PSAR-Support ResistanceParabolic Support Resistance -PSAR SR is based on the Dynamic Reversal Points of Price. This indicator eliminates the false signals of regular Parabolic SAR (Stop and Reverse). The Price of previous SAR Reversal point is plotted as Support and Resistance. The idea is to trade only after the previous reversal point is crossed and a new candle formation above / below the support resistance lines.
Price moves sideways in between the S/R Lines mostly.
Buy and Sell Signals are based on normal P-SAR settings however this S/R must be considered. Please be aware that the indicator cannot be used as a stand alone. Please make required confirmations before going into action.
Disclaimer: Please use it at your own Risk.
Support
Trend crossierHello there!
I would like to share my script.
This is S/R levels indicator based on custom range for each step used for computing minimum/maximum of the range.
For example - we predefined step with 50 candles as one, after we have got the minimum and maximum of it - we come to the next 50 candles and do the same to it.
Finaly - we have got 20 lines for 10 steps.
After that - we set the ( SMA * mult) to have step between lines and if N of lines in range of step from eachother(if a+step > b and b+step > c ...) we call it a strong level.
It is not my idea(but my code), so I do not claim the uniqueness of this idea (the customer asked me to code it, but I also read about this method in open sources before).
The second thing - vectors of current trend direction on different timeframes.
For this task I took the same ranges, but ema () of each range. After first step it has an array with N values.
The next thing it does is take out "chain" one by one on each iteration. How does it do that? We take new AVG with neighbor values.
If we have 10 length at start - after iteration it becomes 9. So it repeats computing till length is 2.
After we have 2 points left - we can plot the line using indexes.
This way we can see the trend direction on different timeframes.
Feel free to use, change, put into another scripts. You can even never use it!
The right to publish this particular code was issued by the customer.
Have fun!
Sup/Res Levels [QuantVue]Shows basic pivot point of support and resistance levels. Will show alerts for break of sup. or res. Allows for a volume filter for sup. res. breaks as well.
"B" means break of either a Sup. or Res. level with volume greater than the threshold.
"Bull/Bear Wick" means bullish/bearish candle on break.
Left - number of bars left hand side of the pivot .
Right - number of bars right hand side of the pivot .
Volume Thres. - the threshold value (%) for the Volume.
This indicator is useful to filter our insignificant breaks of sup. or res. Can help trader determine when to sit on their hands, or enter a trade.
Support and Resistancewhat is "Support and Resistance"?
it is a support and resistance indicator.
what it does?
it draw support and resistance zones on the chart.
how it does it?
It determines the zones where the price leaves with a big candle after going horizontal for a while as support or resistance zones according to the price movement direction. while doing this, it compares the size of the candles and the elapsed time.
how to use it?
Red zones represent resistance and green zones represent support. You can buy in the support zone or sell in the resistance zone. my advice is to make your own interpretation by taking into account the price movement with different indicators. they are considered useful if there is a closure beyond the zones. otherwise, they continue to be shifted to the right.
notice: As new zones are created, old ones may disappear. so it might be wise to draw boxes using drawing tools where the old zones are.
Support and resistance are very important concepts for technical analysis. so I am thinking of updating and improving this indicator many times in the long run. but I couldn't wait long to post it.
examples:
Anchored VWAP BandSimple script to anchor vwap to a drag and drop spot on the chart and display it as a band instead of a line.
the AVAP Band displays:
1. The AVWAP using High as the source
2. The AVWAP using OHLC4 as the source
3. The AVWAP using Low as the source
This is just a different way of visualising VWAP from an anchored point in time (Band vs Line)
Fixed Fibonacci Support ResistanceI took the formula of the fibonacci from LonesomeTheBlue and made this script. You can take a look at his indicator here:
When you first add the indicator on the chart, click on the chart to select the first date and then the second date. It will then calculate the fibonacci support and resistance of the range you choose. You can also choose the date inside the inputs.
Be sure the first date is before the second date, otherwise it won't be able to show the fibonacci. If that happen, choose a correct date in the inputs.
Simple OHLC Custom Range Interactive█ OVERVIEW
This indicator show lines of OHLC which can be commonly used as support and resistance zones.
