Day3 $1 210
Day4 $1 331
Day5 $1 464
Day6 $1 611
Day7 $1 772
Day8 $1 949
Day9 $2 144
Day10 $2 358
Day11 $2 594
Day12 $2 853
Day13 $3 138
Day14 $3 452
Day15 $3 797
Day16 $4 177
Day17 $4 595
Day18 $5 054
Day19 $5 560
Day20 $6 116
Day21 $6 727
Day22 $7 400
Day23 $8 140
Day24 $8 954
Day25 $9 850
Day26 $10 835
Day27 $11 918
Day28 $13 110
Day29 $14 421
Day30 $15 863
Day31 $17 449
Day32 $19 194
Day33 $21 114
Day34 $23 225
Day35 $25 548
Day36 $28 102
Day37 $30 913
Day38 $34 004
Day39 $37 404
Day40 $41 145
Day41 $45 259
Day42 $49 785
Day43 $54 764
Day44 $60 240
Day45 $66 264
Day46 $72 890
Day47 $80 180
Day48 $88 197
Day49 $97 017
Day50 $106 719
Day51 $117 391
Day52 $129 130
Day53 $142 043
Day54 $156 247
Day55 $171 872
Day56 $189 059
Day57 $207 965
Day58 $228 762
Day59 $251 638
Day60 $276 801
Day61 $304 482
Day62 $334 930
Day63 $368 423
Day64 $405 265
Day65 $445 792
Day66 $490 371
Day67 $539 408
Day68 $593 349
Day69 $652 683
Day70 $717 952
Day71 $789 747
Day72 $868 722
Day73 $955 594
Day74 $1 051 153
Day75 $1 156 269
Day76 $1 271 895
Day77 $1 399 085
Day78 $1 538 993
Day79 $1 692 893
Day80 $1 862 182
Day81 $2 048 400
Day82 $2 253 240
Day83 $2 478 564
Day84 $2 726 421
Day85 $2 999 063
Day86 $3 298 969
Day87 $3 628 866
Day88 $3 991 753
Day89 $4 390 928
Day90 $4 830 021
THINK BIG ;)
Terra, Avalanche and Osmosis lead the L1 recovery while Bitcoin LUNA, AVAX and OSMO have outperformed most altcoins, hinting that a DeFi revival could be in store.
The layer-one (L1) ecosystem has received increased attention in recent months as users search for new investment opportunities in the Cosmos (ATOM), Fantom (FTM) and NEAR.
Following January's market sell-off, where Bitcoin (BTC) price dropped to bottom below $34,000, much of the L1 field has struggled to regain its momentum.
According to data from Delphi Digital, since the BTC bottom on Jan. 24, the only L1 to experience a notable gain in price include Terra (LUNA), Avalanche (AVAX) and Ethereum (ETH).
Terra ecosystem growth
The price growth seen in LUNA was in large part due to the announcement from the Luna Foundation Guard that it had raised $1 billion to form a Bitcoin reserve for the ecosystem’s Terra USD (UST) stablecoin.
Terra also saw the launch of its second lockdrop event and the Mars Protocol helped drive demand for LUNA token.
The $1 billion in reserves for UST was also a boon for Anchor Protocol (ANC), the Terra-based platform that is the main avenue for minting UST through pledging LUNA or Ether. Anchor also got an added boost to its price after announcing that developers are in the process of integrating AVAX as a collateral option for creating UST.
Data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView shows that since hitting a low of $1.18 on Jan. 28, the price of ANC has catapulted 268% to hit a daily high at $4.35 on March 2 where it was halted at a major resistance level.
Aside from its integration with Anchor, Avalanche has had several notable developments that have helped drive its growth since late January, including an integration with Wirex and the announcement that DeFi Kingdoms will launch on the Avalanche network.
According to Delphi Digital, based on its recent price performance, “AVAX seems to move with a higher correlation to BTC relative to other L1s.”
Related: Which layer-one protocols will outperform in 2022? | Tune in now to The Market Report
Osmosis and the Cosmos ecosystem
Data from Delphi Digital shows that Osmosis, a decentralized exchange in the Cosmos ecosystem, has “outperformed other major peers over the last few months by a substantial margin.”
The strength shown by OSMO is in part due to the success of Cosmos, which had a strong close to 2021 as its “thesis of interoperable app-chains has finally started to come to fruition in recent months.
Osmosis is now the largest decentralized exchange in the Cosmos ecosystem and supports 37 separate IBC chains with $1.75 billion in total value locked according to data from Defi Llama.
