BetaBeta , also known as the Beta coefficient, is a measure that compares the volatility of an individual underlying or portfolio to the volatility of the entire market, typically represented by a market index like the S&P 500 or an investible product such as the SPY ETF (SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust). A Beta value provides insight into how an asset's returns are expected to respond to market swings.
Interpretation of Beta Values
Beta = 1: The asset's volatility is in line with the market. If the market rises or falls, the asset is expected to move correspondingly.
Beta > 1: The asset is more volatile than the market. If the market rises or falls, the asset's price is expected to rise or fall more significantly.
Beta < 1 but > 0: The asset is less volatile than the market. It still moves in the same direction as the market but with less magnitude.
Beta = 0: The asset's returns are not correlated with the market's returns.
Beta < 0: The asset moves in the opposite direction to the market.
Example
A beta of 1.20 relative to the S&P 500 Index or SPY implies that if the S&P's return increases by 1%, the portfolio is expected to increase by 12.0%.
A beta of -0.10 relative to the S&P 500 Index or SPY implies that if the S&P's return increases by 1%, the portfolio is expected to decrease by 0.1%. In practical terms, this implies that the portfolio is expected to be predominantly 'market neutral' .
Calculation & Default Values
The Beta of an asset is calculated by dividing the covariance of the asset's returns with the market's returns by the variance of the market's returns over a certain period (standard period: 1 years, 250 trading days). Hint: It's noteworthy to mention that Beta can also be derived through linear regression analysis, although this technique is not employed in this Beta Indicator.
Formula: Beta = Covariance(Asset Returns, Market Returns) / Variance(Market Returns)
Reference Market: Essentially any reference market index or product can be used. The default reference is the SPY (SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust), primarily due to its investable nature and broad representation of the market. However, it's crucial to note that Beta can also be calculated by comparing specific underlyings, such as two different stocks or commodities, instead of comparing an asset to the broader market. This flexibility allows for a more tailored analysis of volatility and correlation, depending on the user's specific trading or investment focus.
Look-back Period: The standard look-back period is typically 1-5 years (250-1250 trading days), but this can be adjusted based on the user's preference and the specifics of the trading strategy. For robust estimations, use at least 250 trading days.
Option Delta: An optional feature in the Beta Indicator is the ability to select a specific Delta value if options are written on the underlying asset with Deltas less than 1, providing an estimation of the beta-weighted delta of the position. It involves multiplying the beta of the underlying asset by the delta of the option. This addition allows for a more precise assessment of the underlying asset's correspondence with the overall market in case you are an options trader. The default Delta value is set to 1, representing scenarios where no options on the underlying asset are being analyzed. This default setting aligns with analyzing the direct relationship between the asset itself and the market, without the layer of complexity introduced by options.
Calculation: Simple or Log Returns: In the calculation of Beta, users have the option to choose between using simple returns or log returns for both the asset and the market. The default setting is 'Simple Returns'.
Advantages of Using Beta
Risk Management: Beta provides a clear metric for understanding and managing the risk of a portfolio in relation to market movements.
Portfolio Diversification: By knowing the beta of various assets, investors can create a balanced portfolio that aligns with their risk tolerance and investment goals.
Performance Benchmarking: Beta allows investors to compare an asset's risk-adjusted performance against the market or other benchmarks.
Beta-Weighted Deltas for Options Traders
For options traders, understanding the beta-weighted delta is crucial. It involves multiplying the beta of the underlying asset by the delta of the option. This provides a more nuanced view of the option's risk relative to the overall market. However, it's important to note that the delta of an option is dynamic, changing with the asset's price, time to expiration, and other factors.
Optiontrading
Algo Trading Strategy (Nifty & BankNifty)What is Algo Trading Strategy ( Nifty & Bank Nifty )?
There are many 9 to 5 working professionals who have some spare money to invest each month but they can not do active trading because they are busy with their full time job.