OHLC can be shown table with candlestick visual.
Color of candlestick depends on direction of bullish / bearish of the chosen candlestick.
█ INSPIRATION
Inspired by design, code and usage of CAGR . Basic usage of custom range / interactive, pretty much explained here . Credits to TradingView .
█ FEATURES
Table can positioned by any position and font size can be resized.
OHLC can be in full or simple name.
Lines can be extend either right, left, both or none.
█ HOW TO USE
Only 1 point is required.
Dont worry about magnet, point will attached depends on High or Low of the candle.
█ USAGE / TIPS EXAMPLES (Description explained in each image)
DonchianFib[Akcay]How does it work?
- The indicator detects the highest and lowest price level in the last x periods every time prices advance by x periods.
- From these values, retracement (0.618, 0.786) and expansion levels (1.272, 1.618, 2, 2.618, 3.14, 3.618, 4.236) are obtained.
- Since the symmetrical counterpart of the retracement levels is used, there are two of each of the 0.618 and 0.786 lines, for a total of four.
How can it be used?
- It can be used for step buying.
- It can be used for step selling.
- Can be used to set a profit target.
- Can be used to set a stop target.
- This indicator can be used in the same way as Pivot levels can be used. You can think of this indicator like the Pivot Points Standard indicator, where you set the period more flexibly.
Which indicators can it be combined with?
- I don't think there are any limitations, but I think it is compatible with trend detection indicators, trend detection with DonchianFib, and stepped buy/sell with limit orders.
- If you want to enter a position with mismatch signals, you can wait for the DonchianFib levels to break.
- Its use is limited by your imagination :)
Where does the name come from?
- As the name suggests, Donchian Channels. I was inspired by Donchian Channels when developing the indicator. Donchian channels show the highs and lows of prices over the last x number of periods. DonchianFib does this once for every x periods and uses the fibonacci levels to create upper and intermediate levels.
Note : I don't know if such an indicator has been done before or not. If it has been done, I haven't seen it in tradingview.
Çalışma mantığı nedir ?
- Gösterge, fiyatlar her x periyot kadar ilerlediğinde son x periyot içerisindeki en yüksek ve en düşük fiyat seviyesini tespit eder.
- Bu değerler üzerinden geri çekilme (0.618, 0.786) ve genişleme seviyeleri (1.272, 1.618, 2, 2.618, 3.14, 3.618, 4.236) elde edilir.
- Geri çekilme seviyelerinin simetrik karşılığı kullanıldığından 0.618 ve 0.786 çizgilerinden her birinden iki adet olmak üzere toplamda dört adet bulunur.
Nasıl kullanılabilir ?
- Kademeli alım yapmak için kullanılabilir.
- Kademeli satım yapmak için kullanılabilir.
- Kâr hedefi belirlemek için kullanılabilir.
- Stop hedefi belirlemek için kullanılabilir.
- Pivot seviyelerinden nasıl faydalanılıyorsa bu göstergeden de aynı şekilde faydalanılabilir. Bu göstergeyi, periyodunu kendinizin daha esnek bir şekilde belirlediğiniz Pivot Noktalar Standartı göstergesi gibi düşünebilirsiniz.
Hangi göstergelerle kombine edilebilir ?
- Bunun için herhangi sınırlama yapmak doğru değil ancak trend tespit etmeye çalışan göstergelerle uyumlu olduğunu düşünüyorum. Bu göstergeler ile trend tespiti yapıp DonchianFib ile alım/satım yerleri belirlenebilir ve limit emirleri ile kademeli alım/satım yapılabilir.
- Uyuşmazlık sinyalleri ile pozisyona girilmek isteniliyorsa DonchianFib seviyelerinin kırılması beklenebilir.
- Kullanımı sizin hayal gücünüz ile sınırlıdır :)
Adı nereden geliyor ?
- Adından da anlaşılacağı üzere Donchian Kanallarından. Göstergeyi geliştirirken Donchian Kanallarından ilham aldım. Donchian kanalları fiyatların son x periyot içerisindeki en yüksek ve en düşük seviyelerini grafikte gösteriyor. DonchianFib ise bunu her x periyot için bir defa yapıp, fibonacci seviyelerini de kullanarak üst ve ara seviyeler oluşturuyor.
