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Yield Curve Inverts Further on Rising Recession Risk As the tides of economic fortune ebb and flow, a spectre of recession looms over the horizon, whispering in the rustling of Treasury yields and the shifting sands of macroeconomic indicators. Recent economic data has painted a complex tableau of financial uncertainty. From declining PMI figures to a palpable deceleration in GDP growth, the economic forecast has shifted, stirring speculations that Fed may be forced to cut rates should the US economy slip into recession. Uncertainty around the timeline of rate cuts plus a potential looming recession are causing the yield curve to invert once more. Investors can obtain exposure using CME yield futures with a reward to risk ratio of 1.6x. RECESSION SIGNALS ARE FLASHING AGAIN Monetary policy winds are starting to shift once more. Recent economic data, including PMI figures, and a sharply weaker GDP in the US have led participants to increase their expectations that the US Federal Reserve (“Fed”) will have to relent and cut rates in 2024. Source: CME FedWatch Over the past month, probability of a rate cut at 7/Nov policy meeting has increased from 42% to 47%. More notably, the probability of a second rate cut at the 18/December policy remains slightly elevated over the past week at 35%. Typically, rate cuts suggest that the Fed is nearing its dual goals of maximum employment and stable prices. However, current expectations for rate cuts may stem from distinct reasons. Inflation remains persistent. Fed officials remain steadfast in their battle against inflation. But inflation is stalled at 3%. Higher rates are instead starting to impact economic growth. As rates remain high, the odds of an economic slowdown rise. On 4/June, job openings in the US fell to their lowest level in three years. On 31/May, the Chicago PMI indicator fell sharply into what is a recession territory. Q1 GDP was revised lower last month. Weak consumption data from the US has led to expectations that GDP growth during Q2 may remain slow. On a similar note, the household jobs survey showed full-time employment declining by 625k in May while part-time employment rose by just 286k. However, not all jobs’ data was negative. The establishment jobs survey showed strong job creation at 272k far higher than expectations of 182k. Additionally, wage growth was above expectations as weekly average earnings rose 0.4% compared to 0.2% in April. The household survey counts each individual only once, regardless of how many jobs they have. In contrast, the establishment survey counts employees multiple times if they appear on more than one payroll. Many observers have been calling for a recession in the US ever since the Fed raised rates to their highest level in 23 years. Yet the US economy has remained robust. Part of the reason behind the resilience has been the savings cushion that US consumers built up during the pandemic. However, with the strong inflation during the past year, most of that cushion has been spent. Consumers have already started to shift their consumption habits and credit usage (and delinquency) has been on the rise. Credit card delinquencies are at the highest level in more than a decade and personal savings built up during the pandemic have been exhausted. ECONOMIC DATA DRIVES BOND YIELDS LOWER AND RE-INVERTS YIELD CURVE Throughout the past 10 days, economic releases in the US have driven bond yields consistently lower. Recent non-farm payrolls data drove a rally in yields. Economic releases have also driven a decline in the yield spreads resulting in further inversion of the yield curve. Since the release of the PCE price index and Chicago PMI on Friday 30/May, the 10Y-2Y spread has declined by nine basis points. The 30Y-2Y spread has performed the worst since then as it stands ten basis points lower. Further, unlike the uptick in yields following NFP, the yield spreads continued to invert further, especially for the 30Y-2Y and 10Y-2Y spread. HYPOTHETICAL TRADE SETUP Historically, the yield spread between 10-year and 2-year Treasuries tends to normalize by the time a recession officially hits the US. Based on current trends, a recession, as indicated by GDP metrics, might not occur until early next year. Currently, the yield curve is deeply inverted, and recession signals are intensifying. Moreover, the possibility of a rate cut remains uncertain. This ongoing uncertainty about the policy direction is further exacerbating the inversion of the 10Y-2Y spread. Another factor to consider is the upcoming US elections. As the Fed strives to remain an independent authority, they may opt to avoid major policy moves before elections are concluded. This week is set to bring several key economic updates, including the May CPI report and the Federal Reserve's revised economic projections. These projections are expected to reveal that rate cuts, previously anticipated for 2024, might be delayed further. The volatility in economic data has made it challenging to assess the yield trends. Despite a general rise in yields, the yield curve continues to invert, particularly the 30Y-2Y spread, which has been the most adversely affected. This reflects ongoing investor concerns about long-term Treasuries as expectations for rate cuts are pushed further into the future. Source: CME CurveWatch Investors can obtain exposure to a further inversion in the 30Y-2Y spread using CME Yield futures. CME Yield futures are quoted directly in yield with a one basis point change in the yield representing a P&L of USD 10. As yield futures across various maturities represent the same notional, spread P&L calculations are equally intuitive with a one basis point change in the spread between two separate maturities also equal to USD 10. The hypothetical trade setup using the 30Y-2Y spread is described below. • Entry: -36.5 basis points (bps) • Target: -50 bps • Stop Loss: -28 bps • Profit at Target: USD 135 (13.5 bps x USD 10) • Loss at Stop: USD 85 (8.5 bps x USD 10) • Reward to Risk: 1.59x MARKET DATA CME Real-time Market Data helps identify trading set-ups and express market views better. If you have futures in your trading portfolio, you can check out on CME Group data plans available that suit your trading needs www.tradingview.com DISCLAIMER This case study is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment recommendations or advice. Nor are they used to promote any specific products, or services. Trading or investment ideas cited here are for illustration only, as an integral part of a case study to demonstrate the fundamental concepts in risk management or trading under the market scenarios being discussed. Please read the FULL DISCLAIMER the link to which is provided in our profile description.