So they wish to have an automated system which could take and close trades for them with a proven back-tested strategy, proper money management, ability to trade within particular timings, pre-defined maximum loss they can bear and so on.
To cater needs of such type of traders, we created from scratch; and published an 'AutoTrading Algo (Nifty & Bank Nifty) in Sep 2021. (The link is given below, please read on).
Many people who want to try this AutoTrading Algo want us to share stats of this algo with them.
In order to fulfil this demand, we have converted that "Algo Trading" Study into a Strategy whose description you are reading right now.
For all other queries related to how our "Algo Trading (Nifty & Bank Nifty)" works, what are its limitations, benefits and other features, please read the description of our main 'Algo Trading (Bank Nifty & Nifty )' study which is available at following link:
Note:
1. in order to test this strategy on longer time period, you must have a Premium TradingView account.
2. If you have premium TradingView account, the stats you generate will exactly match with our stats which we keep sharing in our channel.
3. To Enable Auto-Trading, You will need to connect this Algo with your broker's trading platform through 3rd party platforms. We will guide you on how to do this, when you contact us.
Algo Trading (Nifty & BankNifty)What is Algo Trading ( Nifty & Bank Nifty ) Indicator?
There are many 9 to 5 working professionals who have some spare money to invest each month but they can not do active trading because they are busy with their full time job.
So they wish to have an automated system which could take and close trades for them with a proven back-tested strategy, proper money management, ability to trade within particular timings, pre-defined maximum loss they can bear and so on.
This indicator facilities all such needs of working professionals.
How this indicator generates signals?
This indicator generates signals in 3 ways:
(a) Pricing action validated by Jump in Volume
(b) Moving Average Crossovers
(c) Zeta Force Signals as generated by our proprietary formula for Bank Nifty & Nifty
Once a threshold value is crossed, the Buy/Sell signal (LE & SE) appears on the chart and algo keeps track of the current state. Then this state is remembered for the loss or profit the trade is generating and position is closed either when loss crosses the set limit or when profitable trade starts receding.
What are the various features of this indicator?
(a) You can define your session timing i.e. the time period when you want your trades to be taken. For example: between 1000 hrs to 1330 hrs or so on.
(b) You can choose to close all positions by EOD . ( EOD is defined by the user. For example, if you set the session timing between 9:30 to 11:00 am, then indicator will not take any trades outside
this range).
(c) You can define the total loss you can bear during a particular day. For example, if total loss is 5% for the day, the algo stops taking further trades.
(d) You can set up either manual alerts for each event, for example Buy, Sell, Buy Close, Sell Close where you can customize the message you want to display or you can select the 'Any Alert()
function call' option which will generate pop up messages in TradeTron or Algoji friendly format. These signals can be routed to 3rd party platforms for execution. If you have TradeTron or
Algoji Account, you can enter your API key in algo settings, and after that the messages generated will contain your API Key by default.
What are the limitations of this indicator?
You can not make money with any indicator or algo if market is narrow range bound.
For you to make money, there must be a trend or mini-trend. Sometimes, price starts trending for a while and then reverses back. In such cases, multiple Stop Loss Hits might occur.
Can I use this for Option Trading also?
Deep in the money options behave like Futures only. So yes, you can use this algo for Options Trading by buying Deep in the money options.
Can I use this for trading in stocks or any other instrument?
No. The code has been hard-wired for Bank Nifty & Nifty (Indian Indices) only. A different, generic version of this algo is in the pipeline which can be used for Forex or Commodity and Stocks.
Call ratio spread debit indicatorCall ratio spread debit indicator developed by Chobotaru Brothers.
You need to have basic knowledge in option trading to use this indicator!
This spread is a DEBIT SPREAD.
The indicator shows P&L lines of the options strategy. Use only for stocks since the mathematical model of options for Future instruments is different from stocks. Plus, the days' representation in futures is also different from stocks (stocks have fewer days than futures ).
***Each strategy in options is based on different mathematical equations, use this indicator only for the strategy in the headline.***
What does the indicator do?
