Yield Curve InversionThe Yield Curve Inversion indicator is a tool designed to help traders and analysts visualize and interpret the dynamics between the US 10-year and 2-year Treasury yields. This indicator is particularly useful for identifying yield curve inversions, often seen as a precursor to economic recessions.
Features and Interpretations
Display Modes: Choose between "Spread Mode" to visualize the yield spread indicating normal (green) or inverted (red) curves, or "Both Yields Mode" to view both yields.
Yield Spread: A plotted difference between 10-year and 2-year yields, with a zero line marking inversion. A negative spread suggests potential economic downturns.
Color Coding: Green for a normal yield curve (10Y > 2Y) and red for an inverted curve (2Y > 10Y).
Legend: Provides quick reference to yield curve states for easier interpretation.
This indicator is for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be considered financial advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instruments. Users should conduct their own research and consult with a financial advisor before making investment decisions. The creator of this indicator is not responsible for any financial losses incurred through its use.
Yields
Yield Spread (10Y - 2Y)Yield Spread
The green line shows the difference between the 10-Year and 2-Year yields.
Positive Spread: When the green line is above zero, the 10-Year yield is higher than the 2-Year yield. This is normal and indicates an upward-sloping (normal) yield curve, which typically suggests a healthy economy with expectations of future growth.
Flattening Curve: If the green line approaches zero, the yield curve is flattening, indicating that investors are uncertain about future economic growth. They are demanding similar yields for both short and long-term bonds.
Negative Spread (Inverted Yield Curve): If the green line goes below zero, this means the 2-Year yield is higher than the 10-Year yield, creating an inverted yield curve. An inverted curve is often seen as a predictor of a recession, as it indicates that investors expect weaker economic conditions in the future.
Short Explanation of the Chart layout:
This chart tracks U.S. Treasury yields for 2-year (blue), 10-year (white), and 30-year (orange) bonds, along with the yield spread (green) between the 10-year and 2-year bonds. A positive spread suggests a normal yield curve and economic growth, while a negative spread (inversion) often signals a potential recession.
Yield Curve SpaghettiDisplays the difference in yield between multiple bond pairs for a given country.
Currently supports US, DE, and GB bonds
Oster's Fair Index (OFI)Note : Excitingly, this indicator is optimized to work exclusively with weekly candles (1W) ! Because fundamental analyses, with their longer-term outlook, thrive on the broader perspective provided by weekly data.
Overview:
Oster's Fair Index (OFI) stands out as a sophisticated indicator to offer traders a comprehensive assessment of a stock's fundamental valuation. Unlike many conventional indicators that focus solely on technical analysis, OFI places a strong emphasis on fundamental metrics, providing traders with a deeper understanding of a stock's intrinsic worth. It applies Oster's method (explained below) to determine the fundamental fair price of a stock.
Innovative Approach to Fundamental Analysis:
OFI employs a unique approach to fundamental analysis, integrating multiple key metrics including Yield , P/S (Price-to-Sales) ratio , P/E (Price-to-Earnings) ratio , Debt/Asset ratio , and P/FCF (Price-to-Free-Cash-Flow) ratio . These metrics collectively offer a holistic view of a company's financial health, allowing traders to gauge its potential for growth and profitability. Notably, the fundamental metrics included in OFI are regarded as the most crucial indicators for fundamental stock evaluation according to Oster's method. Dividend yield and P/S ratio are prioritized as the most significant, followed by the P/E ratio, with supplementary consideration given to the debt-to-asset ratio and price-to-free cash flow ratio. This weighting reflects their importance in determining a stock's fair value according to the methodology, which is integrated into OFI's calculation process.