CBOT_MINI:30Y1!Short
by mintdotfinance
Long 10Y, Short 2Y on Yield Curve NormalisationWorld's most important and the largest financial market is the US Treasury. Annual issuance of U.S. Treasuries has exploded. A record USD 23 trillion of treasuries were issued in 2023. This market is experiencing gradual but notable shifts due to the Federal Reserve (Fed) recent tapering of quantitative tightening and the Treasury buyback. Collective impact has led to demand divergence across different maturities. The yield curve starting to normalize once more. Economic outlook impacts the yield curve. Not only that, the Fed’s quantitative tightening (“QT”) campaign also has an enormous influence. At its most recent FOMC meeting, Chair Jerome Powell stated that the Fed would start to slow its balance sheet runoff. The runoff results in supply contraction enabling greater demand for long-term treasuries and a subsequent yield curve normalization. Runoff refers to the reduction in Fed’s balance sheet as they opt to let their treasury holdings mature without renewing them. This activity leads to a supply contraction. RECENT HAWKISH FED MEETING CAME WITH A CAVEAT Since 2022, the Fed has been engaged in a QT campaign. Raising rates is its primary tool. Balance Sheet reduction is an additional strategy to manage monetary environment. The Fed first announced that it would start to reduce holdings of US treasuries at a fixed pace at its May 2022 meeting. The pace of reduction accelerated as Fed stepped up QT. Treasury runoff has continued at a fixed pace since then. At the April FOMC meeting, Fed announced its decision to slowdown the runoff. In other words, Fed would start to let treasuries to mature at a slower pace. Starting from the first of June, the Fed will decrease the maximum amount of treasuries that can mature without being replaced from USD 60 billion per month to USD 25 billion. Fed’s outlook on rate cuts was hawkish. But its resolve to taper runoff is dovish signalling the Fed’s end of QT campaign through balance sheet reduction. Treasury runoff tapering impact will be noticed additional liquidity before rate cuts arrive. HOLDINGS & RUN-OFF IS AIMED AT LONG-TERM TREASURIES Fed’s QT via treasury holdings is implemented through the non-renewal of existing holdings. Crucially, the impact of letting treasuries mature is more pronounced on long-term treasuries than short term ones. As short-term treasuries mature more often, the impact of this run-off on near-term treasury demand is limited. In contrast, the impact on long-dated expiries is more pronounced. Analysing the cumulative run-off since May 2022, the largest impact on long-term treasuries has been on 5 to 10 years category which consists primarily of 10-Year notes. This run-off has been particularly high over the last few months. On the contrary, the holdings of 10+ year treasuries have increased. Source – Federal Reserve TAPERING RUNOFF SUGGESTS IMPROVEMENT IN LONG-TERM TREASURY DEMAND Impact on benchmark 10-Year treasuries will be most pronounced as the Fed moves to slow the pace of its runoff. Longer maturities have lagged near-term ones at recent auctions. It was most apparent at the latest auctions. The 10-Year treasury auction raised USD 42B, that is far higher than the average over the last twelve auctions at USD 31B. While the bid-to-cover was higher than the previous auction in April, it was below the average over the last twelve auctions. Indirect bidding was below average at 65.5%. Overall, this suggests an unimpressive result. In sharp contrast, 3-Year treasury auction showed strong demand. It raised USD 58B, the highest since 2021. Bid-to-cover was higher than the last auction. Non-dealer bidding was also above average at 85.1% (81.7% average). Similarly, the Treasury 5-Year auction raised USD 70B with an above average non-dealer bidding. Both 3-Year and 5-Year auction results were much stronger. As observed through the CME TreasuryWatch Tool , the demand for 2-year treasuries has been noticeably higher, as suggested by the bid-to-cover ratios, compared to 10-year and 30-year treasuries. Source – CME TreasuryWatch FED’S TAPERING TO FUEL 10Y SPREAD TO OUTPERFORM 5Y SPREAD Yield curve is normalizing once more following the decline in the 10Y-2Y spread at the start of 2024. This trend is likely to continue as yields for longer dated maturities rise higher than near-term maturities. Mint Finance highlighted previously that the 5Y-2Y spread is likely to outperform the 10Y-2Y spread. However, as Fed starts to taper its balance sheet run-off, the impact is likely to be felt strongest at the 10Y maturity allowing demand for these treasuries to rise once more. HYPOTHETICAL TRADE SETUP Fed’s balance sheet runoff slowdown and the underperformance of the 10Y-2Y spread relative to the 5Y-2Y spread, the 10Y-2Y spread has potential outperform in the near term as the yield curve turns to normalcy. To harness gains from this normalization, investors can opt to execute a spread trade consisting of Yield futures. CME Yield futures are quoted directly in yield with a one basis point change in the yield representing a P&L of USD 10. As yield futures across various maturities represent the same notional, spread P&L calculations are equally intuitive with a one basis point change in the spread between two separate maturities also adding up to a P&L of USD 10. • Entry: -32.3 basis points • Target: -28.3 basis points • Stop Loss: -35.3 basis points • Profit at Target: USD 400 • Loss at Stop: USD 300 • Reward to Risk: 1.3x MARKET DATA CME Real-time Market Data helps identify trading set-ups and express market views better. If you have futures in your trading portfolio, you can check out on CME Group data plans available that suit your trading needs www.tradingview.com DISCLAIMER This case study is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment recommendations or advice. Nor are they used to promote any specific products, or services. Trading or investment ideas cited here are for illustration only, as an integral part of a case study to demonstrate the fundamental concepts in risk management or trading under the market scenarios being discussed. Please read the FULL DISCLAIMER the link to which is provided in our profile description.
