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NIO: CHART UPDATE / RSI CYCLES / MACDIVERGENCE / FULL BREAKDOWNDESCRIPTION: In the chart above I have provided a Semi-Macro analysis of NIO. As previous chart setup became invalidated with the decline of Price Action a strong support was confirmed at 8.50 Points, the same Support that gave way to further uptrend when touched on Oct 25th 2022. Despite invalidation of past Chart Setup CYCLE ESTIMATION was fairly accurate. POINTS: 1. Deviation of 2.50 Points between Supply & Demand Channels remains the same. 2. Current Trend: Sideways Consolidation 3. Price Prediction: 13 Points by March 31st & will serve as another attempt to breaking upper level of 14.50 Points. 4. TIMEFRAME for 5th CYCLE PREDICTION was drawn out by utilizing the mean average of the past 4, RSI agrees with these cycles of Buying & Selling Pressure. IMPORTANT: RSI needs pullback & is EXTREMELY IMPORTANT Price Action holds above 9.50 Points or at the very least lingers above 9 Points in SUPPLY POCKET. RSI: RSI has completed another cycle by reaching OVERSOLD TERRITORY in the 30 RANGE & is Breaking Trend. MACD: Faster moving average on MACD has confirmed current uptrend on Price Action. Next step would be to see MACD flip & surpass Median level to the upside. (Most crucial indicator in this scenario) SCENARIO #1: In a Bullish scenario Price Action holds above 9 Points or 9.50 preferably for some consolidation & follows cycle with an eventual break of 12 Points making way for a test at 14.50 Points. SCENARIO #2: In a Bearish scenario Price Action deviates from cycle and decides to Break Down 8.50 Points which would be followed by a further continuation of next SUPPORT at 7 Points. FULL CHART LINK: www.tradingview.com NYSE:NIO
NYSE:NIOLong
by DGSTBROKERACC
1
Rising Bull and Raging Bear in BitcoinNewton is known to have said that "The motion of heavenly bodies can be computed, but not the madness of people". That aptly fits the times we live in. Bitcoin (“BTC”) prices have rallied 40% since the start of the year despite bleak economic outlook. A short squeeze in the flagship crypto asset where $850M in short positions was liquidated in just three days is cited as the primary reason for the rally. After the US Fed, ECB, and BoE rate announcements last week, where does BTC go from here? There are ample reasons to remain bearish as much as there is to turn bullish. Are we witnessing a dead cat bounce? Or is this the dawn of a new era where rates flatten or start to soften paving the path to a bull run? Amid the chaos, one thing remains clear. Low volatility. Both realized and implied volatility for BTC remains low. In a market that could either crumble or rally, this case study argues that a long strangle position in BTC options provides a compelling >2x reward to risk ratio. A long options position gains not only from a substantial price move but also from expanding volatility. THE UNCERTAIN ROAD AHEAD FOR BTC Outlook for BTC prices looks uncertain. Bullish tailwinds and bearish restrainers are concurrently at play. 1. Mixed Technical Signals BTC is approaching its 200-day moving average which has served as strong resistance in 2022. During the previous bear market rally, prices failed to breach past $25,000 per BTC, indicating strong resistance at this level. Current RSI at 79 points to BTC being overbought with a risk of downward price correction. However, the 20-day moving average inching towards the 200-day moving average might create the settings for a price rally. Also, the 10-day MA has crossed over the 200-day MA, forming a golden crossover which might be a harbinger of rally ahead. Using this same chart, we highlighted before that BTC prices are now just below the long-term MA (200-week MA) that has proven to be a strong indication for a long-term trend. The divergence from this trend over the past half-year might have been aberrations caused by multiple black swan events. 2. Price volatility related to GBTC lawsuit outcome Also as mentioned previously , Grayscale’s lawsuit against the SEC is an event to watch. Hearing date has been set for March 7th. If unsuccessful, Grayscale has announced plans to liquidate a portion of the trust to bring the GBTC shares back up to NAV of its holdings. This would involve heavy BTC selling pressure. GBTC has $14.5B in AUM with GBTC shares trading at a 41% discount. If GBTC succeeds, BTC prices could rally in sign of favorable regulatory acceptance. However, ETF’s creation/redemption mechanism would allow GBTC to rebalance their holdings resulting in spot BTC sales to arbitrage the discount. 