Customizable Parameters for Tailored Analysis:
One of OFI's standout features is its flexibility, allowing users to customize the fundamental parameters based on their specific investment strategy or preferences. Traders can selectively include or exclude metrics , adjust weighting factors , and set alarm thresholds to align with their unique trading objectives. This customization empowers traders to tailor OFI according to their individual preferences and market perspectives. Although a default value has been set for the weighting of the parameters, traders still have the option to customize it based on their own trading strategy and preference, ensuring that OFI remains adaptable to diverse trading styles and objectives.
Sophisticated Calculation Methodology:
Behind the scenes, OFI employs a sophisticated calculation methodology to derive its insights. It retrieves fundamental data for the selected stock, such as total revenue, earnings per share, debt-to-asset ratio, free cash flow per share, and dividend yield. However, these metrics are not viewed in isolation; rather, they are considered in relation to historical trends . For instance, while a low debt-to-asset ratio may indicate fundamental strength for a company, it must be interpreted in the context of its historical performance. If the debt-to-asset ratio has historically been consistently lower, it may suggest weaker performance despite the seemingly favorable current ratio. Furthermore, OFI goes beyond mere fundamental metrics by incorporating the stock price itself into its analysis . A low debt-to-asset ratio becomes even more attractive for the company if the stock price is also historically low, indicating undervaluation. OFI takes all these aspects into account, providing traders with a comprehensive and nuanced evaluation of a stock's fundamental attractiveness, considering all these aspects in relation to each of the fundamental metrics mentioned above.
Normalized Fairness Differentials for Standardized Comparison:
OFI employs a method where the aforementioned fundamental metrics interact as described earlier. These metrics are combined into a fundamental, normalized value using weighting factors. This value is then normalized by the moving price range of the last 12 months. The result provides insights not only into when the stock price was undervalued, overvalued, or fair, but also enables traders to estimate potential price movements based on the fundamental health of the company. Additionally, a dashed fair price line simply represents the sum of the current stock price and the OFI value. This line illustrates the fair price level of the stock derived from the methodology.
Interpretation:
A negative OFI indicates that the stock may be undervalued based on fundamental metrics. Conversely, a positive OFI suggests that the stock may be overvalued according to fundamental analysis. A zero OFI implies that the stock is trading at a fair price relative to its fundamentals, indicating a balanced valuation scenario. The values of OFI are not arbitrary; they represent the degree of overvaluation or undervaluation in the currency set in the chart settings. This means traders can discern, for example, how many USD the stock is undervalued or overvalued by . Additionally, a dashed fair price line simply represents the sum of the current stock price and the OFI value, illustrating the fair price levels of the stock derived from the methodology.
Dynamic Color Coding for Visual Clarity:
To enhance usability, OFI features dynamic color coding that visually highlights the fair price differentials. Green signifies potential undervaluation , red indicates potential overvaluation , and neutral colors represent fair valuation . This intuitive visual feedback enables traders to quickly identify opportunities and risks.
Alerts:
OFI generates alerts based on these interpretations to assist traders in making informed decisions. An Undervalued Signal (BUY) is triggered when the OFI is below zero and meets the buy threshold criteria. This indicates that the stock is fundamentally undervalued, prompting a BUY alert. Conversely, an Overvalued Signal (SELL) is generated when the OFI surpasses zero and meets the sell threshold criteria. This signals that the stock is fundamentally overvalued, prompting a SELL alert. When OFI hovers around zero, suggesting that the stock is trading at a fair price, a Fair Price Reached (FAIR) alert is generated. This encourages traders to consider profit-taking strategies given the balanced valuation.
Justification of Originality and Value:
In a landscape saturated with technical indicators, OFI distinguishes itself by offering traders a refreshingly simple yet powerful approach to fundamental analysis. While traditional methods often involve laborious scrutiny of financial metrics or even poring over entire company balance sheets, OFI streamlines this process, providing traders with a swift overview of a stock's fundamental health. Its strength lies in seamlessly integrating fundamental analysis with stock price movements, offering insights into how price correlates with fundamental metrics.
