QQQS is passively managed to hold a portfolio of non-financial, NASDAQ-listed companies of any market capitalization. The index screens out companies in the NASDAQ-100 Index and the NASDAQ Next Generation 100 Index, effectively screening out the largest 200 stocks listed on NASDAQ. As a result of the screening process, the portfolio will tend to tilt towards small- and mid-cap stocks and can become concentrated in particular sectors. The index looks for innovators by screening for high quality patents. It uses data from an independent provider to determine an estimated value of each eligible companys patent portfolio, quantifying intangible assets such as intellectual property and research development activities. Then eligible companies are ranked by the ratio of patent value estimate to their market capitalization and the top 200 securities are selected. The resulting portfolio is weighted equally. The index rebalances quarterly and reconstitutes semi-annually.