3. Long term holders showing resilience and not selling Recent price rally has restrained long term holders from dumping their holdings. Growing number of long-term holders indicates conviction and that combined with climbing retail participation sets the tone for a bull run. 4. Hash Rate Rebound in 2023 BTC mining is profitable again. Rebounding hash rates, stable energy costs, and elevated BTC prices is a relief to the miners. Miner reserves are at a yearly low removing the risk of miners dumping their inventory. Miner sales are now limited to BTC mined daily. 5. Growing Open Interest but mixed directional positioning Asset managers have increased their net long positions by 53% between December 27th and January 24th. Meanwhile, leveraged funds continue to remain net short during this period. Clearly institutional investors remain puzzled on BTC price outlook. In a sign of growing investor attention, overall OI is up 8.4% over the last month and nearly 20% over the last quarter TRADE SET UP With adequate arguments both in favor of and against BTC prices, establishing a directional position is difficult. BTC carries a reputation for triple-digit volatility over its 14 years trading history. Intriguingly, BTC volatility has been soft in the recent past. Low volatility allows investors to acquire options at reduced costs. Being price agnostic, this study makes a case for a delta-neutral long strangle to secure a 2.27 reward to risk ratio. A long strangle combines of two trades. One, an out-of-the-money long put (at a strike below the current bitcoin price) to gain from a falling market. Two, an out-of-the-money long call (at a strike above the current bitcoin price) to gain from a rising market. A strangle allows the holder to extract an outsized gain (profit) for every unit of pain (costs incurred for premiums). This asymmetric pay-off in an options portfolio is referred to as convexity in finance. It enables holders to extract higher rewards for each unit of risk. Leg 1: Long Put options on BTCK3 (options on futures expiring in May 2023) with a strike price of $21,000 at a premium of $1,635. Leg 2: Long Call options on BTCK3 (options on futures expiring in May 2023) with a strike price of $29,000 at a premium of $1,105. Entry: $2,740 Break-even points: When CME-BTC-Futures touches $30,740 or $18,260. Target: BTC at either $33,600 or $13,700 Profit at Target: $1,860 (if BTC rises to $33,600) or $ 4,560 (if BTC drops to $13,700) Stop-loss level: At 30% of the drop in options premium. Loss at Stop-loss: $820 This strategy will start generating returns when the underling future trades past break-even points. It will also generate returns as volatillity expands fueling increase in strangle value. MARKET DATA CME Real-time Market Data helps identify trading set-ups and express market views better. If you have futures in your trading portfolio, you can check out on CME Group data plans available that suit your trading needs www.tradingview.com DISCLAIMER Trade ideas cited above are for illustration only, as an integral part of a case study to demonstrate the fundamental concepts in risk management under the market scenarios being discussed. They shall not be construed as investment recommendations or advice. Nor are they used to promote any specific products, or services. This material has been published for general education and circulation only. It does not offer or solicit to buy or sell and does not address specific investment or risk management objectives, financial situation, or needs of any person. Advice should be sought from a financial advisor regarding the suitability of any investment or risk management product before investing or adopting any investment or hedging strategies. Past performance is not indicative of future performance. All examples used in this workshop are hypothetical and are used for explanation purposes only. Contents in this material is not investment advice and/or may or may not be the results of actual market experience. Mint Finance does not endorse or shall not be liable for the content of information provided by third parties. Use of and/or reliance on such information is entirely at the reader’s own risk. These materials are not intended for distribution to, or for use by or to be acted on by any person or entity located in any jurisdiction where such distribution, use or action would be contrary to applicable laws or regulations or would subject Mint Finance to any registration or licensing requirement.