Osmosis also got a boost to its price and trading volume following the release of interchain and superfluid staking on March 1, which allows liquidity providers (LP) on the Osmosis DEX to also earn staking rewards for the assets they have provided liquidity for, making this the first time users can do both staking and LP at the same time.
Impermanent loss challenges the claim DEFI Investors are often lured to DeFi by the four-digit APYs on offer, but in many instances, impermanent loss actually siphons away any potential profits investors might have accrued.
Impermanent loss is one of the most recognized risks that investors have to contend with when providing liquidity to an automated market maker (AMM) in the decentralized finance (DeFi) sector. Although it is not an actual loss incurred from the liquidity provider’s (LP) position — rather an opportunity cost that occurs when compared with simply buying and holding the same assets — the possibility of getting less value back at withdrawal is enough to keep many investors away from DeFi.
Impermanent loss is driven by the volatility between the two assets in the equal-ratio pool — the more one asset moves up or down relative to the other asset, the more impermanent loss is incurred. Providing liquidity to stablecoins, or simply avoiding volatile asset pairs, is an easy way to reduce impermanent loss. However, the yields from these strategies might not be as attractive.
So, the question is: Are there ways to participate in a high-yield LP pool and at the same time reduce as much impermanent loss as possible?
Fortunately for retail investors, the answer is yes, as new innovations continue to solve the existing problems in the DeFi world, providing many ways for traders to avoid impermanent loss.
Uneven liquidity pools help reduce impermanent loss
When talking about impermanent loss, people often refer to the traditional 50%/50% equal-ratio two-asset pool — i.e., investors have to provide liquidity to two assets at the same value. As DeFi protocols evolve, uneven liquidity pools have come into the picture to help reduce impermanent loss.
As shown in the graph below, the downside magnitude from an equal-ratio pool is much larger than an uneven pool. Given the same relative price change — e.g., Ether (ETH) increases or decreases by 10% relative to USD Coin (USDC) — the more uneven the ratio of the two assets, the less the impermanent loss.
DeFi protocols such as Balancer have made uneven liquidity pools available since as early as the beginning of 2021. Investors can explore a variety of uneven pools to seek out the best option.
Multi-asset liquidity pools are a step forward
In addition to uneven liquidity pools, multi-asset liquidity pools can also help reduce impermanent loss. By simply adding more assets to the pool, the diversification effects come into play. For example, given the same price movement in Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC), the USDC-WBTC-USDT equal-ratio tri-pool has a lower impermanent loss than the USDC-WBTC equal-ratio pool, as shown below.
Similar to the two-asset liquidity pool, the more correlated the assets are in the multi-asset pool, the more the impermanent loss, and vice versa. The 3D graphs below display the impermanent loss in a tri-pool given different levels of the price change of Token 1 and Token 2 relative to the stablecoin, assuming one stablecoin is in the pool.
When the relative price change of Token 1 to the stablecoin (294%) is very close to the relative price change of Token 2 (291%), the impermanent loss is also low (-4%).
When the relative price change of Token 1 to stablecoin (483%) is very different and far away from the relative price change of Token 2 to stablecoin (8%), the impermanent loss becomes noticeably larger (-50%).
Single-sided liquidity pools are the best option
Although the uneven liquidity pool and multi-asset pool both help reduce impermanent loss from the LP position, they do not eliminate it completely. If investors do not want to worry about impermanent loss at all, there are also other DeFi protocols that allow investors to provide only one side of the liquidity through a single-sided liquidity pool.
One might wonder where the risk of impermanent loss is transferred if investors do not bear the risk. One solution provided by Tokemak is to use the protocol’s native token, TOKE, to absorb this risk. Investors only need to supply liquidity such as Ether to one side, and TOKE holders will provide TOKE on the other side to pair up with Ether to create the ETH-TOKE pool. Any impermanent loss caused by the price movements in Ether relative to TOKE will be absorbed by the TOKE holder. In return, TOKE holders take all swap fees from the LP pool.
Since TOKE holders also have the power to vote for the next five pools the liquidity will be directed to, they also get bribed by protocols who want them to vote for their liquidity pools. In the end, TOKE holders bear the impermanent loss from the pool and are compensated by the swap fees and bribe rewards in TOKE.
Another solution is to separate risks into different tranches so that risk-averse investors are protected from impermanent loss and that risk-seeking investors who bear the risk will be compensated with a high-yield product. Protocols such as Ondo offer a senior fixed tranche where impermanent loss is mitigated and a variable tranche where impermanent loss is absorbed but higher yields are offered.
Automated LP manager can reduce investors’ headaches
If all of the above seems too complicated, investors can still stick to the most common 50%/50% equal-ratio pool and use an automated LP manager to actively manage and dynamically rebalance the LP position. This is especially useful in Uniswap v3, where investors need to specify a range to which they want to provide concentrated liquidity.
