AUD USD - FUNDAMENTAL DRIVERSAUD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: WEAK BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
At the May policy decision, the RBA made a hawkish turn by raising the cash rate by 0.25% versus STIR expectations of a 15bsp move. Even though there were some hawkish takes looking for a 40bsp move, the 25bsp was still higher than consensus expectations. The bank noted that inflation pressures have risen more than they expected, even without a sharp rise in wages, and means that further increases in the cash rate will be required to bring inflation back in line with their target. They also surprised markets on the balance sheet side by announcing that they are starting passive QT by stopping the reinvestment of maturing bonds. The hawkish surprise was enough to see STIR markets price in >60% chance of a 50bsp hike for the June meeting despite comments from Gov Lowe who said they don’t preclude a bigger or smaller rate move than 25bsp in the future. All-in-all the decision from the RBA was hawkish and has finally kick started the bank’s hiking cycle and should provide support for the AUD in the med-term as long as the bank keeps tightening expectations intact.
2. Idiosyncratic Drivers & Intermarket Analysis
Apart from the RBA, there are 2 key drivers we’re watching for the med-term outlook: China – With the PBoC & CCP stepping up monetary and fiscal stimulus, any recovery in China usually bodes well for Australia (40% of exports goes to China). It has also meant that the virus situation in China posed short-term downside risks for AUD as it has pushed back recovery expectations. Thus, virus and stimulus developments in China remains key for the AUD. However, as long as recovery expectations in China remain intact, it bodes well for the med-term economic outlook for Australia as well. The AUKUS defence pact could see retaliation against Aussie goods and is worth keeping on the radar as well Commodities – Iron Ore (31%), Coal (14%) and LNG (10%) is more than 50% of Aussie exports, with the recent rise in prices giving the AUD a lot of support from a terms of trade perspective. As long as these key commodities remain supported it remains supportive for the AUD, but of course that also means any sizeable corrections will weigh on the AUD. Thus, geopolitical and China demand developments remain key focus points.
3. Global Risk Outlook
As a high-beta currency, the AUD usually benefits from overall positive risk sentiment as well as environments that benefit pro-cyclical assets. Thus, both short-term (immediate) and med-term (underlying) risk sentiment will always be a key consideration for the AUD.
4. CFTC Analysis
Very close to neutral signals for AUD positioning. Recent price action has been tricky with overall risk off sentiment and China growth concerns. That also means if risk sentiment can continue to find some reprieve this week it could see some short-term recovery in the AUD and will as always be a key focus for the week ahead.
5. The Week Ahead
For the AUD the focus for the week ahead will be on China, commodities , and the RBA policy decision. The covid situation in China remains important, and the hope is that either the government eases up more of the draconian restrictions or we see additional economic support. Commodities like Iron Ore and Coal prices will be eyed as usual, as both commodities have been struggling to hold onto any decent upside momentum. Any negative price action will be important for the AUD. We also have the RBA policy decision coming up on Tuesday, where markets are fully pricing in another 25bsp hike for the bank. Even though STIR markets are pricing in 30bsp of tightening, there is a few participants calling for a 40bsp hike given the growing inflation concerns and cost living squeeze facing Australia consumers. It would make sense for the RBA to learn from other central banks and slam on the breaks a bit harder as early as they can. The big risk to this view of course is the Q1 wage print which came in fairly soft and still a distance away from the RBA’s preferred 3.0% wage growth level. That might see the bank opting for a calmer 25bsp hike instead. An as expected 25bsp probably won’t be enough to give the AUD a lift, but a surprise aggressive tilt could be just what the doctor ordered to provide some upside for the AUD. As always, risk sentiment will also be in focus, especially after another stronger close for equities on Friday. Any continuation in that positive risk sentiment should offer some support for the AUD, while a resumption of the negative mood is expected to weigh on the currency.
USD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: WEAK BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
In May the Fed delivered on hawkish expectations by hiking the Fed Funds Rate by 50bsp and also confirmed that the committee expects further 50bsp hikes to be appropriate. The fed also stuck to a familiar hawkish tone by downplaying the prospects of an imminent recession by explaining that even though the economy contracted in Q1, that household spending and business investment remained strong. The Chair also stuck to their guns regarding the rate path by suggesting that they think reaching neutral (currently estimated at 2.4%) before year-end would be appropriate and will assess the need for further hikes when they get there. There were however some less hawkish elements which saw a very classic ‘sell-the-fact’ reaction in major asset classes. The first one was on the Quantitative Tightening front where the bank decided on a phased approach for balance sheet reduction by starting the monthly caps at 30bn (treasuries) and 17.5bn ( MBS ) and pushing it up to the expected $60bn (treasuries) and $35bn ( MBS ) over a three-month timeframe. The second less hawkish element was comments from Chair Powell who took 75bsp hikes off the table saying the committee was not actively considering rate moves of that size. Interestingly, it seems STIR markets did not really believe the Fed as the probability of a 75bsp hike stood at >70% directly following the presser. All-in-all, the meeting provided a short-term ‘sell-the-fact’ opportunity, but also cemented the view that despite signs of a slowing economy and despite clear stress in financial markets, the Fed is sticking to their aggressive tightening for now.
2. Global & Domestic Economy
The USD’s global usage means it’s usually inversely correlated to the global economy and global trade. The USD usually appreciates when growth & inflation slows (disinflation) and depreciates when growth & inflation accelerates (reflation). Expectations of a cyclical slowdown have been USD positive. However, we think a lot of the growth concerns might be reflected in recent USD appreciation already. Furthermore, the USD has not been responding positively to bad data like we’ve seen from the start of the year. More recently we’ve seen the USD depreciate on bad data which could suggest that the USD’s driver has temporarily shifted away from the growth focus and shifted towards a Fed focus as the worse the incoming data becomes the higher the likelihood of a less aggressive Fed in the months ahead. Incoming data will be watched closely in relation to the infamous ‘Fed Put’. If growth data slows but not enough to stop the Fed’s hawkish path it’s USD positive, but if the data cause a Fed pivot that’ll be a big negative for the USD.
3. CFTC Analysis
An overall bearish positioning change across major participant categories last week. Aggregate USD positioning remains close to 1 standard deviation above the mean, and close to prior tops where the USD topped out in previous cycles. That means we don’t want to chase the USD higher from here in the short-term.
4. The Week Ahead
We have shifted our bias for the USD from bullish to weak bullish based on the USD’s recent negative reaction to bad US economic data. If this trend persists, we could very likely be changing our fundamental bias for the USD to neutral. In the week ahead the main event in focus for the USD will be the May CPI data. It was clear from the past two CPI prints that we are likely past the peak in YY terms, but the peak is no longer enough to satisfy markets. From here the focus for CPI won’t only be on the declining level but also the pace at which it slows, which means monthly data points are very important as well. That means a lot of focus on how monthly CPI figures are impacted by big fluctuations in things like food, energy, and shelter prices. Both core measures are expected to slow again, while headline YY expected to stay flat, but a big acceleration expected for headline CPI due to recent upside seen in commodity prices. With markets already expecting a further move lower in the core components we will likely need a very significant miss to really ‘surprise’ markets. However, big surprise drops in both headline and core would still be expected to put pressure on the USD and US10Y while offering support for things like Gold and equities.