CME:BTC1!
by mintdotfinance
9
XRP will decide it's direction soonOur algorithm has found a descending volatility pattern after a long period of downtrend and this always helps traders to make money because we can take advanatge of any movement (up or down). We've recently seen a fake break of the red line, but be ready because losing the first blue line is really dangerous for XRP. XRP was created by Ripple Labs, a financial technology company that is focused on providing solutions for cross-border payments and other financial transactions. Ripple Labs developed the XRP Ledger as a way to enable faster and cheaper cross-border payments, and XRP is used as a means of exchange on the network. XRP has gained significant popularity in recent years due to its potential use in the financial industry, and it has been adopted by a number of banks and financial institutions as a means of facilitating cross-border payments and other transactions. However, it is important to note that XRP is not without controversy, and its adoption and use have been met with some resistance and skepticism in the financial and cryptocurrency communities. A descending volatility pattern in the stock market refers to a situation where the level of volatility (i.e., the fluctuation in prices) in the market decreases over time. This can be observed by looking at the historical volatility of a particular stock or index. There are several potential consequences of a descending volatility pattern in the stock market: 1. It may indicate a decrease in market risk, as the level of price fluctuation is lower. This could make the market more attractive to investors who are risk-averse or who have a lower tolerance for volatility. 2- The pattern could also indicate increased stability in the market, which could lead to higher levels of investor confidence and potentially drive more capital into the market. This could lead to an overall increase in stock prices. However, it is important to note that a declining volatility pattern does not necessarily mean that the market is "safer" or that it will continue to trend upwards. Volatility can be unpredictable and can increase suddenly, even if it has been decreasing over a longer period of time. In fact, as we previously said the best way to trade this pattern is to expect an increase in volatility, no matter if it's upwards or downwards. And the most important! What do you think? Are we ready for a new crypto rally here? Will we break the green line? Or we will just see lower prices... again?
BITSTAMP:XRPUSD
by TopChartPatterns
VIX Feels Like a Smoldering Volcano 🌋 Post-2020 Parabolic MoveThe consolidation pattern in the TVC:VIX VIX goes back to June 2020 after the initial COVID flash-crash scenario. From June '21 to November '21, you started to see a bottoming formation turning into a new uptrend , subtle as might've been. The uptrend has chopped around in this rising channel since the end of 2021 up until the recent false breakdown during August 2022. This head fake has allowed the TVC:VIX to retake the bottom of the channel and continue up and up after every headline the market fears. Despite the approach of overbought levels, the bear market rally on Wednesday, September 28 gave volatility room to run. It appears probable a consolidation pattern around 36-38 will level off the relative strength as of late, occurring for the month of October when the market could stage a short-term rally. Coincidentally, this will set up the TVC:VIX right into the #MidTerms... To be clear, sirens won't start popping off on AMEX:SPY , NASDAQ:QQQ , and AMEX:DIA until a decisive, sustained move over 36.79 occurs. If that happens, a move to 47.20 seems like a no-brainer. Notably, that is a test of the top of the rising channel , confirming 2 technical scenarios with the midterm elections as the catalyst for the next leg. Keep your head on a swivel and keep an eye on volatility of TVC:VIX , NASDAQ:TLT , and TVC:DXY for directional signposts in the broader market. Also, it's important to remember Jerome Powell and other Fed officials, Russian tensions, Europe energy or monetary headlines, and CPI could all eliminate this hypothesis.
TVC:VIXLong
by zwburger
1
S&P500 Analysis Before FOMC AnnouncementFor this trade analysis, the S&P500 has seen a recent fall around 13 September. How does the FOMC announcement impact the markets given a 75 or 100 basis point rate hike? The Federal Reserve is the central banking system of the United States and is responsible for buying and selling US securities in the financial markets and setting interest rates and reserve requirements to achieve stable prices and maximum employment. This announcement provides a wealth of data that can influence the markets, leading to volatility and is why traders pay attention to the release of data that happens 8-times a year.
