AlexD Market annual seasonalityThe indicator displays the percentage of bullish days with a given date over several years.
This allows you to determine the days of the year when the price usually goes up or down.
Indicator has a built-in "simple moving average" shifted back by half a period, due to which the delay of this smoothing is removed.
Cycles
ZigCycleBarCount [MsF]Japanese below / 日本語説明は英文の後にあります。
Based on "ZigZag++" indicator by DevLucem. Thanks for the great indicator.
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This indicator that displays the candle count (bar count) at the peaks of Zigzag .
It also displays the price of the peaks.
You can easily count candles (bars) from peak to peak. Helpful for candles (bars) in cycle theory.
This logic of the indicator is based from the mt4 zigzag indicator .
Parameter:
Depth = depth (price range)
Backstep = Period
Deviation ＝ Percentage of how much the price has wrapped around the previous line.
Example:
Depth = 12
Backstep = 3
Deviation = 5
In this case, the price range is updated by 12 pips or more (Depth), and after 3 or more candlesticks line up (Backstep), if the price deviates from the previous line by 5% or more (Deviation), a peak is added.
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Zigzagの頂点にローソクカウント（バーカウント）を表示するインジケータです。
頂点の価格も表示します。
頂点から頂点までのローソク（バー）を容易にカウントすることができます。
サイクル理論のローソク（バー）に役立ちます。
Zigzagロジック自体はMT4のzigzagインジケータを流用しています。
＜パラメータ＞
Depth＝深さ（値幅）
Backstep＝期間
Deviation＝価格がどれだけ直前のラインの折り返したかの割合
例：
Depth＝12
Backstep＝3
Deviation＝5
この場合、値幅を12pips以上更新し（Depth）、ローソク足が3本以上並んだ後（Backstep）、価格が直前のラインの5％以上折り返せば（Deviation）、頂点を付けます。
＜表示オプション＞
Label_Style = "TEXT"…テキスト表示、"BALLOON"…吹き出し表示
On Balance Volume CrossoversCheck on balance volume but with crossover. You can choose the smoothing method, which is set by default to use the Volume Weighted Moving Average (bringing volume to the equation is always a good idea) but you can change to SMA, MA, EMA, ...
Hope you guys enjoy it and don't forget to rate it up! :)
I plan to include % from 0-100 OBV in here later! Stay tuned.
Feedback is cool.
Prime, E & PI Superiority CyclesIf you have been studying the markets long enough you will probably have noticed a certain pattern. Whichever trade entry/exit logic you try to use, it will go through phases of working really well and phases where it doesn't work at all. This is the markets way of ensuring anyone who sticks to an oversimplified, one-dimensional strategy will not profit. Superiority cycles are a method I devised by which code interrogates the nature of where price has been pivoting in relation to three key structures, the Prime Frame, E Frame and Pi Frame which are plotted as horizontal lines at these values:
* Use script on 1 minute chart ONLY
prime numbers up to 100: 2.0,3.0,5.0,7.0,11.0,13.0,17.0,19.0,23.0,27.0,29.0,31.0,37.0,41.0,43.0,47.0,53.0,59.0,61.0,67.0,71.0,73.0,79.0,83.0,89.0,97.0
multiples of e up to 100: 2.71828, 5.43656, 8.15484, 10.87312, 13.5914, 16.30968, 19.02796, 21.74624, 24.46452, 27.1828, 29.90108, 32.61936, 35.33764,
38.05592, 40.7742, 43.49248, 46.21076, 48.92904, 51.64732, 54.3656, 57.08388, 59.80216, 62.52044, 65.23872, 67.957, 70.67528, 73.39356000000001, 76.11184,
78.83012, 81.5484, 84.26668000000001, 86.98496, 89.70324, 92.42152, 95.13980000000001, 97.85808
multiples of pi up to 100: 3.14159, 6.28318, 9.424769999999999, 12.56636, 15.70795, 18.849539999999998, 21.99113, 25.13272, 28.27431, 31.4159, 34.55749,
37.699079999999995, 40.840669999999996, 43.98226, 47.12385, 50.26544, 53.40703, 56.54862, 59.69021, 62.8318, 65.97339, 69.11498, 72.25657, 75.39815999999999,
78.53975, 81.68133999999999, 84.82293, 87.96452, 91.10611, 94.2477, 97.38929
These values are iterated up the chart as seen below:
The script sums the distance of pivots to each of the respective frames (olive lines for Prime Frame, green lines for E Frame and maroon lines for Pi Frame) and determines which frame price has been reacting to in the least significant way. The worst performing frame is the next frame we target reversals at. The table in the bottom right will light up a color that corresponds to the frame color we should target.
Here is an example of Prime Superiority, where we prioritize trading from prime levels:
The table and the background color are both olive which means target prime levels. In an ideal world strong moves should start and finish where the white flags are placed i.e. in this case $17k and $19k. The reason these levels are 17,000 and 19,000 and not just 17 and 19 like in the original prime number sequence is due to the scaling code in the get_scale_func() which allows the code to operate on all assets.
