Get started

Sideways

The level defense patternI use the concept of a level being defended by either a buyer or a seller to find potential buying or selling opportunities. This is a specific pattern that can be identified on a chart. Let's consider one variant of this pattern. In this variant, the defense of a level by a buyer looks as follows: a buyer's candle closes above the level. Then, a seller's candle or candles interact with the level, followed by the appearance of a buyer's candle, which needs to be evaluated. If it meets the criteria, entry points can be identified. Let's look at a concrete example. The pattern developed over 10 hours. On the chart, blue-shaded areas represent 2-hour buyer's candles, and red-shaded areas represent 2-hour seller's candles. After the buyer pushed the price back above the 6.733 level, they attempted to resume from the 6.7571 level, the volume of the buyer's candle (632K) was less than that of the seller's candle (1.274M). Then, the seller attacked the 6.733 level with increased volume (709K) but could not push the price below this level. Note where POC of the volume profile for the 2-hour seller's attack candle is: below 6.7571. The high of the attack candle is at 6.8166. The next buyer's candle had increased volume (792K). Notice where the buyer's movement started in this candle: from the POC of the volume profile of the seller's attack candle. Now entry points can be identified. In this example, the entry points are visible on the 1-minute time frame. The chart shows two entry points. Note how volumes are distributed at these points and the resulting buyer's zones (blue rectangles on the chart). The first entry point is the defense of the breakout from the range by the buyer, which was formed in the previous 2-hour candle (RPL on the chart, 6.7784). The second entry point is the defense of the high of the attacking 2-hour seller's candle by the buyer (6.8166 level).
Education
by AlexeyWolf
Trading opportunity. What to buy?In the crypto market, the largest assets are currently experiencing similar situations. On the charts, we can see that six assets have formed sideways trends. Prices for all six assets are currently at the bottom of these sideways trends. For four assets, the price temporarily dropped below the lower boundary of the sideways trend, where liquidity from sellers was collected, but then returned to the sideways trend. The prices of five assets, excluding BNB, are in zones where it makes sense to consider buying. The most interesting potential is with DOGE and AVAX. One possible strategy to consider is buying four assets that you like the most.
Long
by AlexeyWolf
16
BNBUSDT. Trading opportunityOn the daily timeframe, the price has formed a sideways movement and reached the mandatory target of the seller's vector 7-8. The next relevant buyer's vector 8-9 has a potential target of $634. The price is currently in the middle of the sideways range on the daily timeframe. On the hourly timeframe, the price has also formed a sideways movement. The short seller's vector 11-12 broke below the lower boundary of the sideways range at $574 and collected sellers' liquidity. Pay attention to the key volume of the last vector 11-12: the candle with the highest volume in the vector is at the bottom (marked as 'KC' on the chart). Then the buyer absorbed this volume and returned the price to the sideways range, forming a new buyer zone at the boundary of the sideways range (the blue rectangle on the chart, upper boundary at $575.5). The key volume (largest) in the emerging buyer's vector is also at the bottom (the candle on the chart is marked as 'tKC'). This setup increases the probability of realizing the buyer's vector 12-13 with a potential target on the hourly timeframe of $600. Idea: Look for purchases as the realization of the buyer's vector 12-13 on the hourly timeframe and the buyer's vector 8-9 on the daily timeframe. The target on the hourly timeframe is $600. The preferred option is to look for purchases from the defense by the buyer of the buyer zone at the lower boundary of the sideways range.
