EUR/USD Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Feb 2, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
During this week's trading session, the Eurodollar exhibited a high degree of fluctuation and volatility, revolving around our Mean Support level of 1.084. Despite the fluctuations, the currency failed to rise above our Mean Resistance level of 1.090 to sustain a meaningful rebound. Currently, the Eurodollar is in a primary downward trend, which will continue until the support level marked at Mean Support 1.076 and the Inner Currency Dip level of 1.075 are breached. Once these levels are eliminated, the currency will continue to decline towards the next Inner Currency Dip of 1.065.
However, there is a possibility of an upward movement, in which case the currency might retest the Mean Support level of 1.090 once again before continuing its downward trend. It is important to note that breaching the Mean Resistance level of 1.090 is essential for a sustained dead-cat rebound. Therefore, traders should observe these levels closely and trade accordingly to make the most of the current market situation.
Economy
Bitcoin(BTC/USD) Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Feb 2, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
During this week's trading session, Bitcoin has been experiencing a very tight trading range. Its progress has been obstructed by our Mean Res 43200, which has been causing a significant block jam. However, the market is anticipating a strong push through the Inner Coin Rally 44200, propelling the prices towards Mean Res 47000. This move is expected to be followed by a retest of the completed Outer Coin Rally 47500, which would signify a noteworthy milestone for Bitcoin's upward momentum. In case of a downside, the coin may retest a Mean Sup 42000 before continuing its upward trend.
U.S. Continuing Jobless Claims (Updated Chart & Release)U.S. Continuing Jobless Claims
Rep: 1,806k ✅Lower Than Expected ✅
Exp: 1,845k
Prev: 1,832k (revised down from 1,834)
Whilst the short term lower than expected continuous jobless claims are welcomed the long term trend is one of thee most concerning charts out there.
Chart Trend
Since Sept 2022 continuing claims increased from 1.302m to 1.806m (500k+). This is significantly concerning trend and suggests that an increasing number of people that become unemployed are remaining unemployed for longer.
Recession Watch
The chart below has min, avg and max levels on the bottom right to illustrate the levels we would need to hit for increased recession risk. Right now this chart demonstrates we are at max timeframe and close to max levels for an advance recession warning.
What are Initial and Continuous claims?
Initial Jobless Claims account for only the people that claimed their first week of unemployment benefit whilst Continued Jobless Claims accounts for people who continued to seek their unemployment benefit into week 2 and subsequent weeks.
Next up, Philly Fed Manufacturing Index 💪🏻
What Too Big to FAIL Look Like? JPMThis chart was originally looking at GANN angles for JPM. Keep in mind this is not scaled- primarily to show the graphics better, but also suggests the volatility is native to the price action when it is scaled. JPM is the largest bank in the US. As far as I can see the top was reached 2 yrs ago during CV19 height. The new paradigm is a down wave. There is already a hint of an additional bearish pattern forming. This harmonic is a shark pattern, but they have a tendency after the C wave to turn down and sometimes very harshly (just the nature of the harmonic). They can be bearish or bullish, but only after the entire bearish embedded harmonic sentiment has ran their course. Note this same type of pattern in Bitcoin (slightly different but the same). How far down?? Leave your comment below.
The FED is printing money at an unstoppable rate and has been doing so. Inflation is rising not just nationally but Globally. Sure we do get the hints of better days, but they are short lived. I think this is primarily because there wasn't as harsh of an economic impact during COVID. Now that the pandemic is subsiding some (still not gone), the money printer is being over worked to a point where it may not be able to do much at all. Large companies are laying off (reminiscent of pre COVID days). There are other indicators as well in the DOW and NYSE to further support something BIG is bound to happen THIS YEAR and within the next 30-90 days which could further last well into the next few years. How bad will it get??? I am only providing the acronyms as they relate to the different levels. Keep in mind we are still in an overall bearish cycle and these small pumps we get are the hints of the money injections attempting to revive things. Banks are teetering and a few have failed. NOTE: There are banks out there in worst condition than the ones that were bailed out. What happens to them? It has already been noted that there is not enough FDIC insurance to cover everyone so when PANIC sets in it just doesn't look good. I hope this is all wrong, because if it is not May God have Mercy on the souls of the many across this Nation and the Globe. I am also looking at crypto markets taking a dive as well, but maybe not as bad as the traditional markets which more people are exposed to. Once the PANIC level is reached I think its going to get ugly very quickly. It may happen sooner than later. Stay vigilant!