This is E Superiority where we would hope to see major reversals at green lines:
This is Pi Superiority where we would hope to see major reversals at maroon lines:
And finally I would like to show you a market moving from one superiority to another. This can be observed by the bgcolor which tells us what the superiority was at every historical minute
Pi Frame Superiority into E Frame Superiority example:
Prime Frame Superiority into E Frame Superiority example:
Prime Frame Superiority into Pi Frame Superiority example:
By rotating the analysis we use to enter trades in this way we hope to hide our strategy better from market makers and artificial intelligence, and overall make greater profits.
High Impact NewsDo you have a difficult time remembering high-impact news events throughout the trading week? Now there is an indicator that allows the user to put labels directly on their charts at specific times in the future so news events won’t sneak up on the user.
Description
The “High Impact News” TradingView indicator by Infinity Trading gives the user complete control of three labels that can be set to any time and day of the trading week, even in the future. Each label can be displayed at a specific time, on a unique day of the week, and with custom text. Also, each label has a choice of over 20 emojis to display on the chart along with user-defined text. The text color and size can be independently adjusted.
The position of the labels on the chart can be easily moved up or down with 5 built-in presents: Current Week High, Current Day High, Current Price, Current Day Low, and Current Week Low. Additionally, each label has a separate buffer that allows the users to move the label up or down in increments of five. All of these user-controls ensure the labels are exactly where the user wants them on their charts.
Limitations
This indicator displays labels in the future. TradingView sets a limit of 500 bars/candles in the future you can interact on. This TradingView limit means that labels can only be drawn 500 candles in the future on any timeframe. On larger timeframes this is not a problem and one trading week can easily display any labels. But on smaller timeframes labels multiple days in the future will exceed the 500 candle limit. When a label exceeds the 500 candle limit the indicator will have a temporary error. THIS IS NOT A PROBLEM. Simply go back to a higher timeframe or wait until the label is within 500 candles. All of your Settings will be saved! This is just a limit placed by TradingView that cannot be overwritten.
Important Notice
As stated above, this indicator draws labels in the future on your charts. To achieve future labels, this indicator draws labels in the present and shifts them to the right (which is the future) certain number of bars. Please be aware of the following characteristics of this indicator:
Labels will not appear until after midnight EST on Monday of each trading week
Labels will not appear over the weekends
Labels set to “Monday” won’t appear until midnight EST on Monday (or later)
Labels set to “Tuesday” through “Friday” won’t appear until the time specified in the Settings on Monday. For example, a FOMC label set to 2pm EST on Wednesday will not appear on the chart until 2pm EST on Monday
On 1-Hour or 2-Hour charts, please note that labels with a non-hour time will be shifted slightly so they appear on the chart. For example, a label at 8:15 am on the 5-min chart will be adjusted to 8:00 am on the 1-Hour chart so the label will appear
The above characteristics are a result of having to draw the labels at a specified time (of the trading week) and then calculating how many bars it takes to get the label to the correct time in the future.
Investing ZonesInvesting Zones indicator shows the areas where LONGS or SHORTS can be made, the areas are calculated based on the mathematical averages of the high and low peaks of the price.
-There is an area called "No trading Zone" where the price is too slow, It also has a Alma Trend Ribbon (blue for uptrend, pink for downtrend) that helps to make trading decisions.
-You can make shorts when the price enters the Yellow zone called the "Sell Zone" and the price is below the Alma trend, set the TP1 in the white dotted line, and TP2 in the white lower line
-You can make longs when the price enters the Green zone called the "Buy Zone" and the price is above the Alma trend, set the TP1 in the yellow dotted line, and TP2 in the yellow upper line
-It works in all timeframes, personally I use it in 1min, 5min and 1hr.
S&P 500 Quandl Data & RatiosTradingView has a little-known integration that allows you to pull in 3rd party data-sets from Nasdaq Data Link, also known as Quandl. Today, I am open-sourcing for the community an indicator that uses the Quandl integration to pull in historical data and ratios on the S&P500. I originally coded this to study macro P/E ratios during peaks and troughs of boom/bust cycles.
The indicator pulls in each of the following datasets, as defined and provided by Quandl. The user can select which datasets to pull in using the indicator settings:
Dividend Yield : S&P 500 dividend yield (12 month dividend per share)/price. Yields following June 2022 (including the current yield) are estimated based on 12 month dividends through June 2022, as reported by S&P. Sources: Standard & Poor's for current S&P 500 Dividend Yield. Robert Shiller and his book Irrational Exuberance for historic S&P 500 Dividend Yields.
Price Earning Ratio : Price to earnings ratio, based on trailing twelve month as reported earnings. Current PE is estimated from latest reported earnings and current market price. Source: Robert Shiller and his book Irrational Exuberance for historic S&P 500 PE Ratio.
CAPE/Shiller PE Ratio : Shiller PE ratio for the S&P 500. Price earnings ratio is based on average inflation-adjusted earnings from the previous 10 years, known as the Cyclically Adjusted PE Ratio (CAPE Ratio), Shiller PE Ratio, or PE 10 FAQ. Data courtesy of Robert Shiller from his book, Irrational Exuberance.
