Mastering Market Movements: Understanding Impulses and CorrectioHello,
Navigating the stock market successfully isn’t just about luck—it requires a keen understanding of market trends and the ability to spot price patterns. One of the most useful concepts traders rely on is the interplay between impulses and corrections. Recognizing these alternating phases can provide valuable insights into potential price movements, allowing you to make more confident and informed trading decisions.
In this article, we’ll break down what impulses and corrections are, how to identify them, and how you can use them to improve your trading strategy.
Understanding Impulses and Corrections
Stock prices move in cycles, alternating between strong trends (impulses) and temporary retracements (corrections). These movements are driven by market psychology, where shifts in supply and demand dictate price action.
Impulses: The Driving Force of Trends
Impulses are powerful, directional moves in the market that reflect strong momentum. These often occur when sentiment aligns with fundamental catalysts, such as positive news, strong earnings reports, or broader market trends. Impulses are the backbone of trends and can provide great opportunities for traders who know how to recognize them.
To spot impulses, look for:
Strong Price Movement: Impulses are characterized by significant and sustained price shifts, indicating a surge in buying or selling pressure. This is as shown in the
Volume Expansion: When an impulse occurs, trading volume typically increases, confirming that more market participants are involved and supporting the price movement.
Break of Key Resistance or Support Levels: Impulses often push through important technical levels, signaling strength and the continuation of a trend.
Corrections: The Market Taking a Breather
Corrections, also called retracements or pullbacks, are temporary price reversals within an ongoing trend. They provide opportunities for the market to pause before resuming its dominant direction.
To identify corrections, watch for:
Counter-Trend Price Movement: Corrections move against the main trend but usually retrace only a portion (25% to 50%) of the previous impulse.
Lower Volume: Unlike impulses, corrections occur on decreased trading volume, suggesting a temporary decline in market participation.
Support and Resistance Levels: Corrections often find support or resistance at previously established price levels, which can serve as potential reversal zones.
Applying Impulses and Corrections in Trading
Understanding these market phases can significantly improve your trading approach. Here’s how:
Identifying Trends: By observing a sequence of impulses and corrections, you can determine the overall market direction and align your trades accordingly.
Finding Entry and Exit Points: Impulses signal strong trends, while corrections present opportunities to enter trades at better prices before the next move higher or lower.
Managing Risk: Setting stop-loss levels strategically—such as below key support levels during corrections—can help minimize losses while allowing room for potential gains.
Final Thoughts
Recognizing and utilizing impulses and corrections can make a huge difference in your trading success. By learning to identify these patterns, you’ll gain deeper insights into market behavior, improve your timing, and enhance your ability to make smart, strategic moves.
Take a look at the US500FU chart—it clearly illustrates impulses and corrections in action.
Good luck, and happy trading!
Disclosure: I am part of Trade Nation's Influencer program and receive a monthly fee for using their TradingView charts in my analysis.
SPX500 trade ideas
S&P500 Short: Expecting Price to Fall back below trendlineFor this idea, there are 2 things to take note:
1. I believe the breakout to the upside to be a false breakout. Thus price should fall back into the channel.
2. The "C" wave is slightly shorter than "A" wave, but it shouldn't matter since corrective wave does not conform to the "3rd wave cannot be the shortest" rule.
If you are an active trader, you can choose to place your stop where I indicated. But if you are really more swing trader and can take wider swings, then I recommend putting stop above where the Fibonacci shows 1.
Good luck!
Look before you leap. Two up days this week on top of pricing holding support in the previous week.
Sound like a good time to be a buyer? Consider this weekly chart of SPX and its trendline over the last year. When was the last time you saw price make a new high that began like this?
Oh it can happen, I'm just point out that it is a low-probability bet right now. It would be far more likely for SPX to break its trendline and head lower than it would for prices to make a new high. Think about that before you make your next purchase in stocks.
SPX 5800 Strong resistance200 days HILO EMA central line has always given a strong support resistance in the past and I would expect that to be so this time as well. Since the market structure broke when prices crossed the lower outer ema band, even if the price goes above the middle line I would not consider it to be bullish.Only when the prices hit the upper or lower band a new trend can be confirmed.