I warrant that the information created and published, doesn't constitute investment advice, and isn't created solely for qualified investors.
U.S Core PCE Price Index (MoM)ECONOMICS:USCPCEPIMM
Core PCE prices in the US, which exclude food and energy,
rose by 0.2% from the previous month in December of 2023, aligned with market estimates, and picking up slightly from the 0.1% increase in November.
From the previous year,
Core PCE prices edged 2.9% higher,
undershooting market estimates of 3% to mark the lowest reading since February 2021.
The data extended the disinflation trend in prices measured by the Federal Reserve’s preferred gauge, consistent with previous signals of rate cuts to be delivered this year. Regarding the whole national PCE that includes energy and food, prices rose by 0.2% from the prior month and 2.6% from the prior year, consistent with expectations.
Prices for goods rose by less than 0.1% from 2022, while those for services remained elevated at 3.9%.
source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
S&P 500 Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 26, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
Spooz has completed the Inner Index Rally at 4882 and is continuing its upward movement toward a higher target; the Outer Index Rally marked at 4980. However, once we reach the designated target, there is a possibility of a squeeze that could cause prices to drop to the Mean Support level of 4845. In the meantime, the index may retest the Mean Support level of 4845 before continuing its upward trend.
EUR/USD Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 26, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
The Eurodollar gyrated between our Mean Res 1.090 and Mean Sup 1.084 throughout this week's trading. The continuous primary downward designation is the established support level marked at 1.076 and the Inner Currency Dip level of 1.075 with a strong possibility of a dead-cat rebound to reversed (Resistance) Mean Sup 1.084. On the upside, the currency might retest a Mean Sup 1.090 before continuing its downward trend.
Bitcoin(BTC/USD) Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 26, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
Bitcoin continued a pivotal squeeze to complete our Inner Coin Dip 38500 and is rebounding to the newly created Mean Res 43200 and Inner Coin Rally 44200. On the downside, the coin might retest a Mean Sup 39500 and completed Inner Coin Dip 38500 before continuing its upward trend. .
Macro Monday 30~U.S. Net Treasury International Capital FlowsMacro Monday 30
U.S. Net Treasury International Capital Flows
In essence the U.S. Net Treasury International Capital Flows (US TIC Flows) refer to the movement of funds into or out of the United States through the purchase or sale of U.S. Treasury securities by foreign investors and governments. These flows of capital are an essential component of the overall balance of payments, reflecting the financial transactions between the United States and the rest of the world.
What does the data represent exactly?
The U.S. Treasury International Capital (TIC) system is compiled by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and provides information on cross-border financial transactions. The TIC data include details on purchases and sales of various U.S. financial assets and liabilities, such as Treasury securities, corporate bonds, equities, and banking flows.
In simple terms the Foreign Purchases of U.S. Securities (inflows) are taken away from the U.S. Purchases of Foreign Securities (outflows) to present a overall net figure. The net result of these two components determines whether there is a net inflow or outflow of capital.
What are the drivers of positive & negative flows?
Positive Flows (>0 on chart)
POSITIVE FLOWS in U.S Net Treasury International Capital result from factors such as attractive U.S. interest rates, a stable domestic economy, and global uncertainty that drives foreign investors to seek the safety of U.S. Treasury securities. During these periods, there is a net inflow of capital into the United States pressing the number higher above zero.
Negative Flows (<0 on chart)
Conversely, NEGATIVE FLOWS occur when other countries offer higher returns, there are concerns about the U.S. economic outlook, or global risk aversion prompts investors to repatriate funds. Exchange rate movements also play a role, as a stronger U.S. dollar can make U.S. assets less appealing.
The interplay of the above mentioned factors influences the direction of international capital flows, which impacts the balance of purchases and sales of U.S. Treasury securities by foreign and domestic investor.
Now that we have a general sense of what’s driving the data, and what makes an overall net positive and or net negative flow, let’s have a look at the chart.