Earnings Yield : S&P 500 Earnings Yield. Earnings Yield = trailing 12 month earnings divided by index price (or inverse PE) Yields following March, 2022 (including current yield) are estimated based on 12 month earnings through March, 2022 the latest reported by S&P. Source: Standard & Poor's
Price Book Ratio : S&P 500 price to book value ratio. Current price to book ratio is estimated based on current market price and S&P 500 book value as of March, 2022 the latest reported by S&P. Source: Standard & Poor's
Price Sales Ratio : S&P 500 Price to Sales Ratio (P/S or Price to Revenue). Current price to sales ratio is estimated based on current market price and 12 month sales ending March, 2022 the latest reported by S&P. Source: Standard & Poor's
Inflation Adjusted SP500 : Inflation adjusted SP500. Other than the current price, all prices are monthly average closing prices. Sources: Standard & Poor's Robert Shiller and his book Irrational Exuberance for historic S&P 500 prices, and historic CPIs.
Revenue Per Share : Trailing twelve month S&P 500 Sales Per Share (S&P 500 Revenue Per Share) non-inflation adjusted current dollars. Source: Standard & Poor's
Earnings Per Share : S&P 500 Earnings Per Share. 12-month real earnings per share inflation adjusted, constant August, 2022 dollars. Sources: Standard & Poor's for current S&P 500 Earnings. Robert Shiller and his book Irrational Exuberance for historic S&P 500 Earnings.
Disclaimer: This is not financial advice. Open-source scripts I publish in the community are largely meant to spark ideas that can be used as building blocks for part of a more robust trade management strategy. If you would like to implement a version of any script, I would recommend making significant additions/modifications to the strategy & risk management functions. If you don’t know how to program in Pine, then hire a Pine-coder. We can help!
Daily Session Windows background highlight indicatorIn intraday studies of stock indexes and Forex I have this weird habit of highlighting premarket, core session, lunch break and extended session with different backgrounds. If done by hand, this is tedious work that has to be repeated daily.
I think this feature should be built-in in TradingView. But it isn't.
For a few months now, I have been using this tiny indicator that does precisely that job. It saved me literally hours of focus time and mistakes. I have decided to revamp it and release it. I'm sure it can be useful to others.
Features:
Background color highlighting for premarket , core session , lunch hour and extended session of the trading day.
Session timing preset to match US session, but can be customized.
Can be enabled or disabled on a day of the week basis, including week-end.
Timezone is selectable, matches the chart's instrument but can be set independently to track a different timezone.
Not affected by the timezone you decided to assign to the chat's time scale.
Ready for stock indexes, but can be used to highlight Forex sessions too.
DR/IDR V1Defining Range DR and Implied Defining Range IDR for regular Session and overnight Session
This script is showing the IDR and DR for the regular trading session and for the overnight session based on the rules from the creator of the DR/IDR concept.
It works for all major Forex Pairs, BTC, ETH and the US Equity indices. This concept is based on rules and has a 80 % probability to be correct.
It should be applied in the 5 Min. Timeframe.
The timings for the RDR are from 09.30 - 10.30 am New York local time.
The timings for the ODR are from 03.00 - 04.00 am New York local time.
Rules:
1. If price in the 5 Min timeframe closes above the DR high after 10.30 am or 04.00 am then the DR low will be with 80 percent probability the low of the trading session. This is called confirmation.
2. If price in the 5 Min timeframe closes below the DR low after 10.30 am or 04.00 am then the DR high will be with 80 percent probability the high of the trading session. This is called confirmation.
3. If price closes above the IDR high after 10.30 am or 04.00 am it is an early indication that the low of the DR will be the low of the day and vice versa.
Credits:
This script imports the recently published (VisibleChart) library containing functions that return values calculated from the range of visible bars on the chart.
bmistiaen helped me a lot with this script. Thank you a lot.
Price Average ZonesThis indicator shows the areas where LONGS or SHORTS can be made, the areas are calculated based on the mathematical averages of the high and low peaks of the price.
It also has a line that shows the average of the price movement. you can make shorts when the price enters the orange zone called the "Short Zone".
You can make longs when the price enters the orange zone called the sell zone.
It works in all timeframes, personally I use it in 1 min and in 1 hour.
TT KillzonesThis indicator plots the 3 main trading zones : Asia, London, New York
Its is also possible to use a different color for the "High Trading Volume" timezone. It can be adjusted. Default is the overlapping time of London and New York Killzone
It also plots the CME open / close
This indocator can be used as example / copy for your own project!
Have fun!
Z Score BandThis is a band based on Z Score. What is Z Score? In layman's terms it's a method of finding outliers within a sequence of numbers. It's highly effective to quantify pump and dumps in the crypto market.
The middle line is a simple Exponential Moving Average, you can configure this with whatever period you prefer. It comes default with a period of 247 to which I find suitable for my style of trading. The upper and lower bound are determined by the standard deviation you choose in the settings, it comes with a default of 1.69 although I've heard people saying 2.5 is a better number to really pinpoint outliers.