CBOT_MINI:10Y1!Long
by mintdotfinance
US treausires are showing bullish patternTreasuries are trying to recover after making some nice and deep pullback in last few months as FED decided to wait on more economic data before they may finally cut rates. The pattern on 10 year US notes is looking bullish here after that impulse up since Novemeber, seen as wave (A), so obviously this tells us in which direction market can move after a retracement. Probably up! Well, this retracement in three waves is already visible on the charts below, so speculators can be positioned for more upside into wave (C) in months ahead, especially if FED is really going to cut rates this year, and if maybe NFP data finally disappoints this Friday. In such case, I think metals can explode, while the dollar sells off. Speculation for BOJ rate change in March and possibly"hawkish" ECB tomorrow (compared to FED) can help the dollar to be sold IMO. The only concern is risk-off, but bearish dollar/ bullish stocks correlation hasn't been there for a while anyway. Hope you love the analysis. GH
CBOT:ZN1!Long
by ew-forecast
What Next For The Inverted Yield Curve?Markets are notorious for exaggerated expectations. They sense a tiger when all they see is a cat. Expectations on rate cuts have been no different. Despite the Fed’s speak on measured changes to policy rates, markets got ahead of themselves since late last year. Markets are now starting to align their expectations with reality. US economic data from January stands in stark contrast to December readings. Nonfarm payrolls and CPI are higher than expectations. A resilient economy and rebound in inflation have pushed expectations of rate cuts to much later this year. According to the CME Group FedWatch tool, the probability of a rate cut at the March FOMC policy meeting dropped from 73% on 29 Dec 2023 to merely 8.5% as of 19 Feb 2024. First rate cut is now expected at the 12 June policy meeting this year. Markets are now pricing four rate cuts instead of six cuts as previously anticipated. Shift in rate cut expectations has led to a rebound in US treasury bond yields. This paper delves into the factors behind the shift in rate expectations. The paper also analyses a hypothetical trade setup using CME Group Yield futures that investors can deploy to harness gains from revised policy path ahead. RATE CUT EXPECTATIONS IS BECOMING MORE ROOTED IN REALITY NOW A stream of recent economic data from the US has pointed to a stronger economy and a rebound in inflation, causing rate cut expectations to shift. January nonfarm payrolls report showed 353k jobs added, exceeding expectations of 333k and the largest build since January 2023. January CPI report showed annual CPI growth slow from its pace of 3.4% in December 2023 to 3.1% in Jan 2024 but still hotter than analyst expectations of 2.9%. Core CPI was another concern as it stood unchanged at 3.9%. On a monthly basis, CPI jumped 0.3% MoM. 0.6% MoM increase in rent prices and 0.4% increase in food prices were behind the monthly increase. On the positive front, PPI fell 0.1% MoM in January, with goods prices 0.4% lower. PPI is just 1% higher YoY against an estimate of +1.3% estimate. January Retail Sales fell sharply by 0.8% MoM in January. December growth was revised lower from +0.6% to +0.4%. This is expected to lead to a lower GDP growth in Q1. GDPNow model from the Atlanta Fed predicts 2.9% growth in Q1, compared to 3.4% before the release. As a result of the broadly stronger data and higher inflation, expectations of rate cuts at the 20/March FOMC meeting have fallen from their peak of 74% on 29 December 2023 to 8.5% as of 19 February 2024. Expectations for a rate cut by May have also been scaled back. As of 14 Feb 2024, there is just 35% probability of a rate cut at the 01 May FOMC meeting as well. Source: CME Group FedWatch FedWatch indicates 50% probability of a rate cut for the meeting on 12 June 2024, which is up from 40% a week ago. Source: CME Group FedWatch The increase reflects the recent retail sales and jobless claims data that was stronger than expected. Both have led to a pullback in bond yields from their 2024 highs. Source: CME Group FedWatch The CME Group FedWatch tool indicates expectations of four rate cuts in 2024 as of 18/Feb down from six cuts at the start of the year. The expectations around rate cuts have also shifted in Fed’s messaging. Atlanta Fed President Raphael Bostic stated that the Federal reserve does not face any urgency in cutting rates due to the current strength in the US economy. Dallas Fed President, Lorie Logan, shares similar sentiments . Fed Chair Powell echoed the same message. Powell stated the Fed won’t cut rates until it has greater confidence that inflation is moving sustainably to its target. Specifically, he mentioned that a rate cut was unlikely by March. In an interview with “60 Minutes”, Powell suggested that Fed’s base case scenario of 75 basis points of rate cuts in 2024 was unchanged. As a result of delayed rate cuts expectations, US treasury yields have rebounded. FOMC MINUTES TO REITERATE HAWKISH POSTURE Strong economic data and inflation numbers coming in hotter than expected will keep the Fed hawkish in the near term. How long will be anybody's guess? On 21/Feb (Wed), minutes of the FOMC January meeting will be published. Expectations are for Fed to reiterate its hawkish posture. In anticipation, the 2-year yield futures are up forty-nine basis points (bps) to close at 