Not : Daha önce böyle bir göstergenin yapılıp yapılmadığını bilmiyorum. Yapıldı ise ben tradingview'da görmedim.
Multi Timeframe Support and Resistance [ABA Invest]About
Automatic level of support and resistance ( SnR ) in the chart. It helps users to decide where is the level of SnR and also optimize the level by changing the input base on their needs
Input:
Pivot - The number of bars left and right side of the pivot to choose how detailed the SnR level
Type - To draw the line on the candle wick endpoints or body
Timeframes option - you can choose to display other timeframes beside the current chart timeframe
Adaptive moving average - to help users identify breaks of the SnR level with the moving average line
Line length - length of the moving average line if you activate the adaptive moving average option
How to use:
Attach the indicator to the chart and then you will find the red and green lines. Red line work as resistance level and green line works as support level and also you can merge adjacent line levels into an area of SnR.
The Adaptive moving average (AMA) line function is to see the break of SnR level and prepare for the setup.
Buy setup: AMA line break resistance level, when the price retest the support (the previous break resistance) we can enter buy trade
Sell setup: AMA line break support level, when the price retest the resistance (the previous break support) we can enter sell trade
Note: Don’t blindly follow the AMA trend signal
Extreme Volume Support Resistance LevelsExtreme Volume Support Resistance Levels are S/R levels(zones, basically), based on extreme volume .
Settings:
Lookback -- number of bars, which algorithm will be using;
Volume Threshold Period -- period of MA (Volume MA), which smoothers volume in order to find the extremes;
Volume Threshold Multiplier -- multiplier for Volume MA, which "lift" Volume MA and thus will provide the algorithm with more accurate extreme volume ;
Number of zones to show -- number of last S/R zones, which will be shown on the chart.
RU:
Extreme Volume Support Resistance Levels — это уровни S/R (зоны, в основном), основанные на избыточном объеме.
Параметры:
Lookback -- число баров, которое алгоритм будет использовать для расчётов;
Volume Threshold Period -- период MA (Volume MA), которая сглаживает объем для нахождения экстремумов объёма;
Volume Threshold Multiplier -- множитель для Volume MA, который "поднимает" Volume MA и тем самым обеспечивает алгоритм более точными значениями экстремального объёма;
Количество зон для отображения -- количество оставшихся зон S/R, которые отображаются на графике.
VWAP & Previous VWAP - MTF█ Volume Weighted Average Price & Previous Volume Weighted Average Price - Multi Timeframe
This script can display the daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly and rolling VWAP but also the previous ones.
█ Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP)
The VWAP is a technical analysis tool used to measure the average price weighted by volume.
VWAP is typically used with intraday charts as a way to determine the general direction of intraday prices.
VWAP is similar to a moving average in that when price is above VWAP, prices are rising and when price is below VWAP, prices are falling.
VWAP is primarily used by technical analysts to identify market trends.
█ Rolling VWAP
The typical VWAP is designed to be used on intraday charts, as it resets at the beginning of the day.
Such VWAPs cannot be used on daily, weekly or monthly charts. Instead, this rolling VWAP uses a time period that automatically adjusts to the chart's timeframe.
You can thus use the rolling VWAP on any chart that includes volume information in its data feed.
Because the rolling VWAP uses a moving window, it does not exhibit the jumpiness of VWAP plots that reset.
For the version with standard deviation bands.
MTF VWAP & StDev Bands
4C Expected Move (Weekly Options)This indicator plots the Expected Move (EM) calculated from weekly options pricing, for a quick visual reference.
The EM is the amount that a stock is predicted to increase or decrease from its current price, based on the current level of implied volatility.
This range can be viewed as support and resistance, or once price gets outside of the range, institutional hedging actions can accelerate the move in that direction.
The EM range is based on the Weekly close of the prior week.
It can be useful to know what the weekly EM range is for a stock to understand the probabilities of the overall distance, direction and volatility for the week.
To use this indicator you must have access to a broker with options data (not available on Tradingview).
Look at the stock's option chain and find the weekly expected move. You will have to do your own research to find where this information is displayed depending on your broker.