Trading with this indicator is like trading with any band based indicator. The main difference is that this indicator's sole purpose when I wrote it is to help me find shorting positions in the futures market. On the contrary though, longs are also achievable although I rarely long the futures market.
If prices hit the upper bound and get rejected, it's probably because the move was an outlier, it doesn't happen often and when it does usually it reveals crypto's nature of buying spot and hedging short in the futures market. When prices stay above the upper bound, switch to a higher timeframe until we can see that it's still have some ways upwards.
What's true about using this as a shorting tool is also true with longs. However, it might not be as effective, I'd like to be proven wrong.
New Trading DayThis indicator creates an alert for a new trading day - as well as contains a variable that counts the number of bars that has passed since the trading day opened.
It posts the alert both on the chart and has an alert condition so it can be sent to you.
Price Action AverageThis indicator is perfect for scalping in 1 minute, it consists of a channel and a line that is made up of the average of the highs and lows of the price in 12 and 64 cycles.
The channel has as its center a 7 cycles SMA, when the average line (Called Signal, the purple one) crosses the upper band it is time to make a Long.
If it crosses the lower band it is time to make a short, if the line returns to the channel a signal appears to close the operation.
The indicator works with all timeframes, I use it on the 1 hour chart and I do the trades in 1 minute.
Heikin Ashi SupertrendAbout this Strategy
This supertrend strategy uses the Heikin Ashi candles to generate the supertrend but enters and exits trades using normal candle close prices. If you use the standard built in Supertrend indicator on Heikin Ashi candles, it will produce very unrealistic backtesting results because it uses the Heikin Ashi prices instead of the real prices. However, by signaling the supertrend reversals using Heikin Ashi while using standard candle close prices for the entries and exits, it corrects the backtesting errors and gives you a more realistic equity curve. You should set the chart to use standard candles and then hide them (the strategy creates the candles).
This strategy includes:
Plotting of Heikin Ashi candles
Heikin Ashi Supertrend
Long and Short Entry Signals
Move stop loss after trade is X% in profit
Profit Target
Stop Loss
Built in Alertatron automation
Alertatron Trade Automation Integration
For Alertatron integration, be sure to configure the strategy settings and "Enable Webhook Messages" before creating an alert with {{strategy.order.alert_message}} in the body of your alert message. Be sure to enable webhooks and point it to your Incoming Alertatron webhook URL.
Notes
While this strategy does pretty well during trending markets, It's worth noting that the Buy and Hold ROI is much better during peak times of the bull market
Not financial advice. Do not risk more than you can afford to lose.
Mark SessionsDisplays trading sessions in a very flexible way.
The main intention of this indicator is to give a way to display market sessions with your own style preferences and expectations and achieve cleanness of your chart.
This indicator allows to show up to 6 sessions plus day session. Time range of the sessions are set in timezone you choose. Mostly all settings can be set in one place and be inherited by all sessions. And of course after settings inheritage you still have a way to make session setting exceptions without changing others.
You can adjust any borders of the session to show, background to show, adjust labels attachment target and their alignments, change the color of sessions, and line styles. All of those settings can turn session picture in any presentation you like.
Enjoy and I'm open to hear your advices
Commodity Channel Index -30/30 by Jean-BiffleurUn CCI classique avec les bornes -30 et 30 ajoutées pour une strat scalping m1 m3 m5.
Physics CandlesPhysics Candles embed volume and motion physics directly onto price candles or market internals according to the cyclic pattern of financial securities. The indicator works on both real-time “ticks” and historical data using statistical modeling to highlight when these values, like volume or momentum, is unusual or relatively high for some periodic window in time. Each candle is made out of one or more sub-candles that each contain their own information of motion, which converts to the color and transparency, or brightness, of that particular candle segment. The segments extend throughout the entire candle, both body and wicks, and Thick Wicks can be implemented to see the color coding better. This candle segmentation allows you to see if all the volume or energy is evenly distributed throughout the candle or highly contained in one small portion of it, and how intense these values are compared to similar time periods without going to lower time frames. Candle segmentation can also change a trader’s perspective on how valuable the information is. A “low” volume candle, for instance, could signify high value short-term stopping volume if the volume is all concentrated in one segment.
The Candles are flexible. The physics information embedded on the candles need not be from the same price security or market internal as the chart when using the Physics Source option, and multiple Candles can be overlayed together. You could embed stock price Candles with market volume, market price Candles with stock momentum, market structure with internal acceleration, stock price with stock force, etc. My particular use case is scalping the SPX futures market (ES), whose price action is also dictated by the volume action in the associated cash market, or SPY, as well as a host of other securities. Physics allows you to embed the ES volume on the SPY price action, or the SPY volume on the ES price action, or you can combine them both by overlaying two Candle streams and increasing the Number of Overlays option to two. That option decreases the transparency levels of your coloring scheme so that overlaying multiple Candles converges toward the same visual color intensity as if you had one. The Candle and Physics Sources allows for both Symbols and Spreads to visualize Candle physics from a single ticker or some mathematical transformation of tickers.