by AlexeyWolf
TONUSDT. Trading opportunityOn the daily timeframe, the price formed a sideways movement and hit the mandatory target of the buyer's vector 4-5 (7.2755 was reached). Currently, the price is in a seller's context. The next relevant seller's vector 5-6 has a potential target of 5.18. Yesterday, the seller showed a weak reaction on the daily timeframe (spread, volume, and the tail of the bearish candle), and the tail of this candle tested the volume key candle (on the "rKC" chart) of the buyer's vector 4-5, from which a strong buyer reaction started on the hourly timeframe: 3 buyer candles with good spread from the level of 6.5615. On the hourly timeframe, the price also formed a sideways movement. The bearish seller's vector 9-10 reached the mandatory target. The next relevant buyer's vector 10-11 has a potential target of 7.2232. A liquidity pool of sellers formed below points 4 and 10 of the sideways movement, at 6.5615. A weak seller on the daily timeframe may overcome a strong buyer on the hourly timeframe. Sales may be considered: Option 1: Implementation idea of the seller's vector 5-6 on the daily timeframe: if the price breaks the lower boundary of the sideways movement on the hourly timeframe (6.5615) and defends this breakout. An ambitious potential target is 5.18. Option 2: Implementation idea of the seller's vector 11-12 on the hourly timeframe. After the implementation of the buyer's vector 10-11 and the defense by the seller of the level 7.2232. The potential target is the opposite boundary of the sideways movement. Buy entries can also be sought from the implementation idea of the buyer's vector 10-11 on the hourly timeframe. Option 1: The most interesting option. If the buyer gathers liquidity from the seller below 6.5615, returns the price to the sideways movement on the hourly timeframe, and defends the level 6.5615. Possible targets are 7.2232, 7.45, and 7.675. Option 2: Upon the defense by the buyer of the level 6.8125, a buying opportunity can be sought. Possible targets are 7.2232, 7.45, and 7.675.
by AlexeyWolf
EURUSD could turn bearishWith last week behind us, week 22, hopefully next week will be a little more volatile. Last week was quite unimpressive, to be honest, with only one day of actual volatility. Wednesday was a nice day for profitability and really one of my most profitable in some time. There are signs from Thursday and Friday, that the Bulls are going to push for the next session to drive prices higher. However, when you look at the order book on the buy side and see where the bulls have set up their levels of support for the upcoming week, there is a clear sign of uncertainty within their movement and they are actually planning for a lower than expected region. I suspect that next week's upcoming news events are going to play a major role in the decision making process they have done as they have moved their lowest support outside the their previous methodologies. With more than a 10 pip distance between a second and third level support, I think they are concerned that a good portion of next week is going to drive prices lower. The Bears aren't going quietly either or sitting by idly. They have already established a rough 10% resistance level in the orderbook. though it is only one level, I suspect this is going to change as the news events unfold. Time will tell, but I expect this week to be just as profitable, if not more so than a previous weeks considering the expected volatility.
Short
by RobertD7723
AUDUSD. Medium-term and short-term forecastHello traders and investors! I'll share the forecast I made in mid-March. On the weekly chart, there's a sideways movement, with a bullish vector 5-6 targeting 0.69205. On the daily chart, we also see a sideways movement, with a bullish vector 7-8 targeting 0.66345, 0.66676. I'm awaiting price interaction with the daily targets to update the forecast. For a more detailed explanation of how to read charts and consider different timeframes when looking for trades, you can refer to the article
Long
by AlexeyWolf
ETHUSDT. Trading opportunityOn the daily timeframe, the price has been in a range since February 24. The buyer's vector 8-9 reached its obligatory target. The price is now in the seller's contextual zone. On May 23, the seller attempted to start their vector 9-10 with a potential target of 3301, but the buyer absorbed this attempt. The buyer's candle on May 23 has the highest volume in the entire vector 8-9, but the result is only in the wick. The price was unable to close the day above the previous wicks. Purchases can be sought based on the idea of reaching 4093. Sales can be considered based on the idea of the buyer's weakness (May 23 candle). Let's examine the lower timeframes to understand where purchases or sales can be found. The situation is clearly visible on the 2-hour timeframe. The price is in a range. The seller's vector 5-6 reached its obligatory target and the buyer's vector 6-7 started to develop with a potential target of 3901. The last two seller candles in vector 5-6 have increasing volume, while the two buyer candles in the beginning vector 6-7 have decreasing volume, suggesting that the buyer is not present yet and someone might be buying from the 50% tail of the candle using the IST (Smart Money) concept. For purchases, it would be beneficial if the seller on outstanding volume pushed the price below 3626, and the buyer absorbed this attempt and brought the price back above 3626. Of course, this might not happen, and the price could reach 3901. Sales can be sought from the seller's defense of 3901 or 3949. Below 3498 (the lower boundary of the range), sales can also be considered, but it is important to remember that 3301 may halt the seller, as this is where the buyer's zone on the daily timeframe begins (blue rectangle on the chart).