One could say we marry the simplicity of technical analysis with the depth of fundamental analysis. This unique combination empowers traders to make informed decisions with ease, leveraging the best of both worlds to navigate the markets effectively.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Oster's Fair Index (OFI) represents a pioneering advancement in the realm of fundamental analysis, offering both sophisticated calculation methodologies and intuitive, user-friendly features. By marrying these elements with customizable parameters and intuitive visuals, OFI equips traders with a powerful tool for evaluating the fundamental valuation of stocks. Whether you're a seasoned investor or a novice trader, OFI offers invaluable insights that can inform and enrich your trading journey.
SFC Macroeconomics 2Macroeconomics is the most important part of the financial markets. If the trader/investor could predict the economic cycles, the chance of making money is much greater.
This is the second macroeconomic indicator, which gives us a more detailed picture of yields and some leading indicators. Trying to predict a recession is the main goal.
The indicator is showing:
- Yield curve
- 2-10Y Yield spred
- All Yields spread
- Yield Comparison between two countries
- Recessionary leading indicators
How to use:
-Load the indicator and see observe the yield curves and how the market moves.
-Use leading indicators to predict recession
By combining the indicator with the first version, investors/traders could get a complete picture of the economy situation and what the current phase of the business cycle is.
Note:
Yellow colour - leading indicators
Orange colour - legging indicators
Before using this indicator, traders/investors need a basic understanding of macroeconomics. A good knowledge is required to take advantage of the indicator and create economic analysis.
Global Yield SpreadThe Global Yield Spread is a simple indicator that can help to identify economic wellbeing and thus allows traders and investors alike to derive a rough estimation onto where the market is likely to go.
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Please note that things like Yield Spread generally influence the market only over longer time horizons of a couple weeks to many months.
Also be aware that the Yield Spread is only capable of measuring the Yields on Bonds and is thus limited to only changes that are reflected in the interest rates on the Bonds.
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The Normal Yield Spread is widely recognized for it's signal abilities for recessions or general economic well being...
However, since the rates have decreased drastically in the US something else has been proposed: The Global Yield Spread
As the normal US Yield Spread is loosing signal capacity because the US government can easily borrow money from overseas,
thus reducing the need to increase interest rates.
By monitoring and analyzing the Global Yield spread, traders and investors can gain insights into relative valuations, economic movements, market sentiment, and opportunities.
It can help inform their investment decisions and strategies, allowing them to allocate capital more effectively and potentially generate better returns.
You have options to visually represent a diversity of Countries and their according Yield Spreads.
Furthermore there are Global Yield Spreads for:
10Y-03MY
10Y-02Y
30Y-10Y
The Average Global Yield Spread encompasses the 3 options above to get an average reading.
US Inversions & RecessionsUnderstand when the US yield curve inverted and when recessions took place. Select from Federal Funds Rate, 3 month yield, 2 year yield and 10 year yield.
Default ratio = Federal Funds Rate / 10 year yield
When line goes from white to red = inversion
When line goes from red to white = un-inversion
Yellow shading shows times when the rates are inverted.
Blue shading shows when recessions officially occurred.
Bonds: US Yields for 3Y, 5Y, 7Y, 10Y, 30Y, 10Y-2YDisplays US Bond Yields for 3Y, 5Y, 7Y, 10Y, 30Y, 10Y-2Y.
Best used on a cart that has a similar Y-Axis... for example, using this indicator on the TVC:US10Y chart works.
Added some bells and whistles such as a tabular chart for current rate as well as ability to turn on off specific yields (in the settings cog)
This is my first publish!
So please let me know what you think... or if something is wrong :)
US Treasuries Yield CurveNews about the yield curve became pretty crucial for all the trades in the last year.
So in the team, we decided to implement a nice widget that will allow you to track the current yield curve in your chart directly.
It's possible to compare the current yield curve with past yield curves. You can choose to display the number of curves weeks, months, and years ago. So you can see the dynamics of the yield curve change.