The Chart
✅ Since Jan 2019 there has been an upward trend in Treasury Inflows into the U.S (Black Arrow).
❌This upward trend had one sudden interruption causing a decline from Mar - May 2023 going from positive inflows of $114B to negative outflows of $159.4B, the timing of which coincided with the 2023 U.S Banking Crisis where three small-to-mid size U.S. banks failed.
✅ Since the Banking Crisis in May 2023 Treasury Capital flows have moved from overall negative outflows of $159.4B to overall positive inflows of $260.2B. A major turn around and reversion to the long term trend.
✅The recent surge in positive inflows to $260.2B are the highest recorded since August 2022 ($275B)
In summary inflows to U.S Treasuries have been in an general uptrend since January 2019 with one brief interruption from Mar – May 2023 and inflows have increased significantly in recent months and look like they may be about to take out the Aug 2022 highs.
Recession Patterns
1. More isolated recessions that were not globally systemic events led to positive net inflows into the U.S. Treasury however larger global events led to outflows from U.S. Treasuries, particularly if those global events involved the U.S. engaging in foreign conflicts.
▫️ During the DotCom Crash (No. 3 on the chart) – The tech sector was badly hit but it was not necessarily a global recession with the associated geopolitical turmoil. Foreign investors sought safety in the U.S. Treasury Market during this time.
▫️ Similarly during the brief Gulf War Recession (No. 4 on the chart) you can see that initially, there was increased net inflows however in Jan 1991 inflows sharply turned to outflows which coincided with the U.S. led invasion of Kuwait (a response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait). This was considered a global event and thus led to an exodus of outflows and repatriation of funds from the U.S Treasury Market.
▫️ More recently during the Great Financial Crisis (no. 2 on the chart) and the COVID-19 Crash (No. 1 on the chart) there was a significant outflow from U.S. Treasuries due to the magnitude of these global events. You can imagine foreign market participants clawing funds back into their respective countries to batten the hatches and get into a defensive financial position with global systemic risks high. Better to have a bird in the hand than two in the bush when the bush is on fire.
▫️One other pattern worth mentioning is highlighted in yellow on the chart with an A, B and C. Prior to the Great Financial Crisis and COVID-19 crashes we first had a reduction in overall U.S. Net Treasuries of $373B (A on chart) and $393B (B on chart), respectively. Within 13 to 16 months of both treasure drawdowns we had a recession. We recently had a drop of $437B (C on chart) which ended in May 2023. If history repeats and we had a recession within 13-16 months of this happening, this would be sometime between June and Sept 2024. An alternative view would be that the increase in declines from $373B (A) to $393B (B) to $437B (C) may correspond with the shortening timeframes from 16 months(A) to 13 months(B) to potentially 10 months(C) for the current $437B drop (C on the chart). This would suggest March/April 2024 as a potential recession timeframe (based on the historic reductive time pattern).
The U.S. Net Treasury International Capital Flows is a fascinating chart to keep an eye on and should be added to the economic data armory as it will help us interpret what is really going on in the treasury market (there is a lot of false narratives out there ATM). It is also useful in informing us on what the global perspective is in terms of systemic risk vs isolated risk, and also from a historic recessionary standpoint offers value.
The best investors in the world call the bond market the market of truth but I have found it hard to find a chart that illustrates this through a global lens UNTIL today. This chart captures that beautifully.
Thanks for coming along again
PUKA
S&P 500 Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 19, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
Spooz's robust movement from our Mean Sup 4745 toward our designated target, Inner Index Rally 4882, is on its way, leaving no fingerprints at the crime scene at the completed Outer Index Rally 4807. The advancement toward a higher target Outer Index Rally 5035 is now in its making. However, once we reach the designated target of Inner Index Rally 4882, we may face a squeeze that could cause prices to drop down to the Mean Support level of 4798 and possibly even the Mean Support level of 4725.
EUR/USD Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 19, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
The Eurodollar has dropped to our Mean Sup 1.090 and is hovering under inverted to now Mean Res 1.090, possibly extending to Mean Res 1.094. The primary downward designation is the established Mean Support level of 1.075, with interim support marked Mean Sup 1.084.