by AlexeyWolf
BTCUSDT. Trading opportunityOn the daily timeframe, the price is consolidating. The current buyer's vector 10-11 has not yet reached its targets. The price movement has stalled in the range of 70,400-72,000. The price is currently within the daily candle of May 20, 2024, which has the highest volume in the buyer's vector 10-11 (marked "tKC" on the chart). You can look for buying opportunities from this daily candle with the goal of reaching the vector 10-11 targets (72,800, 73,777). To find trading opportunities, let's examine the lower timeframes. On the hourly timeframe, there is a buyer's trend. The last buyer's impulse started from 68,905. The price corrected to this level, but we haven't seen active buying. The candle with the highest volume in the correction is at the beginning of the correction (marked "tKC" on the chart). For comparison, let's look at the situation from May 17-19. Similarly, on the hourly timeframe, there was a buyer's trend. The price corrected to the 50% level, we did not see active buying, but the candle that interacted with the 50% level had the highest volume in the correction (marked "tKC" on the chart). The buyer absorbed this candle, leading to a new buyer's impulse on the hourly timeframe. Currently, on the hourly timeframe, we do not observe anything similar. Moreover, the buyer failed to overcome the 50% level of the last impulse (70,442). Let's additionally look at the 200-minute timeframe. We see a consolidation; the price exited the upper boundary of the range (67,700). A correction occurred to the 50% level of the last impulse (68,919). The volume of the candle interacting with the 50% level is less than that of previous candles, indicating a lack of active buying (spread, volume). On this timeframe, buying opportunities can be sought either from the key candle ("KC" on the chart), although we have not yet seen a good resumption, or from the buyer defending the boundary of the range at 67,700. Additionally, on the 30-minute timeframe, there are still no good patterns for buying. It is advisable to look for buying opportunities: After the seller's attack on the 68,900 level (observe the volume and result of the attack) and the buyer defending this level. After the seller's attack on the 67,700 level (observe the volume and result of the attack) and the buyer defending this level. Currently, there is no context for looking for selling opportunities.
by AlexeyWolf
TrendsThe trend represents the directional movement of prices and plays an essential role in most technical trading systems. Technical analysis differentiates between trending and non-trending markets, also called flat trending markets. Trending markets can be either moving upwards or downwards. The upward-moving market is called the bull market, while the downward-moving market is called the bear market. Normally, a market is considered to be in an uptrend when the price reaches higher peaks and higher troughs. On the contrary, the market is regarded to be in a downtrend when the price reaches lower troughs and lower peaks. The non-trending market occurs when there is no significant uptrend or downtrend, and the price moves within a certain range. Thus, the flat trending market is notorious for its sideways-moving price action. Key takeaways: Trends can vary in length and are classified into four main categories: primary, secondary, minor, and intraday. The primary trend is the most significant trend, lasting for months or years. It's characterized by the overall direction of the market. The secondary trend opposes the primary trend and usually lasts for weeks or months. Identifying trends is crucial for technical traders. Methods range from simple tracking of recent lows and highs to more complex mathematical formulas. Trend classification Trends tend to be of different lengths. According to these lengths, trends fall into four main categories: primary trend, secondary trend, minor trend, and intraday trend. The primary trend is the only inviolable trend and lasts for a long period, usually months or years. The secondary trend runs counter to the primary trend and is often measured in weeks or months. Further, the minor trend is measured in days, and the intraday trend is represented merely by daily fluctuations in price. The primary trend The primary trend can be subdivided into three distinctive phases. The first phase of the primary uptrend begins with the revival of investors' confidence from the prior primary downtrend. That is followed by the second phase, in which asset prices increase in response to growing corporate earnings. In the third stage, speculation becomes the dominant force driving markets higher. This environment, when asset prices are rising on the hopes, dreams, and expectations of individual investors, tends to foreshadow the beginning of the primary downtrend. Its first phase commences with the abandonment of hopes and dreams upon which investments were made. That is followed by selling