The indicator is based on the Black-Scholes model, which uses partial differential equations to determine the option pricing. Due to options non-linear behavior, it is hard to visualize the option price. The indicator calculates the solutions of the Black-Scholes equation and plots them on the chart so traders can view how the option pricing will behave.
How the indicator does it?
The indicator uses five values (four dominants and one less dominant) to solve the Black-Scholes equation. The values are stock price, the strike price of the option, time to expiration, risk-free interest rate, and implied volatility .
How the indicator help the users?
-View the risks and rewards so you can know the profit targets in advance which means you can compare different options in different strikes.
-View the volatility change impact so you can know the risk and the P&L changes in case of a change in the volatility over the life of the option before you enter the trade.
-View the passage of time impact so you can know where and when you could realize a profit.
-Multi-timeframes so you can stay on the same chart (Daily and below).
All these features are to help the user improve his analysis while trading options.
How to use it?
The user needs to obtain from the “option chain” the following inputs:
-Debit paid: The debit paid for one unit of options strategy. Minimum value: 0. 01 .
-Instrument price when entered spread: the stock price when you enter the options strategy.
-Upper strike price: the upper strike price of the options strategy.
-Lower strike price: the lower strike price of the options strategy.
- Upper Strike numbers of calls . This number has to be greater than the number of calls that were bought.
- Lower Strike number of calls . This number has to be less than the number of calls that were sold.
-Interest rate: find the risk-free interest rate from the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. Example: for 2% interest rate, input: 0.02.
-Days to expire: how many days until the option expires.
-Volatility: the implied volatility of the option bought/sold. Example: for 45% implied volatility , input: 0.45.
-Day of entry: A calendar day of the month that the option bought/sold.
-Month of entry: Calendar month the option bought/sold.
-Year of entry: Calendar year the option bought/sold.
After entering all the inputs, press Ok and you should see “Calculation Complete” on the chart.
The user should not change the entry date and days to expire inputs as time passes after he entered the trade.
How to access the indicator?
Use the link below to obtain access to the indicator
Put Bear Spread indicatorPut bear spread indicator developed by Chobotaru Brothers.
You need to have basic knowledge in option trading to use this indicator!
This spread is a DEBIT SPREAD.
The indicator shows P&L lines of the options strategy. Use only for stocks since the mathematical model of options for Future instruments is different from stocks. Plus, the days' representation in futures is also different from stocks (stocks have fewer days than futures ).
***Each strategy in options is based on different mathematical equations, use this indicator only for the strategy in the headline.***
What does the indicator do?
The indicator is based on the Black-Scholes model, which uses partial differential equations to determine the option pricing. Due to options non-linear behavior, it is hard to visualize the option price. The indicator calculates the solutions of the Black-Scholes equation and plots them on the chart so traders can view how the option pricing will behave.
How the indicator does it?
The indicator uses five values (four dominants and one less dominant) to solve the Black-Scholes equation. The values are stock price, the strike price of the option, time to expiration, risk-free interest rate, and implied volatility .
How the indicator help the users?
-View the risks and rewards so you can know the profit targets in advance which means you can compare different options in different strikes.
-View the volatility change impact so you can know the risk and the P&L changes in case of a change in the volatility over the life of the option before you enter the trade.
-View the passage of time impact so you can know where and when you could realize a profit.
-Multi-timeframes so you can stay on the same chart (Daily and below).
All these features are to help the user improve his analysis while trading options.
How to use it?
The user needs to obtain from the “option chain” the following inputs:
- Put spread price (Debit): The debit paid for one unit of options strategy.
-Instrument price when entered spread: the stock price when you enter the options strategy.
-Upper strike price: the upper strike price of the options strategy.
-Lower strike price: the lower strike price of the options strategy.
-Interest rate: find the risk-free interest rate from the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. Example: for 2% interest rate, input: 0.02.
-Days to expire: how many days until the option expires.