For now I am just going to be short term trader and a cautious long term investor accumulator
of fundamentally good stocks. Not Tesla :)
Notice how the inner lines align with the the other lines before the breakdown! A kind of step formation, indicating the period selection of 200 ema is sound
$DXY 10% Declines along with $SPX declines from 1987-1995In case you are wondering if the drop in the $USDOL TVC:DXY US Dollar of 10% from a high is a sign of something major going on in the stock market, it reminded me of research I did right when I got out of college in 1987.
Here's a quick overview of that pattern of TVC:DXY declines of 10% against the backdrop of SP:SPX or S&P500 Index declines at that time. The 1987 stock market crash is on the far left of this graph and gets the chart started for you to review.
The 10% drops from highs in the TVC:DXY index are labeled with yellow arrows and there were 9 of them across this time series from 1987-1995.
We can imagine how a Non-US investor would handle both a drop in the TVC:DXY and a drop in the SP:SPX , but a drop of both the TVC:DXY and SP:SPX of 10% together would mean a loss of 20% for the non-US investor. That is a painful loss and perhaps more than investors wanted to risk.
Historically, it was a good time to look for a stock market bottom AFTER a drop in the TVC:DXY index and the green boxes at the top show the risk of a deeper decline in the SP:SPX was minimal after this scenario.
So the end result of this analysis is that the Dollar can be viewed as a contrarian indicator after a meaningful decline, as in 10% in this time frame. Look for other signs of a market bottom, especially using my TVC:VIX signals (5 point spike indicator and VIX75% retracement) to help define a bottom. The VIX75 signal triggered on Monday, March 24th, indicating that the panic from the selloff had moderated to a point enough to signal that the panic was over.
Do some more research for yourself and see if the TVC:DXY drop was an "asset allocation" shift as US investors bailed out of US stocks to invest in non-US stocks or was it another wave of non-US investors dumping US stocks to cut risk.
Either way, know what you are investing in and question everything. These days, it is more important to be educated and use TradingView to chart and research the past will help you be a more educated investor.
Cheers,
Tim
Take ProfitsIf you took the trade, good job.
We are at the 200 SMA, and this is a natural location to take profits.
Expecting some additional chop, the market never moves in a straight line... but the worst of it is over. If we retest the lows, I will buy again. If we retest the highs... or take too long... I will monitor for a new short.
potential next target of 8000 for SPXAnalysis of the Chart:
Bull Run Identified:
Two bullish trends are highlighted after 10% corrections.
After each pullback of ~10%, the market resumed its upward trajectory.
Correction Zones:
First correction (~10.29%) occurred in mid-2023.
Second correction (~10.27%) happened recently in early 2025.
These corrections are typical in bull markets, indicating healthy price consolidations before further upside.
Next Target:
The chart suggests a potential next target of 8000 for SPX.
This implies a continued bullish trend and significant upside.
Conclusion:
The S&P 500 has experienced multiple bull runs after 10% corrections, indicating a strong uptrend.
If historical patterns repeat, the market could move towards 8000, provided macroeconomic conditions remain supportive.
BEARISH ALT WAVE PEAKING NOWThe chart posted is the Bearish alt we should Not rally anymore is I am correct and if there is a bearish alt. I am looking for a 3 wave drop in the form of an abc decline we should decline to a window of .786 in total of the rally from 5504 or Make a small new low to 5489. Then we should rally very sharp in a 5 wave rally to 50 % or .618 of the The drop from 6147 This is the ONLY BEARISH WAVE COUNT Best of trades WAVETIMER
US500 - Are Bulls Setting Up for a Bullish Push?Overview of Market Structure
The US500 has been trading in a well-defined bearish channel for an extended period, continuously making lower highs and lower lows. This downtrend was respected until recently, when the price broke out of its bearish structure, signaling a potential shift in market sentiment.
Following the breakout, price also breached a key resistance level (marked in red), which had previously acted as a significant supply zone. Now that this resistance has been broken, it may flip into a support level, offering a high-probability area for a bullish continuation.