Due to certain TradingView programming restrictions, each Candle can only be made out of a maximum of 8 candle segments, or an “8-bit” resolution. Since limits are just an opportunity to go beyond, the user has the option to stack multiple Candle indicators together to further increase the candle resolution. If you don’t want to see the Candles for some particular period of the day, you can hide them, or use the hiding feature to have multiple Candles calibrated to show multiple parts of the trading day. Securities tend to have low volume after hours with sharp spikes at the open or close. Multiple Candles can be used for multiple parts of the trading day to accommodate these different cycles in volume.
The Candles do not need be associated with the nominal security listed on the TV chart. The Candle Source allows the user to look at AAPL Candles, for instance, while on a TSLA or SPY chart, each with their respective volume actions integrated into the candles, for instance, to allow the user to see multiple security price and volume correlation on a single chart.
The physics information currently embeddable on Candles are volume or time, velocity, momentum, acceleration, force, and kinetic energy. In order to apply equations of motion containing a mass variable to financial securities, some analogous value for mass must be assumed. Traders often regard volume or time as inextricable variables to a securities price that can indicate the direction and strength of a move. Since mass is the inextricable variable to calculating the momentum, force, or kinetic energy of motion, the user has the option to assume either time or volume is analogous to mass. Volume may be a better option for mass as it is not strictly dependent on the speed of a security, whereas time is.
Data transformations and outlier statistics are used to color code the intensity of the physics for each candle segment relative to past periodic behavior. A million shares during pre-market or a million shares during noontime may be more intense signals than a typical million shares traded at the open, and should have more intense color signals. To account for a specific cyclic behavior in the market, the user can specify the Window and Cycle Time Frames. The Window Time Frame splits up a Cycle into windows, samples and aggregates the statistics for each window, then compares the current physics values against past values in the same window. Intraday traders may benefit from using a Daily Cycle with a 30-minute Window Time Frame and 1-minute Sample Time Frame. These settings sample and compare the physics of 1-minute candles within the current 30-minute window to the same 30-minute window statistics for all past trading days, up until the data limit imposed by TradingView, or until the Data Collection Start Date specified in the settings. Longer-term traders may benefit from using a Monthly Cycle with a Weekly Time Frame, or a Yearly Cycle with a Quarterly Time Frame.
Multiple statistics and data transformation methods are available to convey relative intensity in different ways for different trading signals. Physics Candles allows for both Normal and Log-Normal assumptions in the physics distribution. The data can then be transformed by Linear, Logarithmic, Z-Score, or Power-Law scoring, where scoring simply assigns an intensity to the relative physics value of each candle segment based on some mathematical transformation. Z-scoring often renders adequate detection by scoring the segment value, such as volume or momentum, according to the mean and standard deviation of the data set in each window of the cycle. Logarithmic or power-law transformation with a gamma below 1 decreases the disparity between intensities so more less-important signals will show up, whereas the power-law transformation with gamma values above 1 increases the disparity between intensities, so less more-important signals will show up. These scores are then converted to color and transparency between the Min Score and the Max Score Cutoffs. The Auto-Normalization feature can automatically pick these cutoffs specific to each window based on the mean and standard deviation of the data set, or the user can manually set them. Physics was developed with novices in mind so that most users could calibrate their own settings by plotting the candle segment distributions directly on the chart and fiddling with the settings to see how different cutoffs capture different portions of the distribution and affect the relative color intensities differently. Security distributions are often skewed with fat-tails, known as kurtosis, where high-volume segments for example, have a higher-probabilities than expected for a normal distribution. These distribution are really log-normal, so that taking the logarithm leads to a standard bell-shaped distribution. Taking the Z-score of the Log-Normal distribution could make the most statistical sense, but color sensitivity is a discretionary preference.
Background Philosophy
This indicator was developed to study and trade the physics of motion in financial securities from a visually intuitive perspective. Newton’s laws of motion are loosely applied to financial motion:
“A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force”.
Financial securities remain at rest, or in motion at constant speed up or down, unless acted upon by the force of traders exchanging securities.
“When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the force”.
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity, and force is the product of mass and acceleration. Traders render force on the security through the mass of their trading activity and the acceleration of price movement.
“If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions.”
Force arises from the interaction of traders, buyers and sellers. One body of motion, traders’ capitalization, exerts an equal and opposite force on another body of motion, the financial security. A securities movement arises at the expense of a buyer or seller’s capitalization.
Volume
The premise of this indicator assumes that volume, v, is an analogous means of measuring physical mass, m. This premise allows the application of the equations of motion to the movement of financial securities. We know from E=mc^2 that mass has energy. Energy can be used to create motion as kinetic energy. Taking a simple hypothetical example, the interaction of one short seller looking to cover lower and one buyer looking to sell higher exchange shares in a security at an agreed upon price to create volume or mass, and therefore, potential energy. Eventually the short seller will actively cover and buy the security from the previous buyer, moving the security higher, or the buyer will actively sell to the short seller, moving the security lower. The potential energy inherent in the initial consolidation or trading activity between buy and seller is now converted to kinetic energy on the subsequent trading activity that moves the securities price. The more potential energy that is created in the consolidation, the more kinetic energy there is to move price. This is why point and figure traders are said to give price targets based on the level of volatility or size of a consolidation range, or why Gann traders square price and time, as time is roughly proportional to mass and trading activity. The build-up of potential energy between short sellers and buyers in GME or TSLA led to their explosive moves beyond their standard fundamental valuations.