BLACKBULL:SPX500
by BlackBull_Markets
$VIX Is In The Zone, Can Take A CorrectionTraders, $VIX Is In The Zone, Can Take A Correction. Watch $DXY too with it. If these 2 fall, we are looking at some relief in indices (Dow Jones, SnP500 and NASDAQ) Rules: 1. Never trade too much 2. Never trade without a confirmation 3. Never rely on signals, do your own analysis and research too ✅ If you found this idea useful, hit the like button, subscribe and share it in other trading forums. ✅ Follow me for future ideas, trade set ups and the updates of this analysis ✅ Don't hesitate to share your ideas, comments, opinions and questions. Take care and trade well -Vik ____________________________________________________ 📌 DISCLAIMER The content on this analysis is subject to change at any time without notice, and is provided for the sole purpose of education only. Not a financial advice or signal. Please make your own independent investment decisions. ____________________________________________________
PEPPERSTONE:VIXShort
by vikinsa
7
#SPX Update 7-19-2022#SPX finally broke out over 3900 and continued strong up through close. NFLX was a big watch AH and ended up showing good numbers. We have TSLA AH tomorrow. SPX can continue this move up into 4000-4020 area by friday. 3957 and 3974 are still targets before 4000. Do not let high volatility deter you from trading if you have reliable charts you can read. Instead conwider controlling your risk with Position Sizing. Consider leaving your loss limit the same but lowering position size. This allows you to limit loss if the trade goes against you, and allows you to add position size at set targets when the charts continue in your favor.
SP:SPXLong
by MoneyFlow_Options_Community
NQ Power Range Report with FIB Ext - 6/13/2022 SessionCME_MINI:NQM2022 *HUGE INITIAL RANGE SPREAD CREATED ON THE WEEKEND GAP DOWN* - PR High: 11829.25 - PR Low: 11679.25 - NZ Spread: 335.25 Evening Stats (As of 11:25 AM) - Weekend Gap: = -0.74% - Session Open ATR: 418.96 - Volume: 28k - Open Int: 66k - Trend Grade: Bear - From ATH: -30.5% (Rounded) Key Levels (Rounded - Think of these as ranges) - Long: 14105 - Mid: 12960 - Short: 11480 Keep in mind this is not speculation or a prediction. Only a report of the Power Range with Fib extensions for target hunting. Do your DD! You determine your risk tolerance. You are fully capable of making your own decisions.
CME_MINI:NQM2022
by mv3trader5
VIX-S&P 500 FEAR INDEX-LESS FEAR, MARKETS CORRECTINGThe VIX measures the fear in the S&P 500. Even if you only trade or invest in crypto or stocks watching the VIX is critical in learning how to measure the sentiment of the general market regardless of what you are trading or investing. I use the VIX for even crypto trading and suits me well. It does the complete opposite of the what other stocks or cryptos do. Master understanding this chart and you will be better prepared at making successful trading entries and exits in the market. So despite the Russian Ukranian invasion the markets are correcting slowly and beginning to show promise once again. For details watch this video and give me a thumbs up and please subscribe to show support for my channel. Thank You Astreaus otherwise know as Cryptobuzzanalyst Disclaimer I’m not a certified financial planner/advisor, a certified financial analyst, an economist, a CPA, an accountant, or a lawyer. I’m not a finance professional through formal education. The contents on this TA,(Technical Analysis) are for informational and educational purposes only and do not constitute financial, investment, trading, accounting, or legal advice. I can’t promise that the information shared on my posts is appropriate for you or anyone else. By using or reading this technical analysis or site, you agree to hold me harmless from any ramifications, financial or otherwise, that occur to you as a result of acting on information found on this analysis, or post.