-Volatility: the implied volatility of the option bought/sold. Example: for 45% implied volatility , input: 0.45.
-Day of entry: A calendar day of the month that the option bought/sold.
-Month of entry: Calendar month the option bought/sold.
-Year of entry: Calendar year the option bought/sold.
-% of Max Profit/Loss: Profit/loss line defined by the user. Minimum input (-0.95) ; maximum input (0.95).
Example: In this spread, -0.95 means, 95% of the options strategy maximum loss is reached and, 0.95 means, 95% of the options strategy maximum profit is reached.
After entering all the inputs, press Ok and you should see “Calculation Complete” on the chart.
The user should not change the entry date and days to expire inputs as time passes after he entered the trade.
How to access the indicator?
Use the link below to obtain access to the indicator
Iron Condor / butterfly buy or sell indicatorIron Condor / butterfly indicator developed by Chobotaru Brothers.
You need to have basic knowledge in option trading to use this indicator!
The indicator shows P&L lines of the options strategy. Use only for stocks since the mathematical model of options for Future instruments is different from stocks. Plus, the days' representation in futures is also different from stocks (stocks have fewer days than futures ).
***Each strategy in options is based on different mathematical equations, use this indicator only for the strategy in the headline.***
What does the indicator do?
The indicator is based on the Black-Scholes model, which uses partial differential equations to determine the option pricing. Due to options non-linear behavior, it is hard to visualize the option price. The indicator calculates the solutions of the Black-Scholes equation and plots them on the chart so traders can view how the option pricing will behave.
How the indicator does it?
The indicator uses five values (four dominants and one less dominant) to solve the Black-Scholes equation. The values are stock price, the strike price of the option, time to expiration, risk-free interest rate, and implied volatility .
How the indicator help the users?
-View the risks and rewards so you can know the profit targets in advance which means you can compare different options in different strikes.
-View the volatility change impact so you can know the risk and the P&L changes in case of a change in the volatility over the life of the option before you enter the trade.
-View the passage of time impact so you can know where and when you could realize a profit.
-Multi-timeframes so you can stay on the same chart (Daily and below).
All these features are to help the user improve his analysis while trading options.
How to use it?
The user needs to obtain from the “option chain” the following inputs:
-Buy or sell (the strategy)
- Iron Condor price bought/sold: enter the price that you bought/sold one options strategy.
-Instrument price when bought/sold: the stock price when you bought/sold the options strategy.
-Upper strike price Top: the top upper strike price of the options strategy.
-Lower strike price Top: the top lower strike price of the options strategy.
-Upper strike price Bottom: the bottom upper strike price of the options strategy.
-Lower strike price Bottom: the bottom lower strike price of the options strategy.
-Interest rate: find the risk-free interest rate from the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. Example: for 2% interest rate, input: 0.02.
-Days to expire: how many days until the option expires.
-Volatility: the implied volatility of the option bought/sold. Example: for 45% implied volatility , input: 0.45.
-Day of entry: A calendar day of the month that the option bought/sold.
-Month of entry: Calendar month the option bought/sold.
-Year of entry: Calendar year the option bought/sold.
-% of Profit/Loss: Profit/loss line defined by the user. Minimum input (-0.95) ; maximum input (0.95).
Example: If the strategy was bought, -0.95 means, 95% of the options strategy maximum loss is reached. : If the strategy was bought, 0.95 means, 95% of the options strategy maximum profit is reached.
After entering all the inputs, press Ok and you should see “Calculation Complete” on the chart.
The user should not change the entry date and days to expire inputs as time passes after he entered the trade.
How to access the indicator?
Use the link below to obtain access to the indicator
Straddle / strangle buy or sell indicatorStraddle / strangle buy or sell indicator developed by Chobotaru Brothers.
You need to have basic knowledge in option trading to use this indicator!
The indicator shows P&L lines of the options strategy. Use only for stocks since the mathematical model of options for Future instruments is different from stocks. Plus, the days' representation in futures is also different from stocks (stocks have fewer days than futures ).