4.601% as of 16/Feb (compared to 4.112% close of markets on 1/Feb). Meanwhile, during the same period, the 10-year yield futures jumped forty-five bps to close at 4.295% as of close of markets on 16/Feb. Taking directional views on the 2-year or the 10-year yields can be difficult when rate expectations are already baked into the yields. Directional views expose the trade to large downside risks vastly reducing reward-to-risk ratio. In sharp contrast, spread trades enables trades to lock in gains while minimizing downside risks. This paper illustrates a hypothetical treasury spread trade below. HYPOTHETICAL 10Y-2Y TREASURY SPREAD TRADE Portfolio managers can better harvest gains from rate moves by trading the closely monitored US Treasury yield spread measuring the gap between yields on 2-year & 10-year Treasury notes. FOMC minutes reiterating a hawkish posture will invert the yield curve even more. To help traders monitor this spread, the CME Group publishes a Micro Treasury CurveWatch tool which shows daily, weekly, and monthly changes in yields and major yield spreads. Source: Micro Treasury CurveWatch tool Portfolio managers can express this view by taking a short position in the CME Group 10-Year Yield Futures (10YG4) and a long position in the CME Group 2-Year Yield Futures (2YYG4). ● Entry: -0.2790 (27.9 bps; enter the spread trade when 10YG4 minus 2YYG4 is -0.2790 bps) ● Target Exit: -0.3690 (36.9 bps) ● Stop Loss: -0.2250 (22.5 bps) ● Profit at Target: USD 90 (9 bps x USD 10) ● Loss at Stop: USD 54 (5.4 bps x USD 10) ● Reward to Risk: 1.66x MARKET DATA CME Real-time Market Data helps identify trading set-ups and express market views better. If you have futures in your trading portfolio, you can check out on CME Group data plans available that suit your trading needs www.tradingview.com DISCLAIMER This case study is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment recommendations or advice. Nor are they used to promote any specific products, or services. Trading or investment ideas cited here are for illustration only, as an integral part of a case study to demonstrate the fundamental concepts in risk management or trading under the market scenarios being discussed. Please read the FULL DISCLAIMER the link to which is provided in our profile description.
CBOT_MINI:10Y1!Short
by mintdotfinance
TLT: Falling Wedge Double Bottom at .382 with Bullish DivergenceThe TLT looks like it's trying to form a Double Bottom at the 0.382 Fibonacci Retracement, it is also Bullishly Diverging at this level, if it holds up I think it could go up to as high as $96 near the 200-period Simple Moving Average which would also fill the gap. From there I'd think it could continue back down. I will be selling weekly puts around the lower 90 strike and buying weekly calls at the same level.
NASDAQ:TLTLong
by RizeSenpai
Macro Monday 30~U.S. Net Treasury International Capital FlowsMacro Monday 30 U.S. Net Treasury International Capital Flows In essence the U.S. Net Treasury International Capital Flows (US TIC Flows) refer to the movement of funds into or out of the United States through the purchase or sale of U.S. Treasury securities by foreign investors and governments. These flows of capital are an essential component of the overall balance of payments, reflecting the financial transactions between the United States and the rest of the world. What does the data represent exactly? The U.S. Treasury International Capital (TIC) system is compiled by the U.S. Department of the Treasury and provides information on cross-border financial transactions. The TIC data include details on purchases and sales of various U.S. financial assets and liabilities, such as Treasury securities, corporate bonds, equities, and banking flows. In simple terms the Foreign Purchases of U.S. Securities (inflows) are taken away from the U.S. Purchases of Foreign Securities (outflows) to present a overall net figure. The net result of these two components determines whether there is a net inflow or outflow of capital. What are the drivers of positive & negative flows? Positive Flows (>0 on chart) POSITIVE FLOWS in U.S Net Treasury International Capital result from factors such as attractive U.S. interest rates, a stable domestic economy, and global uncertainty that drives foreign investors to seek the safety of U.S. Treasury securities. During these periods, there is a net inflow of capital into the United States pressing the number higher above zero. Negative Flows (<0 on chart) Conversely, NEGATIVE FLOWS occur when other countries offer higher returns, there are concerns about the U.S. economic outlook, or global risk aversion prompts investors to repatriate funds. Exchange rate movements also play a role, as a stronger U.S. dollar can make U.S. assets less appealing. The interplay of the above mentioned factors influences the direction of international capital flows, which impacts the balance of purchases and sales of U.S. Treasury securities by foreign and domestic investor. Now that we have a general sense of what’s driving the data, and what makes an overall net positive and or net negative flow, let’s have a look at the chart. The Chart ✅ Since Jan 2019 there has been an upward trend in Treasury Inflows into the U.S (Black Arrow). ❌This upward trend had one sudden interruption causing a decline from Mar - May 2023 going from positive inflows of $114B to negative outflows of $159.4B, the timing of which coincided with the 2023 