See screenshot example on the chart. This is the Thinkorswim platform's option chain, and the Implied Volatility % and the calculated EM is circled in red. Use the +- number in parentheses, NOT the % value.
Input that number into the indicator on a weekly basis, ideally on the weekend sometime after the cash market close on Friday, and before the Market open at the beginning of the trading week.
The indicator must be manually updated each week.
It will automatically start over at the beginning of the week.
Gap ZonesSharing a simple gap zone identifier, simply detects gap up/down areas and plots them for visual reference. Calculation uses new candle open compared to previous candle close and draws the zone, a mid point is plotted also as far too often it's significance is proven effective.
Works on any timeframe and market though I recommend utilizing timeframes such as weekly or daily for viewing at lower timeframes such as 5, 15 or 30 minutes.
Often price is observed reaching towards zone high/mid/low before rejection/bouncing. These gap zones can give quantitative basis for trade management.
Future features may include alerts based on price crossing up/down gap low, mid and highs. Feel free to message with any other suggestions.
MTF MA Ribbon and Bands + BB, Gaussian F. and R. VWAP with StDev█ Multi Timeframe Moving Average Ribbon and Bands + Bollinger Bands, Gaussian Filter and Rolling Volume Weighted Average Price with Standard Deviation Bands
Up to 9 moving averages can be independently applied.
The length , type and timeframe of each moving average are configurable .
The lines, colors and background fill are customizable too.
This script can also display:
Moving Average Bands
Bollinger Bands
Gaussian Filter
Rolling VWAP and Standard Deviation Bands
Types of Moving Averages:
Simple Moving Average (SMA)
Exponential Moving Average (EMA)
Smoothed Moving Average (SMMA)
Weighted Moving Average (WMA)
Volume Weighted Moving Average (VWMA)
Least Squares Moving Average (LSMA)
Hull Moving Average (HMA)
Arnaud Legoux Moving Average (ALMA)
█ Moving Average
Moving Averages are price based, lagging (or reactive) indicators that display the average price of a security over a set period of time.
A Moving Average is a good way to gauge momentum as well as to confirm trends, and define areas of support and resistance.
█ Bollinger Bands
Bollinger Bands consist of a band of three lines which are plotted in relation to security prices.
The line in the middle is usually a Simple Moving Average (SMA) set to a period of 20 days (the type of trend line and period can be changed by the trader, a 20 day moving average is by far the most popular).
The SMA then serves as a base for the Upper and Lower Bands which are used as a way to measure volatility by observing the relationship between the Bands and price.
█ Gaussian Filter
Gaussian filter can be used for smoothing.
It rejects high frequencies (fast movements) better than an EMA and has lower lag.
A Gaussian filter is one whose transfer response is described by the familiar Gaussian bell-shaped curve.
In the case of low-pass filters, only the upper half of the curve describes the filter.
The use of gaussian filters is a move toward achieving the dual goal of reducing lag and reducing the lag of high-frequency components relative to the lag of lower-frequency components.
█ Rolling VWAP
The typical VWAP is designed to be used on intraday charts, as it resets at the beginning of the day.
Such VWAPs cannot be used on daily, weekly or monthly charts. Instead, this rolling VWAP uses a time period that automatically adjusts to the chart's timeframe.
You can thus use the rolling VWAP on any chart that includes volume information in its data feed.
Because the rolling VWAP uses a moving window, it does not exhibit the jumpiness of VWAP plots that reset.
Made with the help from scripts of: adam24x, VishvaP, loxx and pmk07.
Trend SuggestionsThis brings together a number of variables to produce trend predictions that could be utilized as decision-making tools.
Uses the aforementioned price and volume derivatives
- A moving average and three weighted moving averages (WMA1, WMA2, WMA3)
- Super Trend Line (ST)
- Opening Range Breakout on Five Minutes, Resistance Bands Pocket pivots, support, and price volume
he Direction is determined by the High and Low Bands of WMAs and the Supertrend Line, which are used to determine the Upper and Lower Lines around the Price. When the price passes below the lower boundary of the band, a downtrend is said to have begun.
Similarly, for an uptrend, this continues until the price passes over the upper edge of the band. Teal for an uptrend and fuchsia for a downturn area shared by the band to identify the trend.