When the Y2 > Y10 curve is considered invested, so you'll see an "Inverted" notification on the chart.
Thanks to @MUQWISHI for helping code it.
Disclaimer
Please remember that past performance may not indicate future results.
Due to various factors, including changing market conditions, the strategy may no longer perform as well as in historical backtesting.
This post and the script don’t provide any financial advice.
10-Year Bond Yields (Interest Rate Differential)With this little script, I have attempted to incorporate fundamental data (in this case, 10-year bond yields) into technical analysis . When pairing two currencies, the one with a higher bond interest rate usually appreciates when the interest rate differential widens, or, to use a simple example: in a currency pair A vs. B, with A showing a higher bond yield than B, a widening interest rate gap is likely to help A and create a buying opportunity (shown as a blue square at the bottom of the chart), while the opposite is true when the gap tightens (sell signal, red square).
While long-term investors know about and make use of the importance of bond yield fluctuations, most short-term traders tend to dismiss the idea of using fundamental data, mostly for lack of quantifiability and limited impact in an intraday environment. After extensive backtesting on daily and intraday charts (6-12 hours), however, I realized this indicator still managed to produce useful results (less useful than on monthly and yearly charts, to be fair, but still useful enough), especially when paired with simple price-driven indicators, such as Heikin Ashi or linear regression .
My personal (and thus subjective) thoughts: worth a try. Buy and sell signals frequently contradicted both more popular indicators and my gut feeling and managed to take out losing trades that I had considered trades with a high winning probability. In other words, when the market lures traders into seemingly promising trading decisions, this indicator might give you an early warning, especially when you manage to adjust period and continuity parameters to your trading strategy.
Currency pairs used in this script are all possible combinations of the eight majors. Each security has been assigned a name ("inst01" to "inst08" in the code) and a broker; if you make changes to the code, be sure not to mess with currency and broker names as this would render the entire script useless. Good luck trading, and feel free to suggest improvements!
Yield Trend Indicator - The Quant ScienceYield Trend Indicator - The Quant Science™ is a quantitative indicator representing percentage yields and average percentage yields of three different assets.
Percentage yields are fundamental data for all quantitative analysts. This indicator was created to offer immediate calculations and represent them through an indicator consisting of lines and columns. The columns represent the percentage yield of the current timeframe, for each asset. The lines represent the average percentage yield, of the current timeframe, for each asset.
The user easily adds tickers from the user interface and the algorithm will automatically create the quantitative data of the chosen assets.
The blue refers to the main asset, the main set on the chart.
The yellow refers to the second asset, added by the user interface.
The red refers to the third asset, added by the user interface.
The timeframe is for all assets the one set to the chart, if you use a chart with timeframe D, all data is processed on this timeframe. You can use this indicator on all timeframes without any restrictions.
The user can change the type of formula for calculating the average yield easily via the user interface. This software includes the following formulas:
1. SMA (Simple Moving Average)
2. EMA (Exponential Moving Average)
3. WMA (Weighted Moving Average)
4. VWMA (Volume Weighted Moving Average)
The user can customize the indicator easily through the user interface, changing colours and many other parameters to represent the data on the chart.
US/CA Bond Yield CurveEasy Viewing of 4 different duration bond yields for US and Canada. Bond prices and bond yields are excellent indicators of the economy as a whole, and of inflation in particular. A bond's yield is the discount rate that can be used to make the present value of all of the bond's cash flows equal to its price. Good as part of a macro set.
10-2 Year Treasury Yield Spread by zdmreLong-term bond yield reflects inflation. Short-term bond yields are tools used to predict Fed's interest rate policy. Spread between the two represents four cycles of an economy.
1. Growth
Short-term yield rises as interest rates rise. Spread narrows.
2. Slow growth
Central bank raises interest rates faster and short-term yield exceeds long-term yield. Spread turns negative.