U.S Banking Crisis where three small-to-mid size U.S. banks failed. ✅ Since the Banking Crisis in May 2023 Treasury Capital flows have moved from overall negative outflows of $159.4B to overall positive inflows of $260.2B. A major turn around and reversion to the long term trend. ✅The recent surge in positive inflows to $260.2B are the highest recorded since August 2022 ($275B) In summary inflows to U.S Treasuries have been in an general uptrend since January 2019 with one brief interruption from Mar – May 2023 and inflows have increased significantly in recent months and look like they may be about to take out the Aug 2022 highs. Recession Patterns 1. More isolated recessions that were not globally systemic events led to positive net inflows into the U.S. Treasury however larger global events led to outflows from U.S. Treasuries, particularly if those global events involved the U.S. engaging in foreign conflicts. ▫️ During the DotCom Crash (No. 3 on the chart) – The tech sector was badly hit but it was not necessarily a global recession with the associated geopolitical turmoil. Foreign investors sought safety in the U.S. Treasury Market during this time. ▫️ Similarly during the brief Gulf War Recession (No. 4 on the chart) you can see that initially, there was increased net inflows however in Jan 1991 inflows sharply turned to outflows which coincided with the U.S. led invasion of Kuwait (a response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait). This was considered a global event and thus led to an exodus of outflows and repatriation of funds from the U.S Treasury Market. ▫️ More recently during the Great Financial Crisis (no. 2 on the chart) and the COVID-19 Crash (No. 1 on the chart) there was a significant outflow from U.S. Treasuries due to the magnitude of these global events. You can imagine foreign market participants clawing funds back into their respective countries to batten the hatches and get into a defensive financial position with global systemic risks high. Better to have a bird in the hand than two in the bush when the bush is on fire. ▫️One other pattern worth mentioning is highlighted in yellow on the chart with an A, B and C. Prior to the Great Financial Crisis and COVID-19 crashes we first had a reduction in overall U.S. Net Treasuries of $373B (A on chart) and $393B (B on chart), respectively. Within 13 to 16 months of both treasure drawdowns we had a recession. We recently had a drop of $437B (C on chart) which ended in May 2023. If history repeats and we had a recession within 13-16 months of this happening, this would be sometime between June and Sept 2024. An alternative view would be that the increase in declines from $373B (A) to $393B (B) to $437B (C) may correspond with the shortening timeframes from 16 months(A) to 13 months(B) to potentially 10 months(C) for the current $437B drop (C on the chart). This would suggest March/April 2024 as a potential recession timeframe (based on the historic reductive time pattern). The U.S. Net Treasury International Capital Flows is a fascinating chart to keep an eye on and should be added to the economic data armory as it will help us interpret what is really going on in the treasury market (there is a lot of false narratives out there ATM). It is also useful in informing us on what the global perspective is in terms of systemic risk vs isolated risk, and also from a historic recessionary standpoint offers value. The best investors in the world call the bond market the market of truth but I have found it hard to find a chart that illustrates this through a global lens UNTIL today. This chart captures that beautifully. Thanks for coming along again PUKA
ECONOMICS:USCFLong
by PukaCharts
GBP/USD edges lower on soft UK retail salesThe British pound is trading lower on Friday. In the European session, GBP/USD is trading at 1.2381, down 0.27%. The pound has shown sharp swings this week, notably a 1.78% jump on Tuesday after US inflation was weaker than expected, sending the US dollar sharply lower against the majors. The pound is up 1.28% this week. UK retail sales were expected to bounce back in October, after a revised decline of 1.1% m/m in September. Instead, retail sales declined by 0.3% m/m, missing the market consensus of 0.3%. This was the third decline in four months. Fuel sales were down and consumers are being more cautious in their spending. The wet weather has also dampened consumer spending. On a yearly basis, retail sales slid by 2.7%, down from a revised 1.3% and much weaker than the market consensus of -1.5%. This marked a 19th straight decline, pointing to a dismal picture of consumer spending which could result in a contraction in fourth-quarter GDP. Consumer confidence remains deeply pessimistic, as high interest rates and high inflation continue to batter consumers. Inflation has fallen to a two-year low of 4.6%, but consumers continue to see higher and higher prices, which has put a damper on consumer spending. In the US, the latest economic data points to a gradual slowdown, as seen in this week's inflation and retail sales prints. Thursday's unemployment claims were further evidence of this trend, with claims rising to a three-month high at 231,000. US Treasury yields fell on Thursday to 4.45%, down from 4.53%, as speculation continues to rise that the Fed has ended or is very close to ending the current rate-tightening cycle. There are hopes for a soft landing for the US economy, as inflation is falling while growth remains strong, which is the so-called Goldilocks scenario. GBP/USD is putting pressure on support at 1.2374. Below, there is support at 1.2312 1.2476 and 1.2522 are the next resistance lines