The first five minutes of the breakout lines have a tiny buffer augmentation of 11% applied to them.
Based on what has been observed, support and resistance zones have been somewhat changed from the figures that are often utilized (might work other markets as well)
The markings that may be seen are as follows:
- Blue Triangle indicates a pocket pivot with an upward bias;
- Maroon Triangle indicates a pocket pivot with a downward bias;
- Teal colored Diamonds indicate price upthrusts and potential trend confirmation locations, depending on success or failure.
- Similar backdrop color changes that look as vertical shading are also used to identify them.
- Fuchsia-colored diamonds indicate price declines and a potential trend, depending on whether it persists or fails.
- Dark green and maroon square boxes indicate potential price reversals in the support and resistance bands, respectively.
It goes without saying that this work is derived from numerous other open-source community initiatives.
Feel free to adjust anything you'd like, and we appreciate any feedback.
PA Swings [TTA]Hello traders!
This script helps identify swing high levels of resistance and swing low levels of support via price action.
The indicator is designed to help identify support and resistance by measuring retracements. When the retracement has reached the threshold, the indicator identifies the high or low with a horizontal, solid line.
This line will continue until it is violated. Once it is violated it will adjust to a dashed line and continue until it is violated again (retested).
Therefore, a solid line resembles an unviolated swing level; a dashed line resembles a violated swing level that has yet to be retested.
Ideally, this script will filter some movements by identifying impulses in the market. Knowing that price is in a trending move rather than bouncing around in a range can help traders in their analysis. In range bound conditions the indicator will show small impulses, sometimes trapped by a support and/or resistance line. In trending markets there will be separation between the support and resistance lines.
Retests are also identified by the indicator.
Retests of swing highs and lows may induce precise, repeatable price moves - something a trader might find advantageous. A log is included to help identify potential price levels based on historical actions when an impulse or a retest occurs.
Consequently, this may help traders identify take-profit targets and avoid stop losses that are too close to the entry point.
The indicator has a color identity panel to help you get familiar with the colored lines, line types, and what they mean. The color panel is concealable. Additional customization options are available, such as toggling the chart labels. These labels distinguish impulses up and down, retests, and the distance price has traveled since breaking or creating a support or resistance level.
This can be toggled off. A High-Volume Swings only option is available for those that wish to filter out low volume movements (such as extended market hours).
You also have the option of hiding far away lines and can define what is “far away” for them % wise. It is defaulted to 15% which may need to be adjusted on lower timeframes.
Inactive lines can be shown or they can be removed in the settings as well. While this indicator can find some great levels of support or resistance it is important to remember that, should you find this script helpful, it is a tool in your toolbox!! (:
Hope you enjoy and thank you for checking this out!
Psychological levels (Bank levels) PsychoLevels v2 - TartigradiaPsychological levels (Bank levels) plots "round" price levels above and below current price, by truncating after the nth leftmost digits, based on neuroscience research of how humans intuitively calculate in logarithms.
Psychological levels, also called bank levels, are "round" price numbers around which price often experience resistance or support, because traders and investors tend to set orders around these round numbers.
Calculation here is fully automatic and dynamic, contrary to other similar scripts, this one uses a mathematical calculation that extracts the 1, 2 or 3 leftmost digits and calculate the previous and next level by incrementing/decrementing these digits. This means it works for any symbol under any price range.
This approach is based on neuroscience research, which found that human brains intuitively approximate numbers on a logarithmic scale, adults and children alike, and similarly to macaques, for more info see Numerical Cognition , Weber-Fechner Law , Zipf law.
For example, if price is at 0.0421, the next major price level is 0.05 and medium one is 0.043. For another asset currently priced at 19354, the next and previous major price levels are 20000 and 10000 respectively, and the next/previous medium levels are 20000 and 19000, and the next/previous weak levels are 19400 and 19300.
Usage:
* By default, strong upper level is in green, strong lower level is in red, medium upper level is in blue, medium lower level is in yellow, and weak levels aren't displayed but can be. Half levels are also displayed, in a darker color. Strong levels are increments of the first leftmost digit (eg, 10000 to 20000), medium levels are increments of the second leftmost digit (eg, 19000 to 20000), and weak levels of the third leftmost digit (eg, 19100 to 19200). Instead of plotting all the psychological levels all at once as a grid, which makes the chart unintelligible, here the levels adapt dynamically around the current price, so that they show the upper/lower levels relatively to the current price.