CBOE:VIX
by CryptoBuzzAnalyst
4
3x ETF SOXL vs other 1x semi ETFs over various time horizonsI compare SOXL returns with SOXX, SMH, and PSI, all ETFs in the semiconductor space. CONCLUSIONS AND FINDINGS: YTD 2021 SOXL has not provided any net benefit over it's peers. And if you use stop loss orders you've probably lost money on it due to its extreme volatility. Smaller quant ETF fund PSI is the better performer on most/all time horizons YTD or more recent, especially from a risk/reward perspective. Only when comparing SOXL against the others on a time horizon of 1 yr or longer does SOXL outperform it's peers. Importantly however, charts mimic real life only to the extent we make the purchase the entire position at once and don't touch it over the entire time frame. But this is not what most traders do. Thus, I recommend holding SOXL only if you're going to buy it and not set any stop loss orders, touch it, trade it, or even look at it for a year or more. But you probably can't handle that. I can't either. Thus the better, more realistic strategy for most traders is to get PSI or one of the other primary ETFs covering this space.
NASDAQ:SMHEducation
by theagileagent
USDJPY <-> The World; Carry Trades, Safe Havens on the VIX ScaleThe Title Chart is a representation of the impact of each 1% change in the (SP500) VIX on various currencies' (and Gold; Bitcoin) to tend to more (or less) toward Risk (instability) or Safe Haven (stability) characteristics . I.e. It depicts the relationship between market uncertainty and exchange rate movements of safe haven currencies (and currency "equivalents") An important note on: Context! View this article in the light of two, undisputed facts; Margin debt – the amount of money that investors have borrowed in order to buy stocks – is now at the highest level in history, not only in absolute terms, but also relative to U.S. GDP. The present ratio of U.S. total equity market capitalization to GDP is 2.63. The historical norm (not the low!) is 0.78 . - Which is about 70% below the current level. In light of the above facts the central question remains the same; Can business as usual continue (and for how long?) or, is there is a global, catastrophic financial collapse on the horizon?... You decide. (This post may help; ) The remainder of this article is based on various notes and research, taken at a RIETI Conference (Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry), a couple of years ago - before the Covid Pandemic. However, I shall omit most (if not all) of the technical details, calculations and such here, for brevity and clarity's sake. Introduction The Japanese yen and the Swiss Franc are often called a safe haven currency—a currency that appreciates when the risk-averse behavior of global investors and the uncertainty of economic policy and outlook increase, while the U.S. dollar is regarded as the most reliable international currency as an anchor. The safe haven status is usually observed for a country that has the current account surplus, low interest rates—the funding source of carry-trade opportunity—, and the investors’ perception as the safe-haven currency, resulting in suffering from the deterioration of the trade balance during a crisis. That may improve the trade balance of the country’s trade partners and competitors, especially if their currencies are vulnerable to a shock. The yen tends to rise during periods of increased financial market volatility. This tendency—clearly evident when the currency surged after the Brexit shock—has strengthened since mid-2015. While widening yield differentials between the U.S. and Japan are a force to weaken the yen, the currency is vulnerable to sudden gains on higher risk aversion The Chinese renminbi (CNY) is a rising star. Its internationalization is on the fast track .The renminbi’s inclusion into the SDR basket represents its internationalization, making the renminbi a reserve currency alongside the USD, the JPY, the EUR, and the GBP. Still, the renminbi was depreciated by 4% between its announcement on November 30, 2015 and actual inclusion on October 1, 2016. Recent political uncertainty generated unexpected shocks—from the U.S. presidential election to Federal Reserve interest rate decisions and political events in Europe—that could affect sentiment toward the yen, the renminbi, and relatively vulnerable Asian currencies, increasing safe-haven demand for alternative assets such as gold and bitcoin. The yen’s safe-haven status may signal in advance shifts in risk appetite in the foreign exchange market. The skew in risk reversals on yen-dollar currency options, which turns negative when bets on yen appreciation outweigh bets on