by OANDA
British pound gets lift as Fed and BoE pausesThe British pound has posted strong gains on Thursday. In the European session, GBP/USD is trading at 1.2216, up 0.54%. Bank of England pauses The Bank of England voted to maintain interest rates at 5.25% at today's meeting. The pauses follow 14 straight rate increases in the current tightening cycle which began in December 2021. The move indicates that the MPC is sticking to the "Table Mountain" approach, which is essentially a "higher for longer" stance that keeps rates at elevated levels until the BoE is confident that inflation will fall back to the 2% target. The MPC vote was 6-3, with the majority favoring a pause and three members voting to hike rates by a quarter-point. At the September meeting, the vote to pause was 5-4. The division within the MPC indicates that members remain divided over policy, which will make it difficult for Governor Bailey to present a clear path moving forward. The BoE revised inflation projections slightly higher and the statement noted that the BoE stood ready to raise rates if it sees "more persistent inflationary pressures". The markets are hoping that the back-to-back pauses mark the end of the current rate-tightening cycle, but rate cuts aren't expected until late in 2024. Governor Bailey said after the meeting that higher interest rates had pushed inflation lower but it was "much too early to be thinking about rate cuts." US dollar dips after Fed pause The Federal Reserve held rates for a second straight time on Wednesday. The Fed reiterated that rate hikes remained on the table, but acknowledged that "tighter financial and credit conditions" were weighing on inflation. This was likely a reference to the recent rise in US Treasuries, which has increased borrowing costs and could push inflation lower without the Fed having to raise rates. If Powell was trying to sound hawkish, the markets weren't buying it. Future markets have priced in another pause in December and expectations are that the Fed is done with hiking, despite Powell's assertion to the contrary. The US dollar is down against all of the majors and US stock markets were strongly higher on Wednesday. . GBP/USD Technical GBP/USD is testing resistance at 1.2175. Above, there is resistance at 1.2251 There is support at 1.2068 and 1.2032
by OANDA
Gold vs. U.S. TreasuriesThe rest of the world is no longer accepting U.S. policymakers being fiscally irresponsible. China has started dumping U.S. treasuries. Other countries like following suit or are going to. Unless U.S. Politicians prove they are willing to reduce expenditures and shrink the deficit, the world is not going to be buying U.S. debt. They are stockpiling Gold until a new risk-free asset can be decided by the open market. The U.S. politicians got greedy and sadly, the American people are going to have to pay for their mistakes.
OANDA:XAUUSD
by jfzh6mxnc
3x Inverse TLT ETF: Breaking Out of Descending Broadening WedgeThe Inverse ETF for the 20-Year US Government Bond is currently breaking out of a Descending Broadening Wedge and is looking to go much higher perhaps between the 61.8% and 78.6% retraces which would be about a 500-1,400% percentage gain which also means that longer end bond yields are going much higher. I previously said I would repost this chart after the split so that the numbers would be accurate, and now that split has happened. I have my eyes on the $36 to hold and am currently looking to get some calls for that strike price expiring next year. It's worth noting the Partial-Decline we got before breaking out of the Broadening wedge, which makes it more likely to play out.
AMEX:TMVLong
by RizeSenpai
2
T-Bonds (US 30 yr); Wait for it!If it walks like a duck and it quacks like a duck ... But wait for it! In reality the Inflation-Deflation pendulum is already past mid-swing, towards the later (by most meaningful measures). Incidentally, most institutions and central banks are piled in at the short end of the curve and one could sell them anything going out past 3 years, for anything. That, in itself, ought to serve as a warning. (Yeah, they are known to be dead wrong, especially when it really matters.) Add in (or don't!) the A.I.+ automation related speculative bonanza about long term deflationary pressures and the case would get even stronger for rates to peak at these levels. Wait for signs of a reversal, though. p.s. The only thing that goes up in a market crash is correlation! (I.e., T-Bonds alone will not save anyone.)
CBOT:ZB1!
by Nemo_Confidat
Increasing The DXY Profit Target to $154 From $103The DXY after catching a rally off a 4-Hour Bullish Butterfly, has reached my price target of $103, and if it gets above that zone, then I think the DXY will have plenty of room to make multi-decade highs due to The High Interest Rates, Tightening Credit Conditions, and The Deflation that is now being priced into the US Bond Market. If things go as expected beyond the $103 zone, we will likely have entered into a Harmonic Wave Structure that should take us up to the Macro 0.886 Fibonacci Retrace which sits all the way up at $154 The RSI and PPO are both sitting at the mid point which is an area where it can often go just to reset before making higher highs in price.