* A simple moving average is implemented, so that "half-levels" are also displayed when relevant (eg, medium level can also display 19500 instead of only 19000 or 20000). This can be disabled by setting smoothing to 1.
* By default, the script runs on the daily timeframe, whatever the current chart's timeframe is. This is to reduce the variability in levels, to make it less noisy than intraday price movement, but this can be changed in the settings.
* The step can be adjusted to increase the gap between levels, eg, if you want to display one every 2 levels then input step = 2 (eg, 22000, 24000, 26000, etc), or if you want to display quarter levels, input 0.25 (eg, 22000, 22250, 22500, etc). The default values should fit most use cases and cover most psychological levels.
I made this script mainly to train with PineScript, but I found it surprisingly accurate to define levels that are respected by price movements. So I guess it can be useful for new traders and experienced traders alike, as it's easy to forget that psychological levels can often be as strong if not stronger than technical levels. It can also be used to quickly screen other minor assets for trading opportunities. For example, a hybrid strategy would be to manually define levels on BTCUSD but using this script to automatically define levels in crypto altcoins and quickly screen them for a trade opportunity that can be greater than with BTCUSD but with the same trend.
Changes compared to v1:
* Deduplicated redundant calculations and hence faster script.
* Added half-step levels, which allows to more easily see breakouts (because the levels are still on-screen).
* All steps are now configuration on the GUI.
* Revamped color scheme.
* And major reasons to post as a separate v2 script rather than updating: because we can't update the original description nor screenshot. I have now read more about the House Rules and saw other scriptmakers, so I am trying to write better descriptions like wizards do, by explaining not only how the script works but what the underlying financial concept is to a neophyte audience.
Multi Timeframe Support & ResistanceAbout This Indicator
This indicator plots support (pivot low) and resistance (pivot high) using the chart timeframe and second editable timeframe.
How it can be useful
Having higher timeframe support and resistance plotted on a lower timeframe chart helps keep you grounded in the current range the price is in. This can be useful when wanting to avoid taking longs at resistance and shorts at support.
How to use
Adjusting the look back and look ahead will impact how frequently the support and resistance lines move. When Price breaks above resistance or below support, the lines will not move until a new pivot high and pivot low are detected.
Disclaimer: Not Financial Advice
Pivot Average [Misu]█ This Indicator is based on Pivot Points.
It aggregates closed Pivot Points to determine a " Pivot Average " line.
Pivot Points here refer to highs and lows.
█ Usages:
Pivot Average can be used as resistance or breakout area.
It is also very usefull to find battle zones.
It can also be used as a trend indicator: when the price is below, trend is down, when price is above, trend is up.
Mixed with momentum/volatility indicator it is very powerfull.
█ Parameters:
Deviation: Parameter used to calculate pivots.
Depth: Parameter used to calculate pivots.
Length: History Lenght used to determine Pivot Average.
Smoothing MA Lenght: MA lenght used to smooth Pivot Average.
Close Range %: Define price percentage change required to determine close pivots.
Color: Color of the Pivot Average.
T3 Striped [Loxx]Theory:
Although T3 is widely used, some of the details on how it is calculated are less known. T3 has, internally, 6 "levels" or "steps" that it uses for its calculation.
This version:
Instead of showing the final T3 value, this indicator shows those intermediate steps. This shows the "building steps" of T3 and can be used for trend assessment as well as for possible support / resistance values.
What is the T3 moving average?
Better Moving Averages Tim Tillson
November 1, 1998
Tim Tillson is a software project manager at Hewlett-Packard, with degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science. He has privately traded options and equities for 15 years.
Introduction
"Digital filtering includes the process of smoothing, predicting, differentiating, integrating, separation of signals, and removal of noise from a signal. Thus many people who do such things are actually using digital filters without realizing that they are; being unacquainted with the theory, they neither understand what they have done nor the possibilities of what they might have done."