depreciation, tends to follow, or is at least associated with, the index. For example, 12 weeks after the start of a VIX spike, net non-commercial positions on the yen on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange are 20 billion U.S. dollars longer than would be the case absent the rise in the VIX. In the European sovereign crises of 2011, the yen was purchased aggressively as a safe asset3 and finally reached the historical high value, 75.54 yen per dollar and remained around 80 yen. Thus, just after the East Japan Earthquake and the meltdown of nuclear power plants, the highest value of the yen is hard to be explained by economic fundamentals. In January 2015, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) abolished its exchange rate cap against the euro, meaning that the SNB stopped intervening by purchasing the Swiss franc against the euro. As a result, the Swiss franc was appreciated against U.S . dollar by 30% within 10 minutes . At the same time the yen and the Singapore dollar were appreciated by 1% as investors needed to sell the euro and buy some safe currencies instead of the Swiss franc that was limited liquidity and capacity compared to the euro. So, not only the yen and the renminbi, but other currencies in the Asian emerging market may be in transition to the safe-haven status. Here, one tries to measure whether the yen, the renminbi, other currencies, and alternative assets have a safe-haven or vulnerable status. Introducing long-term and short-term gauges help judge if the safe-haven status is temporary or consistent. The results shows that the yen consistently has the safe-haven status, the renminbi temporarily obtained the safe-haven status in early 2010, but has been returning to a vulnerable currency. Increasing political uncertainty in the global market and weakness of the renminbi may increase demand for traditional and innovative alternative assets, though the size and liquidity of the markets haven’t developed well, yet and they are vulnerable to regulatory changes. A bitcoin price surged in late 2016 as the renminbi depreciates, but it tumbled to $789 on January 11, 2017, down 28% from a peak of $1,091 on January 4, 2017. The proximate cause – signals from China’s central bank that they are paying close attention to irregularities in the market. The still relatively small size of the market makes bitcoin impractical as a channel for large-scale capital flight. Gold could be considered as a good asset in the diversification of Chinese portfolios. Wong and Zhu (2015) find, however, it is only for risk-seeking investors and in crisis periods on the Shanghai Gold Exchange in the diversification of Chinese portfolios. So, there are very limited indications that bitcoin and gold could be presently regarded as a safe-haven assets, and while their safe-haven tendency might be increasing, it is particular and limited to relative to the renminbi, under high policy uncertainty. Safe Haven Trades - Short-term Perspectives There are standard and widely available models that captures the safe-haven status of a currency in the short-term and they rely on the assumption of capital flows driven by excess returns from the currency carry trade, rather than uncovered interest rate parity (UIP). The carry trade hypothesis defines the currency carry trade, which consists of selling low interest-rate currencies “funding currencies” and investing in high interest-rate currencies “investment currencies.” They find that carry trades loses money on average, in times of rising VIX. While the UIP hypothesizes that the carry gains due to the interest-rate differential is offset by a commensurate depreciation of the investment currency, empirically the reverse holds. The investment currency appreciates a little on average despite with a low predictive R2 (Fama1984). This violation of the UIP – often referred to as the “forward premium puzzle” – is precisely what makes the carry trade profitable on average. To be able to successfully solve the UIP “forward premium puzzle” (successful carry trade), the addition of a gauge of market risk sentiment to predict the future spot exchange rates is essential. To predict the change in the expected exchange rate is usually explained by a change in interest rate differentials and the market risk sentiment. To capture the impacts of a change in the market risk sentiment on exchange rates, a rolling OLS regression of a daily change in the VIX and the two-year yield differential between local currency and the U.S. dollar on a percentage change in local currency per dollar is used. Normally, The VIX is a good measure of investors’ risk sentiment. Increases in the VIX are associated