TVC:DXYLong
by RizeSenpai
Harvesting Risk Hedged Treasury YieldEver heard of risk-free rates? Risk free rates are commonly understood to refer to interest rates on 10-year US treasuries. These are considered risk-free as the likelihood of the US government defaulting is considered extremely unlikely. Treasuries pay out a fixed interest and can be redeemed for their face value at maturity. Fixed returns and negligible default risk make treasuries a critical addition to any decent investment portfolio. With inflation on the downtrend and Fed’s hiking cycle nearing its apex, long term treasuries provide a fixed income-generating asset with no reinvestment risk. Little default risk does not mean zero market risk. As highlighted in our previous paper , bond prices are materially exposed to interest rate risk. CME Group’s treasury futures allow investors to hedge that risk. This paper has been split into two parts – the first provides an overview of treasury futures and their nuances while the second walks through the trade setup required to harness risk-hedged yield. TREASURY FUTURES Treasury futures enable investors to express views on a bond’s future price movement. Investors can also hedge against interest rate risk by locking in a coupon rate. CME treasury futures are deliverable with eligible treasury securities which ensures price integrity. QUOTING Treasuries are quoted in fractional notation as a percent of their par value. For instance, a bond quoted at 111’272 suggests that it is trading 11 + 27.2/32 (11.85%) above its par value. This allows standardized quotation of bonds with different coupon rates. Note that notion of quotes in cash markets may be different from futures. AUCTION SCHEDULE Treasuries are auctioned periodically depending on their maturity duration. • Treasury Bills with maturity between 4 to 26 weeks are auctioned every week while T-Bills with maturity of 1-year are auctioned every four weeks. • Treasury Notes with maturity of 2, 3, 5, and 7 years are auctioned every month while T-Notes with maturity of 10-years are auctioned every quarter. • Treasury Bonds are auctioned every quarter. The auctions for each type of security are staggered to reduce their market impact. CONVERSION FACTOR It is possible for a large range of “eligible” treasuries to be available for deliveries against standardised futures contract as new treasuries are regularly auctioned at changing rates. The most recently auctioned securities that are eligible for delivery are called “on the run” securities. To standardize the delivery process for varying securities, a conversion factor unique to each bond is used. The buyer of the futures contract would pay the Principal Invoice Price to the seller. The Principal Invoice Price is the “Clean Price” of the security and is calculated by applying the Conversion Factor to the settlement price. When the Conversion Factor is less than 1, the buyer pays less than the settlement price and when it is higher than 1 the buyer pays more. ACCRUED INTEREST In addition to the adjustment for the quality of the bond being delivered, the buyer must also compensate the seller for any interest the bond would accrue between the last payment and the settlement date. The final cost to deliver the treasury futures contract would be the Clean Price + Accrued Interest. CHEAPEST TO DELIVER Due to the Conversion Factor, which is unique to each bond, some bonds appear to stand out as cheaper alternative for the seller to deliver. So, if a seller has multiple treasury securities, a rational seller will choose to deliver the one that best optimizes the Principal Invoice Price. As a result, futures price most closely tracks the Cheapest-to-Deliver ("CTD”) securities. This also provides an arbitrage opportunity for basis traders. In this case, the basis is the relationship between the cash price of the security and its clean price on the futures market. Small discrepancies in these may be profited upon. Notably, specialized contracts such as CME Ultra 10-year Treasury Note futures with selective eligibility requirements diminish the effects of CTD by reducing the range of deliverable treasuries. HEDGING BOND PRICE RISK WITH TREASURY FUTURES Treasury securities are a crucial and substantial addition to any well diversified portfolio, offering income generation, diversification, and safety. With interest rates elevated and inflation heading lower, coupon rates for long-term US treasuries are yielding positive real returns. Moreover, 10Y yield is hovering at its highest level in 13-years suggesting a strong entry point. Since the coupon rate of the security is fixed and they can be redeemed at face value upon maturity, the present higher yielding treasuries are a great long-term income generating investment. Despite the inverted yield curve, which suggests yields on longer-term securities are lower, a position in long-term bonds protects against reinvestment risk. Reinvestment risk refers to the risk that when the bond matures, rates may be lower. With Fed at the apex of its hiking cycle, rates will likely not go any higher. So, a position in long term T-bond, locked in at the current decade-high rates, offers a lucrative opportunity. The position also benefits in the uncertain scenario of a recession as bond prices rise during recessions. This investment fundamentally represents a long treasury bond position which profits in two ways: (a) Rising bond prices when interest rates decline, and (b) Coupon payments. If the coupon payout is unimportant, fluctuations in the bond price can be profited upon in a margin efficient manner using CME futures. This does not require owning treasuries as the majority of the treasury futures are cash settled with just 5% reaching delivery. In the fixed income case, the bond is held until maturity which leads to opportunity costs from bond price fluctuations. CME futures can be used to harvest a fixed yield from treasuries and remain agnostic to rate changes, by hedging the long treasury position with a short treasury futures position. This position is directionally neutral as losses on one of the legs are offset by profits on the other. The payoff can be improved by entering the short leg after bond prices are higher. To hedge treasury exposure using CME futures the Basis Point Value (BPV) needs to be calculated. BPV, also known as DV01, measures the dollar value of a one basis point (0.01%) change in bond yield. BPV depends upon the bond’s yield to maturity, coupon rate, credit rating and face value. Notably, BPV for longer maturity bonds is higher as their future cashflows are affected more by changes in yield. Another commonly used term is modified duration which determines the changes in a bond’s duration or price basis of a 1% change in yield. Importantly, the modified duration of the bond is lower than 100 BPV’s since the bond price relationship to yield is non-linear. BPV can be calculated by averaging the absolute change