***Each strategy in options is based on different mathematical equations, use this indicator only for the strategy in the headline.***
What does the indicator do?
The indicator is based on the Black-Scholes model, which uses partial differential equations to determine the option pricing. Due to options non-linear behavior, it is hard to visualize the option price. The indicator calculates the solutions of the Black-Scholes equation and plots them on the chart so traders can view how the option pricing will behave.
How the indicator does it?
The indicator uses five values (four dominants and one less dominant) to solve the Black-Scholes equation. The values are stock price, the strike price of the option, time to expiration, risk-free interest rate, and implied volatility .
How the indicator help the users?
-View the risks and rewards so you can know the profit targets in advance which means you can compare different options in different strikes.
-View the volatility change impact so you can know the risk and the P&L changes in case of a change in the volatility over the life of the option before you enter the trade.
-View the passage of time impact so you can know where and when you could realize a profit.
-Multi-timeframes so you can stay on the same chart (Daily and below).
All these features are to help the user improve his analysis while trading options.
How to use it?
The user needs to obtain from the “option chain” the following inputs:
-Buy or sell (the strategy)
- Straddle/strangle price bought/sold: enter the price that you bought/sold one options strategy.
-Instrument price when bought/sold: the stock price when you bought/sold the options strategy.
-Upper strike price: the upper strike price of the options strategy.
-Lower strike price: the lower strike price of the options strategy.
-Interest rate: find the risk-free interest rate from the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. Example: for 2% interest rate, input: 0.02.
-Days to expire: how many days until the option expires.
-Volatility: the implied volatility of the option bought/sold. Example: for 45% implied volatility , input: 0.45.
-Day of entry: A calendar day of the month that the option bought/sold.
-Month of entry: Calendar month the option bought/sold.
-Year of entry: Calendar year the option bought/sold.
-Risk to reward: Profit/loss line defined by the user. Minimum input (-0.95) ; maximum input (3).
Example: If the strategy was bought, -0.95 means, 95% of the options strategy value is lost (unrealized). If the strategy was bought, 3 means, the risk to reward is 3.
After entering all the inputs, press Ok and you should see “Calculation Complete” on the chart.
The user should not change the entry date and days to expire inputs as time passes after he entered the trade.
How to access the indicator?
Use the link below to obtain access to the indicator
Call option buy or sell indicatorCall option indicator developed by Chobotaru Brothers.
You need to have basic knowledge in option trading to use this indicator!
The indicator shows P&L lines of the options strategy. Use only for stocks since the mathematical model of options for Future instruments is different from stocks. Plus, the days' representation in futures is also different from stocks (stocks have fewer days than futures ).
***Each strategy in options is based on different mathematical equations, use this indicator only for the strategy in the headline.***
What does the indicator do?
The indicator is based on the Black-Scholes model, which uses partial differential equations to determine the option pricing. Due to options non-linear behavior, it is hard to visualize the option price. The indicator calculates the solutions of the Black-Scholes equation and plots them on the chart so traders can view how the option pricing will behave.
How the indicator does it?
The indicator uses five values (four dominants and one less dominant) to solve the Black-Scholes equation. The values are stock price, the strike price of the option, time to expiration, risk-free interest rate, and implied volatility .
How the indicator help the users?
-View the risks and rewards so you can know the profit targets in advance which means you can compare different options in different strikes.
-View the volatility change impact so you can know the risk and the P&L changes in case of a change in the volatility over the life of the option before you enter the trade.
-View the passage of time impact so you can know where and when you could realize a profit.
-Multi-timeframes so you can stay on the same chart (Daily and below).
All these features are to help the user improve his analysis while trading options.
How to use it?
The user needs to obtain from the “option chain” the following inputs:
-Buy or sell (the strategy)
-The option price bought: at what price did you bought/sold one option.
-Instrument price when bought: the stock price when you bought/sold the option.