This quote from R. W. Hamming applies to the vast majority of indicators in technical analysis . Moving averages, be they simple, weighted, or exponential, are lowpass filters; low frequency components in the signal pass through with little attenuation, while high frequencies are severely reduced.
"Oscillator" type indicators (such as MACD , Momentum, Relative Strength Index ) are another type of digital filter called a differentiator.
Tushar Chande has observed that many popular oscillators are highly correlated, which is sensible because they are trying to measure the rate of change of the underlying time series, i.e., are trying to be the first and second derivatives we all learned about in Calculus.
We use moving averages (lowpass filters) in technical analysis to remove the random noise from a time series, to discern the underlying trend or to determine prices at which we will take action. A perfect moving average would have two attributes:
It would be smooth, not sensitive to random noise in the underlying time series. Another way of saying this is that its derivative would not spuriously alternate between positive and negative values.
It would not lag behind the time series it is computed from. Lag, of course, produces late buy or sell signals that kill profits.
The only way one can compute a perfect moving average is to have knowledge of the future, and if we had that, we would buy one lottery ticket a week rather than trade!
Having said this, we can still improve on the conventional simple, weighted, or exponential moving averages. Here's how:
Two Interesting Moving Averages
We will examine two benchmark moving averages based on Linear Regression analysis.
In both cases, a Linear Regression line of length n is fitted to price data.
I call the first moving average ILRS, which stands for Integral of Linear Regression Slope. One simply integrates the slope of a linear regression line as it is successively fitted in a moving window of length n across the data, with the constant of integration being a simple moving average of the first n points. Put another way, the derivative of ILRS is the linear regression slope. Note that ILRS is not the same as a SMA ( simple moving average ) of length n, which is actually the midpoint of the linear regression line as it moves across the data.
We can measure the lag of moving averages with respect to a linear trend by computing how they behave when the input is a line with unit slope. Both SMA (n) and ILRS(n) have lag of n/2, but ILRS is much smoother than SMA .
Our second benchmark moving average is well known, called EPMA or End Point Moving Average. It is the endpoint of the linear regression line of length n as it is fitted across the data. EPMA hugs the data more closely than a simple or exponential moving average of the same length. The price we pay for this is that it is much noisier (less smooth) than ILRS, and it also has the annoying property that it overshoots the data when linear trends are present.
However, EPMA has a lag of 0 with respect to linear input! This makes sense because a linear regression line will fit linear input perfectly, and the endpoint of the LR line will be on the input line.
These two moving averages frame the tradeoffs that we are facing. On one extreme we have ILRS, which is very smooth and has considerable phase lag. EPMA has 0 phase lag, but is too noisy and overshoots. We would like to construct a better moving average which is as smooth as ILRS, but runs closer to where EPMA lies, without the overshoot.
A easy way to attempt this is to split the difference, i.e. use (ILRS(n)+EPMA(n))/2. This will give us a moving average (call it IE /2) which runs in between the two, has phase lag of n/4 but still inherits considerable noise from EPMA. IE /2 is inspirational, however. Can we build something that is comparable, but smoother? Figure 1 shows ILRS, EPMA, and IE /2.
Filter Techniques
Any thoughtful student of filter theory (or resolute experimenter) will have noticed that you can improve the smoothness of a filter by running it through itself multiple times, at the cost of increasing phase lag.
There is a complementary technique (called twicing by J.W. Tukey) which can be used to improve phase lag. If L stands for the operation of running data through a low pass filter, then twicing can be described by:
L' = L(time series) + L(time series - L(time series))
That is, we add a moving average of the difference between the input and the moving average to the moving average. This is algebraically equivalent to:
2L-L(L)
This is the Double Exponential Moving Average or DEMA , popularized by Patrick Mulloy in TASAC (January/February 1994).
In our taxonomy, DEMA has some phase lag (although it exponentially approaches 0) and is somewhat noisy, comparable to IE /2 indicator.
We will use these two techniques to construct our better moving average, after we explore the first one a little more closely.
Fixing Overshoot
An n-day EMA has smoothing constant alpha=2/(n+1) and a lag of (n-1)/2.