with higher volatility in Japanese and Germany stock prices, as measured by the Nikkei VI and VDAX, as well as in the yen’s exchange rate to dollar. The VIX correlates, under normal circumstances, to the Nikkei VI at 0.83, to the VDAX at 0.87 and to implied volatility on 1- month at-the-money yen-dollar options at 0.71, with the addition of the two-year government bond yield differential. A standard model would go something like this; dLn(LCY/USD) = a+b1d(USDLCY_2Y)+ b2 𝑑(𝑉IX)+e where "LCY" means the local currency, USDLCY_2Y is two-year government bond yield differential, the VIX denotes the implied volatility of S&P 500 index options6, "e" is an error term. The UIP assumes the sign of the coefficient of USDLCY_2Y is negative, while the carry trade hypothesis sees its sign positive during a normal period. So, the determinants of its sign are answers to an empirical question, rather than a theory. The coefficient of the VIX is defined as the Safe-haven Currency Index (SCI) and assessed the safe-haven status as follows: SCI > 0: Period and country specific "safe-haven" type tendency. SCI < 0: Period and country specific “vulnerable currency" type tendency. SCI = 0 or insignificant: exchange rate movement doesn’t follow a specific tendency. Safe Assets – Long-term Perspective The safe asset indexes indicate mostly three currencies – the Swiss franc, the yen, and the dollar – out of the 13 currencies which mormally maintain safe-haven status. Although the Swiss franc has the strongest safe-haven status on average, its status has been weakened from 2007 until 2011 – the period of the Global Financial Crisis and the European Sovereign Crisis. That is likely because Switzerland has suffered from rapid currency appreciation against the euro and thus, its safe-haven demand relative to the dollar seemed to be limited. In contrast, growing dollar demand during the crises had strengthened the dollar’s safe-haven status. The yen has consistently kept the safe has status during previous risk-off episodes. However, the currency status of some currencies has been switching between a safe-haven and a vulnerable currency. The British pound had had the safe-haven status until early 2000s, but it fell into the vulnerable currency status from 2007 until 2015, followed by a rapid depreciation due to the Brexit shock in June 2016. On the other hand, the Singapore dollar was the vulnerable currency until 2011, turning into the safe-haven currency around 2011. Thus, the safe-haven status doesn't necessarily last forever, and it does change overtime. Higher frequency data provides the detailed transitional status in the short-term perspective. The safe-haven status seems to be associated with the internationalization of the currency. The dollar has about 90% of the total share (200%) of turnover of Over-The-Counter (OTC) of transaction from 1995 until 2016. The yen’s share is about 20% throughout the same period. The shares of the European currencies such as the euro, the pound, and the Swiss franc have peaked in 2001; they have been gradually shrinking ever since. In contrast, the Asian currencies have been consistantly emerging, in the meantime. The share of the renminbi, the Singapore dollar and the Won reached 4%, 2%, and 2% from 0%, 1%, and 0%, respectively. Safe Haven versus Vulnerable Currency – Short-term Perspective Uncertainty represented by the VIX affects exchange rate movements on a daily basis, given limited fluctuatuons in the two-year interest rate differential between the local currency and the dollar. Zero interest rates are applied for alternative assets. The Yen The Safe-haven Currency Index suggests that the yen has kept its safe-haven status during the global crises. The results of the ordinary least square rolling (OLS) regression in daily data supported this scenario. The yen’s safe-haven status has been held firm since 2007 except for a period of the aftermath of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the downgrade of the U.S. sovereign rating d by Standard and Poor. Still, even when the yen had its vulnerable status period, it still wasn't significant. Since market participants tended to expect higher possibility of massive monetary easing as the part of the Abenomics in late 2012, the yen’s safe status has been strengthening. The index shows that each 1 percentage point rise in the VIX is associated with a 0.13% appreciation in the yen as of January 26, 2017, while 1 percentage point increase in two-year interest rate differential between the U.S. and Japan is accompanied to an 11.4% appreciation in the yen. The negative coefficients of U.S.