-Strike price: the strike price of the option.
-Interest rate: find the risk-free interest rate from the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. Example: for 2% interest rate, input: 0.02.
-Days to expire: how many days until the option expires.
-Volatility: the implied volatility of the option bought/sold. Example: for 45% implied volatility , input: 0.45.
-Day of entry: A calendar day of the month that the option bought/sold.
-Month of entry: Calendar month the option bought/sold.
-Year of entry: Calendar year the option bought/sold.
-Risk to reward: Profit/loss line defined by the user. Minimum input (-0.95) ; maximum input (3).
Example: If an option was bought, -0.95 means, 95% of the option value is lost (unrealized). If an option was bought, 3 means, the risk to reward is 3.
After entering all the inputs, press Ok and you should see “Calculation Complete” on the chart.
The user should not change the entry date and days to expire inputs as time passes after he entered the trade.
How to access the indicator?
Use the link below to obtain access to the indicator
Zeta BreakoutIf I ask you what moves the price, most of you will say the same old answer: Demand & Supply
But who creates Demand & Supply? You or Me, the retailers? No. It is Big Institutions and Mutual Funds and Big Banks which create this demand and supply because the
share of retailers in Stock Market is so little it does not affect the price in a big way.
The Big Institutions, Mutual Funds, Big Banks or in some cases Governments, are collectively called Smart Money.
When Smart Money steps in, the previous levels of Support or Resistance are broken and then the up or down move starts which most probably goes a certain distance.
Now the Support or Resistance levels are not static, they are dynamic in nature and keep changing with the time.
How does this indicator work?
Zeta Breakout dynamically and automatically detects and marks these levels and when the price break-outs or break-downs or bounces up or down from these levels, the Buy or Sell Signals are generated for you to follow.
The indicator keeps watching previous or newly created levels of Support or Resistance and as soon as price crosses these levels or bounces from these levels, the user is alerted in the form of 'Buy' or 'Sell' Signals.
How to use this indicator?
1. When you see a Buy Signal, take Buy Position and hold it till either (a) You see opposite signal or (b) Your Stop Loss is hit which is ideally the low of candle preceding the signal candle or any other user defined SL. If your stop loss is hit and then price again starts moving in the same direction as indicated by the last Buy signal, take a fresh position as soon as the price crosses the level where previous signal is sitting.
2. When you see a Sell Signal, close your Buy Position, take a Sell position and hold it till either (a) You see opposite signal or (b) Your Stop Loss is hit which is ideally the high of candle preceding the signal candle or any user defined SL. If your stop loss is hit and then price again starts moving in the same direction as indicated by the last Sell signal, take a fresh position as soon as the price crosses the level where previous signal is sitting.
What are the target instruments/markets for this indicator?
This indicator can be used on Stocks, Indices, Gold , Silver , Currency Pairs, Crude Oil or anything being trades on any exchange in the world.
This indicator is not limited to any specific time-frame. You may select any time-frame which suits your trading style.
How can you get this indicator?
This is an invite-only paid indicator but we can give you FREE TRIAL for 05 days if you are interested.
For Free Trial, send a message to @jellygill
Zeta ForceBank Nifty is an Index which comprises of 12 Banking Stocks.
Zeta Force indicator tracks underlying stocks’ Price & Volume simultaneously to detect sudden momentum in this index.
Based upon its calculations, Zeta Force indicator calculates V+, V-, Zeta Force & Zeta TP variables and generates Buy/Sell signals when major changes are detected in these variables.
Since price is a major factor in Zeta Force calculations and price keeps fluctuating during candle formation, traders need to wait a little to see if the Buy/Sell signal sustains or not.
Once the candle gets closed, the Signal will not repaint itself.
The best time frame to use with this indicator is 15 minute and 10 minute.
Do not use with lower time-frames as settings have been coded for 10 or 15 minute time frame only.
This is only Bank Nifty specific indicator and can not be used for Nifty or other stocks.