Position
Position, p, is simply the price or value of a financial security or market internal.
Time
Time, t, is another means of measuring mass to discover price behavior beyond the time snapshots that simple candle charts provide. We know from E=mc^2 that time is related to rest mass and energy given the speed of light, c, where time ≈ distance * sqrt(mass/E). This relation can also be derived from F=ma. The more mass there is, the longer it takes to compute the physics of a system. The more energy there is, the shorter it takes to compute the physics of a system. Similarly, more time is required to build a “resting” low-volatility trading consolidation with more mass. More energy added to that trading consolidation by competing buyers and sellers decreases the time it takes to build that same mass. Time is also related to price through velocity.
Velocity = (p(t1) – p(t0)) / p(t0)
Velocity, v, is the relative percent change of a securities price, p, over a period of time, t0 to t1. The period of time is between subsequent candles, and since time is constant between candles within the same timeframe, it is not used to calculate velocity or acceleration. Price moves faster with higher velocity, and slower with slower velocity, over the same fixed period of time. The product of velocity and mass gives momentum.
Momentum = mv
This indicator uses physics definition of momentum, not finance’s. In finance, momentum is defined as the amount of change in a securities price, either relative or absolute. This is definition is unfortunate, pun intended, since a one dollar move in a security from a thousand shares traded between a few traders has the exact same “momentum” as a one dollar move from millions of shares traded between hundreds of traders with everything else equal. If momentum is related to the energy of the move, momentum should consider both the level of activity in a price move, and the amount of that price move. If we equate mass to volume to account for the level of trading activity and use physics definition of momentum as the product of mass and velocity, this revised definition now gives a thousand-times more momentum to a one-dollar price move that has a thousand-times more volume behind it. If you want to use finance’s volume-less definition of momentum, use velocity in this indicator.
Acceleration = v(t1) – v(t0)
Acceleration, a, is the difference between velocities over some period of time, t0 to t1. Positive acceleration is necessary to increase a securities speed in the positive direction, while negative acceleration is necessary to decrease it. Acceleration is related to force by mass.
Force = ma
Force is required to change the speed of a securities valuation. Price movements with considerable force have considerably more impact on future direction. A change in direction requires force.
Kinetic Energy = 0.5mv^2
Kinetic energy is the energy that a financial security gains from the change in its velocity by force. The built-up of potential energy in trading consolidations can be converted to kinetic energy on a breakout from the consolidation.
Cycle Theory and Relativity
Just as the physics of motion is relative to a point of reference, so too should the physics of financial securities be relative to a point of reference. An object moving at a 100 mph towards another object moving in the same direction at 100 mph will not appear to be moving relative to each other, nor will they collide, but from an outsider observer, the objects are going 100 mph and will collide with significant impact if they run into a stationary object relative to the observer. Similarly, trading with a hundred thousand shares at the open when the average volume is a couple million may have a much smaller impact on the price compared to trading a hundred thousand shares pre-market when the average volume is ten thousand shares. The point of reference used in this indicator is the average statistics collected for a given Window Time Frame for every Cycle Time Frame. The physics values are normalized relative to these statistics.
Examples
The main chart of this publication shows the Force Candles for the SPY. An intense force candle is observed pre-market that implicates the directional overtone of the day. The assumption that direction should follow force arises from physical observation. If a large object is accelerating intensely in a particular direction, it may be fair to assume that the object continues its direction for the time being unless acted upon by another force.
The second example shows a similar Force Candle for the SPY that counters the assumption made in the first example and emphasizes the importance of both motion and context. While it’s fair to assume that a heavy highly accelerating object should continue its course, if that object runs into an obstacle, say a brick wall, it’s course may deviate. This example shows SPY running into the 50% retracement wall from the low of Mar 2020, a significant support level noted in literature. The example also conveys Gann’s idea of “lost motion”, where the SPY penetrated the 50% price but did not break through it. A brick wall is not one atom thick and price support is not one tick thick. An object can penetrate only one layer of a wall and not go through it.
The third example shows how Volume Candles can be used to identify scalping opportunities on the SPY and conveys why price behavior is as important as motion and context. It doesn’t take a brick wall to impede direction if you know that the person driving the car tends to forget to feed the cats before they leave. In the chart below, the SPY breaks down to a confluence of the 5-day SMA, 20-day SMA, and an important daily trendline (not shown) after the bullish bounce from the 50% retracement days earlier. High volume candles on the SMA signify stopping volume that reverse price direction. The character of the day changes. Bulls become more aggressive than bears with higher volume on upswings and resistance, whiles bears take on a defensive position with lower volume on downswings and support. High volume stopping candles are seen after rallies, and can tell you when to take profit, get out of a position, or go short. The character change can indicate that its relatively safe to re-enter bullish positions on many major supports, especially given the overarching bullish theme from the large reaction off the 50% retracement level.