Automated LP managers conduct rebalancing strategies to help investors maximize LP fees and minimize impermanent loss by charging a management fee. There are two main strategies: passive rebalancing and active rebalancing. The difference is that the active rebalancing method swaps tokens to achieve the amount required at the time of rebalancing, whereas passive rebalancing does not and only swaps gradually when the pre-set price of the token is hit (similar to a limit order).
In a volatile market where prices are constantly moving sideways, a passive rebalancing strategy works well because it doesn’t need to rebalance frequently and pay large amounts of swap fees. But in a trending market where price continues to move in one direction, active rebalancing works better because the passive rebalancing strategy could miss the boat and sit outside the LP range for a long time and fail to collect any LP fees.
To choose the right automated LP manager, investors need to find the one that suits their risk appetite. There are passive rebalancing strategies such as Charm Finance that aim to earn a stable return by using a wide LP range to reduce impermanent loss. There are also passive managers such as Visor Finance that use a very narrow LP range to earn high LP fees, but are also exposed to more potential impermanent loss. Investors need to select automated LP managers based on not only their risk appetite but also their long-term investment goals.
Although traditional equal-ratio LP profits could be eroded by impermanent loss when the underlying tokens move in very different directions, there are alternative products and strategies available for investors to reduce or completely avoid impermanent loss. Investors just need to find the right trade-off between risk and return to find the best-suited LP strategy.
What is the Algorand blockchain.Algorand's PPoS consensus algorithm distinguishes it from other blockchain networks that help solve blockchain trilemma.
What is Algorand?
Algorand is a blockchain network created in 2017 by Silvio Micali, an MIT professor who won the Turing Award for his work in cryptography. Algorand is a decentralized permissionless blockchain protocol that anyone can use to develop applications and transfer value. The Algorand protocol is powered by a novel consensus algorithm that enables fast, secure and scalable transactions.
Algorand addresses the common issues that most older blockchains have, specifically concerning scalability and consensus. The blockchain uses Pure proof-of-stake (PPoS), a consensus protocol that selects validators at random according to the weight of their stake in ALGO coins.
What is Algorand trying to solve?
The Algorand protocol is designed to solve three of the biggest problems most blockchains face: security, scalability and decentralization. Dubbed as the “blockchain trilemma,” the Algorand network claims to address the following three major issues.
Security
The Algorand protocol is secure against malicious attacks, making it ideal for transacting, holding high-value assets and building secure enterprise applications. It maintains security on both network and consensus protocol levels and protects individual users’ accounts.
Scalability
The Algorand protocol can handle a large number of transactions per second, making it a more scalable solution than Bitcoin or Ethereum. Algorand’s consensus protocol does away with the need for computational power used in Bitcoin to solve cryptographic problems.
Instead, the protocol’s computation cost per user is only used to generate and verify signatures, as well as operations requiring simple counting. According to Algorand, it can “scale to millions of users and sustain a high transaction rate without incurring significant cost to participating users.”
Decentralization
Algorand is entirely decentralized with no central authority or singular locus of control. Transactions are verified by participating nodes in the network and each node has an equal say in decision-making. This makes Algorand a very decentralized system.
Everyone on the network also has a chance of being part of the committee of users that approve each block because the selection is both random and confidential. There is no fixed committee and its nodes are run by people from all over the world.
How does Algorand work?
What sets Algorand apart from other blockchains is its use of PPoS, a consensus algorithm that employs a Byzantine agreement protocol. Should a node be compromised, staked the native token ALGO owned by participants in the network would automatically be protected with unique keys.
Bitcoin’s consensus mechanism, proof-of-work (PoW), requires large amounts of energy and computing power to create and validate new blocks. PPoS, on the other hand, allows the creation and validation of new blocks in a faster and more efficient manner. This is done by randomly selecting ALGO holders to validate and approve each block in the chain. A new group, or committee, is selected for each new block.
Through the PPoS protocol, only users with large holdings of ALGO can theoretically engage in malicious activities that could potentially compromise other users’ security. However, since the system is based on codependency among participants, malicious activities would also result in a deterioration of their ALGO. Hence, such malicious activity would not be rewarding for any majority holder.
Algorand can process 1,000 transactions per second and all transactions will be final and instantaneous. Algorand also has a fixed supply of 10 billion tokens to add an inflation-resistant mechanism to the network. The majority of these tokens are currently locked up and have yet to be distributed.
Algorand protocol structure
The Algorand protocol is built on three fundamental concepts:
Transactions: Transactions are the basic unit of account in the Algorand network. They are used to transfer value and are verified by all participating nodes in the network.