in the bond’s yield-to-maturity, its value when held until maturity, from a 0.01% increase and decrease in yield. Where there are multiple bonds in a portfolio, the BPV for a unit exposure will have to be multiplied by the number of units. On the futures side, BPV can be calculated as the BPV of the cheapest to deliver security for that contract divided by its conversion factor. By matching the BPV’s on both legs, the hedge ratio can be calculated. This represents the number of contracts needed to entirely hedge the cash position. SUMMARY OVERVIEW OF CME TREASURY FUTURES CME suite of treasury futures allow investors to gain exposure to treasury securities across a range of expiries in a deeply liquid market. Each futures contract provides exposure to face value of USD 100,000. The 2-Year, 5-Year, and 10-Year contract are particularly liquid. Micro Treasury Futures are more intuitive as they are quoted in yields and are cash settled. Each basis point change in yield represents a USD 10 change in notional value. These products reference yields of on-the-run treasuries and settled daily to BrokerTec US Treasury benchmarks ensuring price integrity and consistency. Micro Treasury Futures are available for 2Y, 5Y, 10Y, and 30Y maturities enabling traders to take positions across the yield curve with low margin requirements. TRADE SETUP TO HARVEST RISK HEDGED TREASURY YIELDS A long position in the on-the-run 10Y treasury notes and a short position in CME Ultra 10Y futures allows investors to benefit from the treasury bond’s high coupon payment while remaining hedged against interest rate risk. Hedge ratios can be calculated using analytical information from CME’s Treasury Analytics Tool to obtain the BPV of each of the legs: The on-the-run treasury pays a coupon rate of 3.375% pa. and its last quoted cash price was USD 98.04. It has a DV01 of USD 76.8. Since, each contract of CME Treasury Futures represents face value of USD 100,000, the long-treasury position would need to be in multiples of USD 100,000. For a face value of USD 500,000 (USD 100,000 x 5) this represents a notional value of USD 490,000 (Face Value x Cash Price) . The long-treasury position's DV01 = USD 76.8 x 5 = USD 385. The cheapest-to-deliver security has a DV01 of USD 92.2 and a conversion factor of 0.8244. The futures leg thus has a BPV = Cash DV01/Conversion Factor = USD 92.2/0.8244 = USD 111.8. The hedge ratio = BPV of Long Treasury/BPV of Short Futures = USD 385/USD 111 = ~4 (3.4) So, four (4) lots of futures would be required to hedge the cash position which would require a margin of USD 2,800 x 4 = USD 11,200. Though the notional on the two legs does not match, the position is hedged against interest rate risk and pays out 3.375% per annum in coupon payments. MARKET DATA CME Real-time Market Data helps identify trading set-ups and express market views better. If you have futures in your trading portfolio, you can check out on CME Group data plans available that suit your trading needs www.tradingview.com DISCLAIMER This case study is for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment recommendations or advice. Nor are they used to promote any specific products, or services. Trading or investment ideas cited here are for illustration only, as an integral part of a case study to demonstrate the fundamental concepts in risk management or trading under the market scenarios being discussed. Please read the FULL DISCLAIMER the link to which is provided in our profile description.
TVC:US10YEducation
by mintdotfinance
1
US 10-Year Notes - LONGI've been loading on these like crazy, all day long. Yields have peaked, by any measure. Also, the inevitable - continuous - U$D buying can't help but push these higher. The Yuan/Rubble based trade, while present, is miniscule and capital isn't exactly flowing into mainland China. No one trusts the Chinese and the Russo-Chinese alliance is about as stable as a floating dice game. Hence, the Chinese central Bank's insane gold buying spree despite which gold prices couldn't muster more than an intra-day all time high, lasting all of 5 minutes. All U$D, all day long.
CBOT:ZN1!Long
by Nemo_Confidat
🪙 Gold (US$ / OZ) | Wednesday 31/5/2023 🪙Gold (US$ / OZ) | Wednesday 31/5/2023 | Ethan Smythe Fundemetal Gold prices rose higher at market open on Tuesday in response to a fall in US Treasury Yields following Washington's push to raise the US debt ceiling. This development sparked optimism with respect to recent fears of a US debt default on Tuesday. Congress now has up until June the 5th to consolidate this policy which still presents a degree of uncertainty as to whether this outcome will be met. Joe Biden went on to express his confidence and reassurance to markets that the debt will bill gets passed by the Senate. So what's the verdict? We anticipate that should the bill get passed we could see US yields continue to fall putting further upward pressure on gold throughout the remainder of the year. Technical From a technical standpoint, gold is currently trading at the bottom of its monthly upward channel and appears to be showing significant signs of strength. This strength appears to be the result of previously mentioned fundamental drivers. As of now, gold is testing the 200 MA, if we can get a clear break of the 200 MA and find support above this key level we should expect to see price raid the $2000 level. Provided this outcome does in fact occurs we further anticipate significant resistance at the $2000 level as buyers begin to realize gains. This would be an optimal level to set a profit target on any longs taken on the break of the 200MA. After price has begun to settle and the bulk of profit-taking has occurred we expect buyers to accumulate and break the $2000 level. If the price finds support above $2000 and breaks its previous ATH we expect gold to try and reach the top of its channel at around $2100.
TVC:GOLDLong
by Doxbin
US 10 Year Yield On The Cusp of Breaking DownThe 10 Year Yield has been trying to hold this B point level as Support for the longest time but everytime it tries to bounce it gets pushed right back down and in the most recent try we saw it come up to test the moving averages while it Bearishly Diverged and began a Death Cross. If we can get a serious BAMM Breakdown from here it coulkd go down all the way to 1.4% which would likely coincide with a huge decline in the DXY and a rise in the stock market.
TVC:US10YShort
by RizeSenpai
1
Weekly U.S. Treasuries Analysis (Week 07/2023)First Thing First: This analysis is for “general overview only” as it is solely based on price action. That’s why it is called momentum analysis in the first place. Support/Resistant, Volume Macro view nor any other factors are not used during write up. Refer to the individual pair analysis for a more comprehensive write up. US1Y: Bullish US2Y: Bullish US5Y: Bullish US10Y: Bullish US30Y: Bullish S&P Index: Bearish WK 07 (11 Feb 2023)
TVC:US01YLong
by SonicDeejay