The last example emphasizes the importance of relativity. The Volume Candles in the chart below are brightest pre-market even though the open has much higher volume since the pre-market activity is much higher compared to past pre-markets than the open is compared to past opens. Pre-market behavior is a good indicator for the character of the day. These bullish Volume Candles are some of the brightest seen since the bounce off the 50% retracement and indicates that bulls are making a relatively greater attempt to bring the SPY higher at the start of the day.
Infrequently Asked Questions
Where do I start?
The default settings are what I use to scalp the SPY throughout most of the extended trading day, on a one-minute chart using SPY volume. I also overlay another Candle set containing ES future volume on the SPY price structure by setting the Physics Source to ES1! and the Number of Overlays setting to 2 for each Candle stream in order to account for pre- and post-market trading activity better. Since the closing volume is exponential-like up until the end of the regular trading day, adding additional Candle streams with a tighter Window Time Frame (e.g., 2-5 minute) in the last 15 minutes of trading can be beneficial. The Hide feature can allow you to set certain intraday timeframes to hide one Candle set in order to show another Candle set during that time.
How crazy can you get with this indicator?
I hope you can answer this question better. One interesting use case is embedding the velocity of market volume onto an internal market structure. The PCTABOVEVWAP.US is a market statistic that indicates the percent of securities above their VWAP among US stocks and is helpful for determining short term trends in the US market. When securities are rising above their VWAP, the average long is up on the day and a rising PCTABOVEVWAP.US can be viewed as more bullish. When securities are falling below their VWAP, the average short is up on the day and a falling PCTABOVEVWAP.US can be viewed as more bearish. (UPVOL.US - DNVOL.US) / TVOL.US is a “spread” symbol, in TV parlance, that indicates the decimal percent difference between advancing volume and declining volume in the US market, showing the relative flow of volume between stocks that are up on the day, and stocks that are down on the day. Setting PCTABOVEVWAP.US in the Candle Source, (UPVOL.US - DNVOL.US) / TVOL.US in the Physics Source, and selecting the Physics to Velocity will embed the relative velocity of the spread symbol onto the PCTABOVEVWAP.US candles. This can be helpful in seeing short term trends in the US market that have an increasing amount of volume behind them compared to other trends. The chart below shows Volume Candles (top) and these Spread Candles (bottom). The first top at 9:30 and second top at 10:30, the high of the day, break down when the spread candles light up, showing a high velocity volume transfer from up stocks to down stocks.
How do I plot the indicator distribution and why should I even care?
The distribution is visually helpful in seeing how different normalization settings effect the distribution of candle segments. It is also helpful in seeing what physics intensities you want to ignore or show by segmenting part of the distribution within the Min and Max Cutoff values. The intensity of color is proportional to the physics value between the Min and Max Cutoff values, which correspond to the Min and Max Colors in your color scheme. Any physics value outside these Min and Max Cutoffs will be the same as the Min and Max Colors.
Select the Print Windows feature to show the window numbers according to the Cycle Time Frame and Window Time Frame settings. The window numbers are labeled at the start of each window and are candle width in size, so you may need to zoom into to see them. Selecting the Plot Window feature and input the window number of interest to shows the distribution of physics values for that particular window along with some statistics.
A log-normal volume distribution of segmented z-scores is shown below for 30-minute opening of the SPY. The Min and Max Cutoff at the top of the graph contain the part of the distribution whose intensities will be linearly color-coded between the Min and Max Colors of the color scheme. The part of the distribution below the Min Cutoff will be treated as lowest quality signals and set to the Min Color, while the few segments above the Max Cutoff will be treated as the highest quality signals and set to the Max Color.
What do I do if I don’t see anything?
Troubleshooting issues with this indicator can involve checking for error messages shown near the indicator name on the chart or using the Data Validation section to evaluate the statistics and normalization cutoffs. For example, if the Plot Window number is set to a window number that doesn’t exist, an error message will tell you and you won’t see any candles. You can use the Print Windows option to show windows that do exist for you current settings. The auto-normalization cutoff values may be inappropriate for your particular use case and literally cut the candles out of the chart. Try changing the chart time frame to see if they are appropriate for your cycle, sample and window time frames. If you get a “Timeframe passed to the request.security_lower_tf() function must be lower than the timeframe of the main chart” error, this means that the chart timeframe should be increased above the sample time frame. If you get a “Symbol resolve error”, ensure that you have correct symbol or spread in the Candle or Physics Source.
How do I see a relative physics values without cycles?
Set the Window Time Frame to be equal to the Cycle Time Frame. This will aggregate all the statistics into one bucket and show the physics values, such as volume, relative to all the past volumes that TV will allow.
How do I see candles without segmentation?
Segmentation can be very helpful in one context or annoying in another. Segmentation can be removed by setting the candle resolution value to 1.
Notes
I have yet to find a trading platform that consistently provides accurate real-time volume and pricing information, lacking adequate end-user data validation or quality control. I can provide plenty of examples of real-time volume counts or prices provided by TradingView and other platforms that were significantly off from what they should have been when comparing against the exchanges own data, and later retroactively corrected or not corrected at all. Since no indicator can work accurately with inaccurate data, please use at your own discretion.