pressure due to falling corporate earnings in the second phase, which later escalates into panic selling in the third stage. Illustration 1.01   The illustration displays the weekly chart of Nasdaq continuous futures (NQ1!) for the period between late 2001 and 2008. The primary bull market began after the bottom of the “dotcom” bubble and lasted until the peak of the real estate and credit crisis in 2007. Illustration 1.02   The image above presents the daily chart of gold (XAUUSD) during the 2008 bear market when it dropped 34%. The secondary trend The secondary trend is the intermediate-term trend. Its direction is opposite to the primary trend, and it represents any significant price drop in the primary bull market or price rise in the primary bear market. The secondary trend usually lasts for weeks or months. Its measure in percentage terms tends to range between 33% and 66% of the range of the primary trend. This trend is considered to be prone to market manipulation as opposed to the primary trend. Illustration 1.03   The picture shows Bayerische Motoren Werke's (BMW) daily chart throughout 2020 and 2021. The white dashed-line box indicates the primary uptrend, and the grey dashed-line boxes indicate the secondary trends, counter to the primary one.  The minor and intraday trend The minor trend lasts for a few days or weeks, yet always less than the secondary trend. It is more difficult to identify than previous types of trends since its amplitude in percentage terms is significantly less when compared to the primary and secondary trends. The same applies to the intraday trend that lasts for a few seconds up to several hours; it represents daily changes in the price and is regarded to have little predictive value. Trend identification Identifying a trend is crucial for a trend-based technical trader, and there are plenty of methods how to identify it correctly. These methods can be simple or very complex. The simplest method of identifying trends can be done by tracking recent lows and recent highs in the price of an asset. Other simple methods involve using lines, trendlines, and curves; more complex methods usually involve the use of mathematical formulas in order to generate a set of valuable data. Please feel free to express your ideas and thoughts in the comment section. DISCLAIMER: This article is not intended to encourage any buying or selling of any particular securities. Furthermore, it should not be a basis for taking any trade action by an individual investor or any other entity. Therefore, your own due diligence is highly advised before entering a trade.
Education
by Tradersweekly
2
BABA. The buyer shows strengthHello traders and investors! Let's take a look at what happened since the last post where I suggested considering purchases. You can find the post linked below. Just a reminder, the solid line represents the main scenario, while the dashed line indicates possible price movements to realize the main scenario. The price has increased by 13%, with the maximum drawdown so far being 5%. The situation is most clearly visible on the 2-day timeframe. I explained how and why to use different timeframes in a separate article, the link to which is provided below. On the 2-day timeframe, the price has formed a sideways movement where volume accumulation is taking place. Currently, we see 7 points within the sideways movement. The buyer's momentum from point 7 broke through the upper boundary of the sideways movement at 78.34. If the buyer defends the breakout above the upper boundary of the sideways movement, I expect the first target to be 96.68. This is approximately 18% from the current price. This is the primary scenario. If the seller absorbs the last buyer's candle and brings the price back into the sideways movement, there is a possibility of retesting the local minimum. The ultimate target on the weekly timeframe remains the same - 121.3.
NYSE:BABA
by AlexeyWolf
BTC simple trading strategy for scalpers using H4Finished bullish Elliot Wave. Sideways should take half of bullishtrend, top of recent bearishtrend, create weak bullish candles or pass resistance and crash down. Can form a triangle pattern. If not, it can do a cup pattern. tip: use a to e waves to know sideways structure end. You can start it from lowest peak and set two more for structure understanding. sideways should take around 25 candles but can reach lower if waves are small and shadows are big. Nothing changes if reaches more.
CRYPTO:BTCUSD
by Ftradorex
MATICUSDT. Trading opportunityA sideways range has formed on 4D TF. The seller's vector has reached the obligatory goal. The buyer has not yet shown strength. I will wait for buyer action to buy. The target could be 1.29. A sideways range has formed on the hourly timeframe. Buyer vector 5-6 has been won back. The seller vector (6-7) is currently relevant. If the seller breaks the 0.7006 level and defends it, then I believe the price could reach 0.6194. I think 0.6194 is a good price to buy.