-Japan interest differentials held virtually for ythe entire period. Removing the yield differentials strengthens the absolute impacts of a change in the VIX, but it doesn’t change the robustness of the yen’s safe-haven status. These results support the carry trade hypothesis rather than the UIP. A shift in the monetary policy framework helps explain a change in the yen’s safe-haven status. Lower interest rates increase opportunity for the carry trade, strengthening the save haven status. The structural breaks for the safe-haven status are tested with the Schwarz criterion in global information criteria. The test signals July 21, 2006, August 31, 2010, and January 31, 2013 as the timings of structural breaks. These dates are relevant to significant changes of monetary policy framework in Japan. The Bank of Japan lifted the quantitative easing policy in March 2006 and the zero-interest-rate policy in July. The BOJ introduced ‘comprehensive easing policy’ in October 2010, and the BOJ introduced asset purchase programs in April 2013. The coefficient of the VIX was around zero in late 2012, but it dropped to -0.25% in early 2014. Further monetary easing appears to enhance the yen’s safe-haven status. During the same period, Japan’s net foreign asset relative to the GDP has been highest in the world, but it has decreased in the dollar terms. Consequently, investors’ risk appetite and their perception for the yen’s safe-haven status would play a vital role in the determination of exchange rate movement. The strength of its status may rely on excess profits from the carry trade rather than economic fundamentals such as net foreign assets and reserves. The long-term government bond yields contain more risk premium than short-term yields. Still, the yen’s safe-haven status, which reflects invertors’ risk appetites, is robust even if adding in a change in the yield curve: the ten-year, two-year spread between the U.S. and Japan. An increase in the spreads means the U.S. government bond yield curve is getting steeper relative to the Japanese government bond yield curve. The coefficient of the VIX remains significant overall even if a rolling regression is implemented with the yield curve variable. These results suggest a higher level of VIX predicts higher returns for investment currencies and lower returns for funding currencies, and controlling for VIX reduces the predictive coefficient for interest-rate differentials. That is consistent with the carry trade hypothesis. Renminbi’s Shift to Vulnerable Currency Status The SCI suggests the renminbi is a vulnerable currency except the period of 1997-2001. As capital flows from and into the Mainland China are restricted its interest rate differential to another currency and the VIX haven’t well tracked the movement of onshore renminbi (CNY). In order to capture the investor’s risk perception under uncertainty, the offshore renminbi (CNH) might be the more appropriate gauge of the safe-haven and vulnerable status. In fact, during the risk episode such as the U.S. sovereign credit downgrade, CNH tended to depreciate more rapidly than the CNY did. The tests for safe-haven status of the CNY are neither stable nor significant, not only against the Dollar but also the Euro. In contrast, the CNH’s vulnerable currency status against the dollar and the yen is readily observable and consistent. All the while its status relative to the Euro was regarded as a safe-haven until April 2014, significantly shifting to a vulnerable currency by May 2015. These results are consistent with structural breaks, overall. Alternative Assets: Gold and Bitcoin Those two asset classes reamin relatively fractional to global risk assets and stock market market capitalization. As of this writing, they remain miniscule to even consider them as alternatives in light of the $75-$220 Trillion (depends who is counting) total, unfounded, global liabilities. Conclusion All of the above suggest that the Yen is a safe-haven currency as well as safe asset and it's status as such is unlikely to diminish in the foreseeable future. Its safe-haven status is stronger on average than other safe-haven currencies such as the Swiss franc and especially far outpacing that of bitcoin and gold. The offshore traded renminbi (CNH) maintains a very much vulnerable status to the U.S. Dollar and the Japanese Yen and this is has also minimal impetus to changes in the foreseeable future. Higher market uncertainty with policy swings may increase safe-haven demand for alternative assets such as gold and bitcoin but there are certainly no tendencies at present that, given these alternatives' very limited liquidity, they would factor as substitutes for the Yen or the US Dollar in the foreseeable future.
by Nemo_Confidat
3