The first version is a beta version. Debugging and validating code in Pine script is difficult without proper unit testing. Please report any bugs with enough information to reproduce them and indicate why they are important. I also encourage you to export the data from TradingView and verify the calculations for your particular use case.
The indicator works on real-time updates that occur at a higher frequency than the candle time frame, which TV incorrectly refers to as ticks. They use this terminology inaccurately as updates are really aggregated tick data that can take place at different prices and may not accurately reflect the real tick price action. Consequently, this inaccuracy also impacts the real-time segmentation accuracy to some degree. TV does not provide a means of retaining “tick” information, so the higher granularity of information seen real-time will be lost on a disconnect.
TV does not provide time and sales information. The volume and price information collected using the Sample Time Frame is intraday, which provides only part of the picture. Intraday volume is generally 50 to 80% of the end of day volume. Consequently, the daily+ OHLC prices are intraday, and may differ significantly from exchanged settled OHLC prices.
The Cycle and Window Time Frames refer to calendar days and time, not trading days or time. For example, the first window week of a monthly cycle is the first seven days of the month, not the first Monday through Friday of trading for the month.
Chart Time Frames that are higher than the Window Time Frames average the normalized physics for price action that occurred within a given Candle segment. It does not average price action that did not occur.
One of the main performance bottleneck in TradingView’s Pine Script is client-side drawing and plotting. The performance of this indicator can be increased by lowering the resolution (the number of sub-candles this indicator plots), getting a faster computer, or increasing the performance of your computer like plugging your laptop in and eliminating unnecessary processes.
The statistical integrity of this indicator relies on the number of samples collected per sample window in a given cycle. Higher sample counts can be obtained by increasing the chart time frame or upgrading the TradingView plan for a higher bar count. While increasing the chart time frame doesn’t increase the visual number of bars plotted on the chart, it does increase the number of bars that can be pulled at a lower time frame, up to 100,000.
Due to a limitation in Pine Scripts request_lower_tf() function, using a spread symbol will only work for regular trading hours, not extended trading hours.
Ideally, velocity or momentum should be calculated between candle closes. To eliminate the need to deal with price gaps that would lead to an incorrect statistical distributions, momentum is calculated between candle open and closes as a percent change of the price or value, which should not be an issue for most liquid securities.
Newzage - Fed Net LiquidityThe Fed Net Liquidity indicator is a concept discovered by Max Anderson to calculate the fair value of SPX (S&P 500 Index).
The formula he shared on Twitter uses the Fed Balance Sheet, TGA (Treasury General Account), and Reverse Repo.
Net Liquidity = Fed Balance Sheet - (TGA + Reverse Repo)
The data for each component above is accessible on the FRED website.
Fed Balance Sheet fred.stlouisfed.org
Treasury General Account (TGA) fred.stlouisfed.org
Reverse Repo fred.stlouisfed.org
This script uses net liquidity (NL) fair value calculation for SPX, then estimates entry and next target exit target for both long and short trades on SPY.
The script added RSI oversold/overbought signal to the original NL signal from Max... improving the "precision" of the buy/sell signals.
The script also uses RSI to estimate targets based on how overbought or oversold the index/SPY is.
ILM Overnight vs Intraday Performance - Tabular FormUse this indicator on Daily Timeframe
This script compares Overnight vs Intraday Performance based on the Day of the Week (DOW) - Sun - Sat of index/stock/currency/commodity symbols.
ON column indicates Overnight performance = open/close -1
ID column indicates Intraday performance = close-open/1
The calculations are detailed in the tooltips of the individual table cells.
ICT IPDA Look BackThis script automatically calculates and updates ICT's daily IPDA look back time intervals and their respective discount / equilibrium / premium, so you don't have to :)
IPDA stands for Interbank Price Delivery Algorithm. Said algorithm appears to be referencing the past 20, 40, and 60 days intervals as points of reference to define ranges and related PD arrays.
Intraday traders can find most value in the 20 Day Look Back box, by observing imbalances and points of interest.
Longer term traders can reference the 40 and 60 Day Look Back boxes for a clear indication of current market conditions.
Seasonality DOW - Day Of the Week - Tabular FormUse this indicator on Daily Timeframe
This indicator displays the seasonality data for any instrument (index/stock/ futures /currency) in a tabular data by day of the week - DOW ( Sun - Mon - Tue - Wed - Thu - Fri - Sat ).
User can change the start of the year for analysis from the inputs.
Year is represented in rows and Day of the week (DOW) is represented in cols.
This indicator uses Daily Data feed to calculate the % change
Summary data for DOW displayed as the last row
Seasonality Table - Tabular FormThis indicator displays the seasonality data for any instrument (index/stock/futures/currency) in a tabular data.
User can change the start of the year for analysis from the inputs.
Year is represented in rows and Month is represented in cols.
This indicator uses Monthly Data feed to calculate the % change
Summary data for the month is displayed as the last row