M
by AlexeyWolf
How to use different timeframesHello traders and investors! Today I'll talk about choosing the right timeframe and how you can use different timeframes when looking for trades. This will help us uncover what is hidden in this candle on the chart. When we look at something, we are usually limited by a certain viewpoint. From this point, we only see part of the whole picture. But if we move and look from a different perspective, we will discover new details and aspects that were previously unnoticed. The same applies to analyzing the chart of a financial instrument when using different types of charts or different timeframes. This post will focus on using different timeframes. On one timeframe, it may be difficult to understand the essence of what is happening, while on another, everything can become clearer and more understandable. I've already talked about using different timeframes when looking for trades in an educational article a few weeks ago (see the related post below). In that article, I highlighted 5 skills that help effectively trade in sideways markets. Discussing the first of them - how to combine higher and lower timeframes when looking for trades, I provided a practical example on the OPUSDT chart using the daily and hourly timeframes. In that practical example, I formulated target levels that are likely to be reached. You can see the results in the related post (see below). I'll provide another example of choosing the right timeframe and the correlation between timeframes, using the BTCUSDT chart. This will help us uncover what is hidden in this candle on the chart. In the update of this idea I noted that on the hourly timeframe at the contextual point of the seller (the beginning of the last seller impulse, level 66867), I didn't see an active seller and wasn't ready to join the sales at that moment. As a potential target, I indicated 62776. So, I looked at the chart on different timeframes and searched for what remains unnoticed. On the 7-minute timeframe, I discovered a sideways movement at the contextual point of the seller (level 66867), as mentioned in the idea update with a recommendation to look for a trade after exiting the sideways movement and protecting this exit: Now, let's analyze what happened next (on the bars chart, as bars take up less space and additional marks are better visible). The seller broke through the lower boundary of the sideways movement at 65626.87. The seller's impulse ended at 10:49 (New York time), when after breaking through the lower boundary of the sideways movement, the first buyer bar appeared. The key candle(bar) of the impulse (the largest volume in the impulse) is marked on the chart as "KC". Therefore, the seller's defense of this candle or the lower boundary of the sideways movement (65626) increases the probability of further price decrease. The price range of the key candle of the impulse is highlighted on the chart (from high to close). Now let's pick a lower timeframe to see more clearly what happened before and after 10:49. On the 1-minute timeframe by 10:49, a sideways movement formed, and at 10:49, the price attacked the upper boundary of the sideways movement (level at point 2). The key candle of the buyer's impulse ("KC" on the chart) is in the middle of the impulse. At 10:59, the buyer attacked a new boundary of the sideways movement (level at point 6 - 65249.01). Pay attention to the volume of the attacking candle. At 11:02, the seller pressed the attack candle, forming a seller zone (red background on the chart). On the buyer's candle at 11:04 (black downward arrow on the chart), you can sell because: On the hourly timeframe, the price is in the seller's impulse in the seller's area of interest, which defended the level 66867. On the 7-minute timeframe, the seller broke through the lower boundary of the sideways movement. On the 1-minute timeframe, the seller defended the level (65249.01) from the buyer's attack on a significant volume, which is within the price range of the key candle of the 7-minute timeframe impulse. And one more interesting point. Look where the seller's resumption on the minute timeframe came from - from the 50% of the key candle of the 7-minute timeframe seller impulse. Could the price, without reaching the target of 62776, go up? Yes, the probability of this event is not zero. And we see how the price did not reach the target by 18 dollars (black upward arrow on the chart) and turned upward. Where did the seller stop it? It stopped right there inside the key candle of the sideways movement exit on the 7-minute timeframe (black downward arrow on the chart). After that, the target of 62776 was reached.
Education
by AlexeyWolf
BTCUSDT. No context for salesHello traders and investors! I've seen several ideas for selling based on different patterns, but I'm not seeing the context for selling just yet. On the daily timeframe, we still have a sideways range. The seller's vector 9-10 has hit the obligatory target, but it hasn't reached the lower boundary of the range at 59005. This lower boundary represents a buyer's area. Selling would be advisable below this boundary if it's defended by the seller. On the hourly timeframe, we also still have a sideways range. The seller's vector 5-6 closed below the lower boundary at 64493. However, the buyer brought the price back into the range and absorbed the key bar of the seller's vector (with the highest volume). The key bar on the chart is marked as "KC." Again, the lower boundary is a buyer's area. Selling would be advisable below this boundary if it's defended by the seller. There are threats to buying at 67929 (the high of the last seller's bar on the daily timeframe). Under certain conditions, I'll be looking for buys with targets at 69000 and 71305.
by AlexeyWolf
ETHUSDT. Medium-term and short-term analysisHello investors and traders! On the weekly timeframe, we have a sideways movement. The current vector is for buyers 8-9. The first target, 3580.34, has been reached by the buyer. The next target (if the buyer surpasses 3580) is 4372. If the weekly bar closes below 3056.56, the likelihood of further price decline will increase. Considering an investment deal would be advisable if the price falls below 2800. On the daily timeframe, we observe a sideways movement, and yesterday the seller played out their vector 7-8 and closed the bar below the boundary of the sideways range, at 3056.56. I am monitoring the actions of the buyer. If they bring the price back into the sideways range (above 3056.56), I will assess their strength and possibly consider buying.