$RUGRES 'August/2023 Accumulation'ECONOMICS:RUGRES
The latest data from the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) International Financial Statistics (IFS) report shows that Russia’s central bank increased its gold reserves in August, restoring reserves back to previous levels from earlier this year.
“IMF IFS data shows gold reserves at the Central Bank of Russia rose by 3 tonnes in August,” according to Krishan Gopaul, Senior Analyst at the World Gold Council.
Analysts reacted positively to the data, but some raised questions regarding Russia's gold production and where the precious metal is going.
$URA: Bulls at 30 seem positioned wellAMEX:URA showing promise here at 30 and we could be looking at a turn around in price soon. Growth stocks may need to find their footing and dollar may need to soften a bit but for now, this seems like a decent spot for longs. Best of luck traders..
The green line at 27.5 was where our previous trade occured for a nice little run and is linked to this post.
Understanding Initial Jobless Claims as a Market IndicatorIntroduction
In the complex and multifaceted world of economic indicators, initial jobless claims hold a special place. As a measure of the number of individuals filing for unemployment benefits for the first time, this statistic offers a real-time glimpse into the health of the labor market, which in turn is a vital component of the overall economic landscape. This article delves into how initial jobless claims function as an indicator and their impact on the financial markets.
Understanding Initial Jobless Claims
Initial jobless claims refer to claims filed by individuals seeking to receive unemployment benefits after losing their job. These are reported weekly by the U.S. Department of Labor, providing a timely snapshot of labor market conditions. A lower number of claims typically signifies a strong job market, suggesting that fewer people are losing their jobs. Conversely, an increase in claims can indicate a weakening labor market, often a precursor to broader economic downturns.
Initial Jobless Claims as an Economic Indicator
Health of the Labor Market: The primary significance of initial jobless claims is its reflection of the labor market's health. A steady, low number of claims often correlates with job growth and declining unemployment rates, indicating a robust economy.
Leading Indicator for the Economy: As a leading economic indicator, jobless claims can provide early signals about the direction of the economy. Spikes in claims can forewarn of economic contraction, while consistent decreases might indicate economic expansion.
Consumer Spending: Since employment directly affects consumer income, initial jobless claims can also indirectly signal changes in consumer spending, a major driver of economic growth.
Impact on Financial Markets
Market Sentiment: Traders and investors closely watch initial jobless claims to gauge market sentiment. Fluctuations in these numbers can lead to immediate reactions in the stock, bond, and forex markets.
Monetary Policy Implications: Central banks, like the Federal Reserve, consider labor market conditions when setting monetary policy. Rising jobless claims can lead to a more dovish policy stance (like lowering interest rates), while decreasing claims might justify tightening policies.
Sector-Specific Implications: Certain sectors are more sensitive to changes in jobless claims. For instance, a rise in claims can negatively impact consumer discretionary stocks but might be favorable for defensive sectors like utilities or healthcare.
Analyzing the Data
Understanding initial jobless claims requires context. Seasonal factors, temporary layoffs, and unique economic events (like a pandemic) can skew data. Analysts often look at the four-week moving average to smooth out weekly volatilities for a clearer trend.
Conclusion
In conclusion, initial jobless claims serve as a crucial barometer for the economy and financial markets. Investors, policy makers, and economists alike monitor these figures for insights into labor market trends and the broader economic picture. As with any indicator, it's essential to consider jobless claims in conjunction with other data to fully understand the economic landscape.
Macro Monday 29 - U.S. Existing Home Sales & New Home Sales U.S. Existing Home Sales & New Home Sales
U.S. Existing Home Sales
U.S. Existing Home Sales data helps us to gauge the strength of the U.S. housing market and is a key indicator of overall economic health in the U.S.
In simple terms U.S. Existing Home Sales is a seasonally adjusted record of previously owned homes that have been sold in the United States (per unit).
The monthly data report is released by the National Association of Realtors (NAR) and It is a lagging indicator since people often make housing choices in response to a changes in interest rates (which would lead ahead of this dataset).
Decembers report will be released this Friday 19th Jan. I will update the chart then so we can see how the trend is developing.