Thus EMA (3) has lag 1, and EMA (11) has lag 5. Figure 2 shows that, if I am willing to incur 5 days of lag, I get a smoother moving average if I run EMA (3) through itself 5 times than if I just take EMA (11) once.
This suggests that if EPMA and DEMA have 0 or low lag, why not run fast versions (eg DEMA (3)) through themselves many times to achieve a smooth result? The problem is that multiple runs though these filters increase their tendency to overshoot the data, giving an unusable result. This is because the amplitude response of DEMA and EPMA is greater than 1 at certain frequencies, giving a gain of much greater than 1 at these frequencies when run though themselves multiple times. Figure 3 shows DEMA (7) and EPMA(7) run through themselves 3 times. DEMA^3 has serious overshoot, and EPMA^3 is terrible.
The solution to the overshoot problem is to recall what we are doing with twicing:
DEMA (n) = EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))
The second term is adding, in effect, a smooth version of the derivative to the EMA to achieve DEMA . The derivative term determines how hot the moving average's response to linear trends will be. We need to simply turn down the volume to achieve our basic building block:
EMA (n) + EMA (time series - EMA (n))*.7;
This is algebraically the same as:
EMA (n)*1.7-EMA( EMA (n))*.7;
I have chosen .7 as my volume factor, but the general formula (which I call "Generalized Dema") is:
GD (n,v) = EMA (n)*(1+v)-EMA( EMA (n))*v,
Where v ranges between 0 and 1. When v=0, GD is just an EMA , and when v=1, GD is DEMA . In between, GD is a cooler DEMA . By using a value for v less than 1 (I like .7), we cure the multiple DEMA overshoot problem, at the cost of accepting some additional phase delay. Now we can run GD through itself multiple times to define a new, smoother moving average T3 that does not overshoot the data:
T3(n) = GD ( GD ( GD (n)))
In filter theory parlance, T3 is a six-pole non-linear Kalman filter. Kalman filters are ones which use the error (in this case (time series - EMA (n)) to correct themselves. In Technical Analysis , these are called Adaptive Moving Averages; they track the time series more aggressively when it is making large moves.
Included
Alerts
Signals
Bar coloring
Loxx's Expanded Source Types
Median Absolute Deviation Outlier FractalsCore Concepts
Using Bill William's fractals (can be any types of pivots), we want to find outlier fractals using the median absolute deviation (MAD). When the true range falls outside the specified threshold, it is counted as an outlier. These outliers tend to have significance. Prices usually react to those levels in the future, sometimes a single level and other times a cluster of them to create a zone.
Usage
The baseline determines the trend. Above baseline is uptrend and below is downtrend.
MAD length is how much data you want to use for the MAD calculation.
Deviation limit is the multiple of MAD from median figure to determine if the true range prices exceeds it and if it does we have an outlier.
Notes:
The script is for informational and educational purposes only.
Any suggestions for improvement are welcome!
Mark FVGsMark FVGs is marking FVG (stands for Fair Value Gap, other name is Imbalance or IMB) on your chart so that you can instantly detect them
It supports:
- marking bullish and bearish partly filled or unfilled FVGs of the current timeframe
- marking bullish and bearish already filled FVGs of the current timeframe
- marking bullish and bearish FVGs of the any 4 timeframes on your current timeframe
technically it re-builds them on the last bar or as soon as new realtime bar is updated. it looks with 1k bars back to find the nearest specific number of FGVs
Adjustments:
- changing the maximum number of FVGs to display.
- changing the color of FVG area
- displaying already filled FVG of the current time frame
- changing the mode of displaying area it can either extended or fixed width
- displaying labels of other time frame FVGs
Mark LevelsMark Levels is marking liquidity pools by drawing lines on their pivots and labelling them so that you can instantly detect them on your realtime chart
It supports:
- marking previous and current day lows and highs
- marking previous and current week lows and highs
- marking previous and current month lows and highs
- marking equal lows and highs
technically it re-builds them on the last bar or as soon as new realtime bar is updated. it looks with 1k bars back to find higher timeframe ranges and find lows and highs there
Adjustments:
- changing the line style of the group
- changing the lines color and the labels on the groups
- currently pools are split on 2 groups Period Liquidity and Equal Pivots Liquidity.