Blocks: Blocks are groups of transactions collected into a single unit and verified by the consensus algorithm.
Consensus: The consensus algorithm is responsible for verifying blocks and ensuring that they meet the requirements of the Algorand protocol. It also rewards users who participate in its operation.
Algorand staking mechanism: Pure proof-of-stake
Under Algorand’s PPoS approach, the influence held by a user on the choice of a new block is proportional to the number of tokens they have in the system, also called their stake. Each user has a chance to be chosen with the weight of their proposals and votes being directly related to their stake.
Users are selected randomly and secretly for the purpose of proposing blocks and voting on such block proposals. Through this approach, the network’s security is tied to the honesty of the majority of the users in its economy. As long as most of the money is in honest hands, the system will remain secure.
This approach is in opposition to other consensus mechanisms like PoW, DPoS or BPoS wherein small groups within the economy are responsible for the whole system’s security. By principle, a small fraction of users can prevent other users from transacting with these approaches.
Algorand’s approach makes it virtually impossible for holders with smaller stakes in the system to harm the whole network. Meanwhile, majority holders would also not dare to act maliciously, as such actions will result in the devaluation of their own assets and a reduction in the currency’s purchasing power.
Algorand block production under PPoS
New blocks are constructed in two phases under Algorand’s PPoS mechanism. During the first phase, a single token is selected at random. The owner of this token is the user in charge of proposing the next block.
During the second phase, 1000 tokens are selected randomly out of all the tokens in the system. The owners of these tokens make up the phase-2 committee, and they are in charge of approving the block proposed by the user in phase 1.
Related: What is cryptocurrency? A beginner’s guide to digital currency
It is possible for a committee member to be chosen more than once. This also means that a member will have more than one vote in the committee when approving the next block.
The second phase in Algorand’s block production process was put in place to combat any percentage of bad actors. By choosing 1000 tokens at random, the malicious intentions of these bad actors will be trumped by the majority and act in accordance with the rules for the welfare of the network.
Algorand’s native cryptocurrency: ALGO
The native currency of the Algorand network is called ALGO. ALGO tokens are used to pay for transaction fees and reward users who participate in the network's consensus process.
Transactions with ALGO happen in less than four seconds, regardless of how many transactions you do in a day. Transaction fees are also minimal. Unlike Ethereum, which is notorious for high gas fees, Algo transactions cost very little.
How can I buy ALGO cryptocurrency?
There are several methods for purchasing ALGO. You may buy it directly from another individual in person or over the internet, as you would with any other cryptocurrency.
Alternatively, you may look for a crypto ATM near you that offers ALGO. However, crypto ATM rates can be prohibitive, and there’s no assurance that you’ll be able to locate a counterpart willing to make the trade.
The easiest way to buy ALGO is on a cryptocurrency exchange. Some popular exchanges that offer ALGO include Binance, Kraken and Coinbase. You can buy ALGO with a credit or debit card on these exchanges.
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Making the Metaverse the key to a better future instead of a dysThe digitization of humanity via AI and the metaverse is already inevitable, but will it lead us to a decentralized, better world or to a dystopian nightmare?
Will the Metaverse(s) change humanity as we know it? Will the Metaverse(s) be the ultimate augmentation of human perception? Will it become an agora for our dreams (and, of course, nightmares), able to transform human perception entirely? Has it already started?
To start with the latter question: Yes, the groundwork has already been laid. Sensors from our smartphones, social media, digital devices, and the digital data-driven companies that top the Fortune 500 comprise the new cathedrals, religions and tribal spaces for humanity. These technologies and the onset of the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution, or 4IR, and the AI-driven Society 5.0 have seen more change in humanity in the last 50 years than in the previous 30,000 combined. And this is just the beginning!
In 1974, in a thought experiment, philosopher Robert Nozick visualized a hypothetical machine capable of providing every pleasure and experience imaginable. Nozick asked a provocative question: If given a choice, would we choose the machine over reality? Nozick concluded that we probably wouldn’t choose the machine, arguing it is better to experience the highs and lows of this physical world than to experience the artificial, never-ending high of the simulated.
But a lot can change in 50 years. In 1990, 16 years after Nozick and a year after Tim Berners-Lee first conceptualized the World Wide Web, Steve Jobs famlously called the personal computer the “bicycle for the mind,” and we were off to the artificial races.