The Chart
You can clearly see that we have been in a downtrend since October 2020 where we topped out at 6.73m units. Thereafter from Jan 2022 – October 2023 we fell precipitously from 6.34m down to 3.79m.
Sales of previously owned homes in the U.S. went up 0.8% month-over-month to a seasonally adjusted annualized rate of 3.82m units in November 2023 (a turning point?), rising for the first time in five months, and rebounding from 3.79m in October which was the lowest level since August 2010.
Whilst we are waiting for December 2023 figures, the Jan – Mar 2024 figures will also provide a good sentiment gauge for the direction in 2024.
The chart has that look at present that it is basing here or potentially changing trend. Accessibility to existing homes is clearly low at present and one would think that low existing home sales clogs up the market and liquidity that might flow with it and the economy however, the low existing house sales also appears to create demand for New Homes which we will cover next.
U.S. New Home Sales
New Home Sales, also known as "new residential sales," is an economic indicator that measures sales of newly built homes (seasonally adjusted for annualized figures).
The New Home Sales measure compiles data through interviews with home-builders and analysis of the U.S. Census Bureau's Survey of Construction. Specifically, it utilizes information on building permits issued for new construction projects. A home is considered part of the measure if a deposit was paid for its purchase or if a contract to purchase was signed within or after the year of its construction.
The construction of new homes contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the U.S. It involves spending on materials, labor, and various services, which can stimulate economic activity. New home sales data is a critical metric for assessing economic health, understanding employment trends, and gaining insights into the dynamics of the housing market.
The Chart
You can clearly see that we never really recovered after the 2005 peak of 1.39m units, however bottomed in 2011 and started making a slow climb from 273k to a 1.04m peak in August 2020. This remains the recent peak and has not been recovered.
An almost 50% reduction in New Home Sales followed reducing from 1.04m to 543k units over 23 months ending July 2022.
We are currently 10% above this level at 590k (for Nov) having rolled over in July 2023 from 728k.
The chart looks very concerning. Should we lose the diagonal and horizontal support with this month or next months data release, it could be very telling of a struggling new housing market. We have tested the horizontal support three times and you would hope that this would hold. Time will tell.
Comparing the Charts
Here is where it gets a little interesting.
When you look at both charts and compare them you can see that between June 2022 and Sept 2023 the decreasing EXISTING home sales negatively correlated with the increase in NEW home sales. This would make surface level sense given the lack of existing homes being available creating a need for new housing.
In recent months there has been a sharp divergence in the opposite direction, particularly in NEW home sales, which plunged from 717k in Sept 2023 to 590k in Nov 2023. EXISTING Home Sales increased marginally from 3.79m in Oct 2023 to 3.82m in Nov 2023. Is this a turning point?
Obviously a combination of factors are at work here and its not just existing supply coming to the market that might be disrupting new home sales or vice versa but its interesting seeing this correlation and its something to keep an eye on for investors and policy makers. Sale of brand new homes creates a lot of economic activity and if sales are declining significantly whilst existing homes are starting to come back onto the market, one would presume it would stress the housing market and the economy. We may need reduced interest rates sooner rather than later to help fan the flames of the new housing market, or maybe its time the market takes a breather? What do you think? It certainly adds to the argument for lower rates sooner from the Federal Reserve to "soften the landing" or that divergence noted today.
On Macro Monday 21 we covered the NAHB Housing Market Index and its close correlation to U.S Housing Starts. If you enjoyed this read today, you should take a look at that. They are two useful additions that give another view. I'll throw the link in the comments.
Thanks for coming along again 🤓 if you enjoyed this or found it informative please let me know
PUKA
S&P 500 Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 12, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
Spooz's extended movement toward our designated target, Mean Res 4783 and Key Res 4800, is noteworthy. However, the completed Outer Index rally poses a significant barrier to advancement towards higher targets: Inner Index Rally 4882 and the next Outer Index Rally 5035. The current level of tight trading range supports this theory. Despite this, current market conditions suggest we may experience a squeeze that could drive the prices down to the Mean Support level at 4745 and possibly even the Inner Index Dip at 4595.