by AlexeyWolf
ORDIUSDT. The seller has reached targets The seller has reached their targets from the previous review - 55.2 and 49. On the daily timeframe, there is a sideways market, and the seller's vector 7-8 has hit all targets. The price touched the lower boundary of the sideways market at 40.685 and showed a bullish reaction. I am observing the actions of the buyer. There is a threat for purchases - the seller's zone with a lower boundary at 51.532 (red background). On the hourly timeframe, there is a downtrend. The beginning of the last seller's impulse is at 54.68. Notice how the buyer cannot overcome 50% of the seller's last impulse (46.84). I will be looking for a selling opportunity from the seller's zone on the daily timeframe. Pay attention to the 5-minute timeframe. There is a sideways market. If the buyer attacks point 4 of the sideways market (49.88) and enters the zone of 51.532 (while on the hourly timeframe, the buyer does not absorb the last seller's bearish bar), and then the seller defends 49.88, we can look for sales to play against the opposite boundary of the 5-timeframe sideways market and possibly update the local minimum.
by AlexeyWolf
AVAXUSDT. Looking for salesHello traders and investors! On the daily timeframe, we observe a sideways trend. The buyer's vector 4-5 has played out. The price is at the upper boundary of the sideways trend, and we can consider looking for sales as an idea to implement the seller's vector 5-6 with the first target at 40.07 (then 34.83, 32.3). After the previous review, we notice a strong resumption of the seller from the upper boundary of the sideways trend at 49.96. I anticipate that the price will test the local minimum of 44.97. On the daily timeframe, we also see a sideways trend. The current seller's vector is 8-9 with the first target at 45.17. It's preferable to look for sales from the upper boundary of the sideways trend on the hourly timeframe, ideally from the seller's protection level at 48.17. Alternatively, look for sales below the level of 44.97 in the absence of buyers there.
Short
by AlexeyWolf
OPUSDT. The seller has reached their goalsIn educational article some week ago, I wrote that most financial instruments spend more than 75% of their time in this sideways market mode. So, knowing how to trade in sideways markets is a important skill for traders and investors. I highlighted 5 skills that help effectively trade in sideways markets. Discussing the first of them - how to combine the higher and lower timeframes when looking for trades, I provided a practical example on the OPUSDT chart using the daily and hourly timeframes. Quote: On the daily TF, we observe sideways movement since December 22, 2023, with the bearish vector (11-12) being relevant. The first target of the bearish vector, 3.119, was reached on March 19, 2024. The second target (2.822) and the third (2.611) remain valid The seller has reached their goals. Currently, the price is below the lower boundary (2.611) of the sideways trend on the daily timeframe. We haven't seen any buyers yet - there's no bullish candle. It is advisable to look for buying opportunities when the buyer brings the price back into the sideways trend. Sales can be sought from the defense of the seller at the level of 2.611.
by AlexeyWolf
AVAUSDT. We have context for both selling and buying. It's an interesting situation. We have context for both selling and buying. On the daily timeframe, there's a sideways movement (upper boundary - 49.96). The price has now returned to it, but the daily candle has not yet closed. If the daily candle closes inside the sideways movement, then we can look for sales, and the bearish vector 5-6 with a target at 32.3 will be relevant. There are two threats for the bears along the way in the form of buyer zones (blue background). The first one is at 48.3, which is currently being interacted with. The second threat is the buyer zone with the upper boundary at 45.18. On the hourly timeframe, the price is at the lower boundary of the sideways movement (48.3). The bearish vector 11-12 has played out. The launch of the bullish vector 12-13 with a target at 61.95 is possible. In summary, the daily and hourly buyer levels coincide (48.3). If the buyer shows itself at this level, then we can consider buying, taking into account the seller zones on the daily chart (red background). If the seller defends the breakout of the level 48.3, then we can consider selling, taking into account the daily buyer zone (upper boundary 45.18), inside which, by the way, lies 50% of the last daily buyer impulse. For a more detailed explanation of how to read charts and consider different timeframes when looking for trades, you can refer to the article
by AlexeyWolf