Recoding the human need for stories
What would we choose now if presented with a choice between the real, physical finite and the virtual, digital infinite powered by AI? The answer is that we have already chosen. We are all now digital magicians, scientists and subjects in the great ongoing virtual social experiment, interacting and stimulating each other’s brains and bodies with multiple experiences and feelings that are completely indistinguishable from experiences in the “real” physical world. This is happening across Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, rypto-empowering NFTs, Fortnite, Second Life, Decentraland and countless other online and social media platforms. The Metaverse (or metaverses) merely represent the ultimate augmented form of dreaming and the decision that has already been made. As our technologies develop so fast, we are indeed moving toward the digitization of humanity, thanks to AI and the invention of the metaverse — the future looks more like the one in Ernest Cline's Ready Player One, where the digitized reality is enabling us to experience almost everything!
Related: Sci-fi or blockchain reality? The ‘Ready Player One’ OASIS can be built
While the Metaverse represents the culmination of the last 50 years of technology, it will also invite new and wholly unique ways of thinking and dreaming about humanity's obsession with bigger and bigger stories. That will include new ways of interacting, communicating, and storytelling, marking a new chapter in our social-economic centralized and decentralized 4IR, Web3, Society 5.0 cultural history.
Stories have sustained human culture and civilization for several millennia. They teach us to speak, read, write, assimilate civil codes, create Magna Cartas and forge our identities. Through them, we learn about language and psychology, belonging, ownership and the sense of right and wrong. They define the narrative of our lives and our communities, and, by extension, of our circular socio-economic models, financial codes and ethics. Like the verses of Homer or Milton, the Metaverse of today will go down in history as a force that shaped the course of civilization, and an island in the archipelago of the complex human history of epics, comedies and tragedies together with inventions of fire, the wheel, computers, internet and now the Metaverse!
Related: The metaverse will bring a further erosion of privacy
Just as we have started implementing aspects of the “real world” in the Metaverse, from virtual landmarks to cities’ digital twins, we can also be sure that our experiences will bridge the real and the virtual in the Metaverse, which will reshape our narratives in the physical world, not unlike the way the internet and social media changed not just how we gather information, but also how we perceive that information and fit it into our personal narratives. However, the Metaverse additionally offers us a new chance to reshape those narratives, new ways of dreaming (and having nightmares), augmenting the possibilities and remediating the downsides of the internet’s current model.
AI dreaming or a dystopian Pandora Box?
The first movers in the Metaverse revolution are and will undoubtedly continue to be the ones that bridge physical and virtual experiences: from creating new cities and new properties, to travel and art, to general experiences, all of which continue expanding and augmenting our society with brand new social media and gaming experiences. At the moment, this is happening on platforms that have significantly large user bases, creator marketplaces, experiences with live digital events, and cutting-edge hardware, and it’s these platforms that are building the basis of this new medium. Web3, AI, blockchain and other decentralized technologies will provide a check on these companies and people behind these platforms that were not present in the earliest days of the internet, ensuring similar mistakes are not made as this foundation is being put in place.
We already began transitioning to the Metaverse some time ago via the various interactive experiences that create singular moments on digital, social, and gaming platforms that have been developed over the last 20 years. It is well known that these platforms have commodified the individual via collection of their data and the recording of their activities, exploiting their desires and frustrations both. To solve this problem, we need to create AI digital ethics and be conscious of the risks inherent in augmenting our perception of reality, and the fake narratives that could take root under such circumstances, and adopt self-sovereign identities (SSI), decentralized digital identities that allow for credentials to be presented and verified in digital interactions.
Related: Facebook’s centralized metaverse a threat to the decentralized ecosystem?
The new metaverses’ AI technology solutions allow us and any users to self-manage and augment our digital identities without depending on third-party providers to store and centrally manage data. But this can also can be radically disruptive if not managed well, and much more revolutionary than anything in the previous 30,000 years of humanity.
The use of blockchain technology and NFTs, along with AI tools, VR, and AR — even holograms like in Star Wars — are in their nascent development, but will be vital in scaling the vision of what metaverses are and can be, and we need to imagine and build them collectively, being conscious of their capacity to empower us if built ethically and securely, creating trust.
For a metaverse to succeed, we need to make sure that we are all conscious that this is happening now! It is part of all of our life’s present, not in the far-flung future! The Metaverse needs to be built by all of us, with conscience, seamless and trusted, where the citizen — each of us — uses these new tools, like the invention of fire before, to empower themself by owning and evolving with the new metaverse platforms and technologies, not being a slave to them.
Therefore, we must be conscious that we need to build and make the Metaverse, the AI platforms for the amplifications of humanity, their very best instead of a dystopian prison! Only in this way will we ensure that the present building of our Metaverse becomes the ultimate set of tools and platforms for helping us to dream bigger and unlock more powerful narratives, rather than trapping us in a prison built from within our own biggest fears and nightmares.