EUR/USD Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 12, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
The Eurodollar has been trading aimlessly this week, fluctuating below the designated Mean Resistance of 1.098. The current target is the Mean Support of 1.090, with a potential decline towards the established Mean Support level of 1.075. On the upside, the Eurodollar may attempt to surpass the Mean Resistance level of 1.098 and reach the Mean Resistance of 1.104 before showing any significant decline.
Bitcoin(BTC/USD) Daily Chart Analysis For Week of Jan 12, 2024Technical Analysis and Outlook:
Bitcoin has surged past January 2, 2024, completing the Inner Coin Rally 45900 and, as a result, also topping our designated Next #1 Outer Coin Rally 47500. In addition, Bitcoin has retraced back to our target Mean Sup 42800 after completing a pivotal squeeze, as shown in last week's chart analysis. Currently, it is regaining its lost ground by revisiting the newly-created Mean Res 47000 and extending beyond it.
Core and Headline Producer Price Index (PPI) Release Core and Headline PPI (Dec 2023 figures)
U.S. Headline PPI
Prev: 0.8% / Exp: 1.3%
Rep: 1.0% ✅ Lower than expected ✅
U.S. Core PPI (excludes food and energy)
Prev: 2.0% / Exp: 1.9%
Rep: 1.8% ✅ Lower Than Expected✅
What is PPI and why is it important?
Producer Price Index is a crucial economic indicator that provides valuable information about inflationary pressures at the producer level. By tracking changes in producer prices over time, it provides insights into inflation trends before they manifest in consumer prices.
Difference between Core and Headline PPI
The Core PPI aims to provide a more stable measure of underlying inflation, while the headline index reflects all price changes, including those driven by more volatile components such as food an energy. You can see from the chart that Headline PPI in red is the swings more widely up and down due to the inclusion of these volatile components (food and energy).
✅ LOWER THAN EXPECTED PPI TODAY✅
Core and Headline PPI came in lower than expected this month and as you can see we are reaching down into the historically more moderate zone between 3% and -1.5%. This bodes will for inflationary pressures in general and may be an early indicator of lower Core and Headline inflation figures (for CPI) in the coming months.
PUKA
The US Economy Has Flashed ResilienceThe potential for a stronger dollar looms ahead, driven by the robustness of the US economy, which enables Federal Reserve officials to pursue a more gradual reduction in interest rates compared to other major central banks.
Despite the Federal Reserve's assertive approach to raising interest rates, the US economy has demonstrated resilience, with inflation gaining momentum toward the end of 2023. This defies expectations on Wall Street, where some anticipated an earlier initiation of interest rate cuts, possibly as early as March.
Additionally, the dollar finds support in the persisting uncertainty surrounding significant global elections, particularly the impending US presidential showdown. By March, the candidates will be revealed, and unlike the scenario in 2016, the likelihood of a victory for former President Donald Trump is expected to be factored into the market well in advance.
Core and Headline CPI RELEASED (Dec 2023 figures)Core and Headline CPI (Dec 2023 figures)
U.S. Headline CPI
Prev: 3.1%
Exp: 3.2%
Rep: 3.4% 🚨 HIGHER THAN EXPECTED 🚨
U.S. Core CPI
Prev: 4.0%
Exp: 3.8%
Rep: 3.9% 🚨 HIGHER THAN EXPECTED - but still fell
from 4% to 3.9%✅
CORE CPI FALLS BELOW 4% FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE MAY 2021
We have a long way to go before we reach the Fed Target of 2%.
Additional info previously shared:
Core vs Headline (the difference)
You can clearly see how Core CPI is less volatile than Headline CPI on the chart. Core CPI removes the volatile food and energy expenditures to provide the underlying inflation trend. Food and Energy is included in the Headline inflation which as you can see from the chart is much more volatile and changes direction quicker than core inflation. Its almost like an oscillator around the core inflation line.
The Feds 2% Target
It is clear that we are not at the Federal Reserve’s target inflation rate of 2% on both fronts (purple line). It is critical to understand that we are still not at or below the target 2% level regardless of the FOMC’s determination of a likely hold on interest rates and reductions to interest rates in 2024. Lets see can the target be met first.
You can see that since 2002 Core CPI has fluctuated one standard deviation above and below the 2% inflation level between 1% and 3%. It is clear that we are not back into this standardised zone between 1 – 3%.