3. Recession
High interest rates lead to more defaults. Inflation caps consumption. Central bank lowers interest rate to stimulate the economy and short-term yield falls. Spread widens.
4. Recovery
Central bank continues easing. Spread remains wide and yield curve remains steep.
0 = Recession Risk
2.6 = Recovery Plan
DYOR
Commitment of Traders ~ TREASURIESMy intention was to create 1 script for the Commitment of Traders report but I wasn't not aware there is a limit on how many instrument calls can be made in PineScript so I had no choice but to divide the script into instrument categories. So far I have created 4 of them: Forex, Indexes & Metals/ Commodities & Treasuries which is the one presented here. If you are interested in the other ones, feel free to do a search.
Available Instruments: Ultra(25-35yrs), Bonds(15-25yrs), 10yrs, 5yrs, 2yrs & 3 Month EuroDollar
The script calculates the ZScore of both Net Long (Money Managers / Asset Managers) and Net Long (Dealers / Swap) In some instrument categories you will also see Open Interest. It depends on whether I was maxed out or not on making security calls.
If you are not familiar with ZScore, it basically calculates the distance of price from a mean average in units of Standard Deviation. In theory when price reaches +2 it signifies overbought while if it reaches -2 is oversold. However just because it's hitting an extreme in one particular average doesn't necessarily mean it will reverse as the position of price in relation with the next longer average might not be so out of range.
Must be attached to weekly chart.
If you have any questions/suggestions, feel free to add them in the comments below
Recession IndicatorThis script attempts to predict recessions four quarters ahead.
According to the New York Fed, "The yield curve—specifically, the spread between the interest rates on the ten-year Treasury
note and the three-month Treasury bill—is a valuable forecasting tool. It is simple to use
and significantly outperforms other financial and macroeconomic indicators in predicting
recessions two to six quarters ahead."
The paper offers Estimated Recession Probabilities Using the Yield Curve Spread:
Four Quarters Ahead
Recession Probability Value of Spread
(Percent) (Percentage Points)
5 1.21
10 0.76
15 0.46
20 0.22
25 0.02
30 -0.17
40 -0.50
50 -0.82
60 -1.13
70 -1.46
80 -1.85
90 -2.40
"Note: The yield curve spread is defined as the spread between the
interest rates on the ten-year Treasury note and the three-month
Treasury bill."
You can choose at which Recession Probability (percent) you want to display the signal (default value is 25%), as well as choose if you want to only display the signal at inversion (default) or at all times when the yield curve is inverted.
To use, just select your current timeframe from the menu.
Includes an option for repainting -- default value is true, meaning the script will repaint the current bar.
False = Not Repainting = Value for the current bar is not repainted, but all past values are offset by 1 bar.
True = Repainting = Value for the current bar is repainted, but all past values are correct and not offset by 1 bar.
In both cases, all of the historical values are correct, it is just a matter of whether you prefer the current bar to be realistically painted and the historical bars offset by 1, or the current bar to be repainted and the historical data to match their respective price bars.
As explained by TradingView,`f_security()` is for coders who want to offer their users a repainting/no-repainting version of the HTF data.
Real Interest Rate DifferentialThe Real IRD is a simple indicator built for forex trades that need a long-term view and want to compare currencies in search of high yield. The indicated interest rate maturity is 2 years, since shorter maturities may not price central banks' monetary policy decisions.
Example:
- You need to do an analysis of the AUDUSD
- In the Interest Rate 1 field, we put the interest rate for the base currency, in this case the AUD
- In the Interest Rate 2 field, the interest rate of the other currency, in this case the USD
- In the CPI 1 field, inflation referring to base currency
- In the CPI 2 field, inflation for another currency
CPI Codes:
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_USA < USD
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_EUR < EUR
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_JPN < JPY
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_CHE < CHF
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_GBR < GBP
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_CAN < CAD
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_RUS < RUB
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_AUS < AUD
QUANDL:RATEINF/INFLATION_NZL < NZD