I expect price to retest this newly-formed support zone before continuing its move upward, targeting the unfilled imbalance zone above (highlighted in green).
Breakout of the Bearish Structure
One of the most important aspects of this setup is the confirmed breakout of the bearish structure. The market was respecting a descending channel, creating lower highs and lower lows. However, with this breakout, price is no longer following the previous downtrend pattern.
A breakout like this often leads to a shift in market direction, meaning buyers are now in control, and the next likely move is bullish continuation.
Resistance Break & Potential Support Retest
The red zone represents a major resistance level that has now been broken. This area had previously rejected price multiple times, showing that sellers were strongly defending it.
Now that price has successfully closed above this level, we can anticipate a retest of this area as new support before price resumes its move higher. This is a classic example of a resistance-turned-support flip, a key concept in technical analysis.
Imbalance Zones & Price Efficiency
An important part of this trade setup is the unfilled imbalance zone above. When price moves too quickly in one direction, it often creates gaps or inefficiencies in the market, which tend to get revisited later.
The unfilled imbalance zone above (highlighted in green) is a key target for this bullish move.
Price is likely to fill this inefficiency after confirming support at the previous resistance level.
Since price action tends to seek out liquidity and inefficiencies, this gives us a clear roadmap for the next likely movement in the market.
Why This Trade Has High Probability
Breakout of Bearish Structure – This suggests a potential shift from a downtrend to an uptrend.
Resistance Turned Support – A classic market structure retest that provides strong confluence for a bullish move.
Imbalance Fill – The market tends to fill inefficiencies left in impulsive moves, making the imbalance zone above a logical target.
Liquidity Grab Potential – Retesting the broken resistance could serve as a liquidity grab before price moves higher.
Conclusion
This setup provides a high-probability long opportunity based on a bearish structure breakout, resistance-turned-support retest, and imbalance fill target. If price follows the expected path, we should see a retest of the red zone before a bullish continuation into the imbalance zone above.
By patiently waiting for price confirmation at key levels, this trade offers a strong risk-to-reward ratio while aligning with smart money concepts and price efficiency principles.
__________________________________________
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Retest SPX 200 SMA Patience The S&P 500 (SPX) is at a pivotal moment this week as it tests its 200-day simple moving average (SMA), a key technical level that often dictates market sentiment. With volatility creeping higher and investors weighing economic data, interest rate expectations, and earnings forecasts, the index's ability to hold this level could determine the next directional move.
I am staying patient, watching and waiting. A successful defense of the 200-SMA could signal a bottoming process, inviting dip buyers back into the market and potentially setting up a rebound toward key resistance zones. Conversely, a confirmed breakdown below this level could trigger a wave of technical selling, accelerating downside momentum as traders reassess risk exposure.
For now, I remain on the sidelines. I go long when Kenjen is above price, ensuring I trade with momentum and confirmation rather than speculation. All eyes are on how price action develops around this crucial support.
S&P INTRADAY ahead of US Consumer Confidence data The Consumer Confidence Index, set to be released today at 14:00 GMT by the Conference Board, measures consumer sentiment on spending, jobs, inflation, and the economy. Since consumer spending drives the U.S. economy, a strong reading can signal bullish momentum for equities, while a weak reading may indicate bearish sentiment. Traders watch this data closely for insights into market direction.
Key Support and Resistance Levels
Resistance Level 1: 5780
Resistance Level 2: 5844
Resistance Level 3: 5920
Support Level 1: 5660
Support Level 2: 5604
Support Level 3: 5500
This communication is for informational purposes only and should not be viewed as any form of recommendation as to a particular course of action or as investment advice. It is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument or as an official confirmation of any transaction. Opinions, estimates and assumptions expressed herein are made as of the date of this communication and are subject to change without notice. This communication has been prepared based upon information, including market prices, data and other information, believed to be reliable; however, Trade Nation does not warrant its completeness or accuracy. All market prices and market data contained in or attached to this communication are indicative and subject to change without notice.
Where Next for the S&P 500?
With the S&P 500 tumbling 10% from its mid-February highs, we take a look at whether this correction is running out of steam—or just getting started. A weak bounce and a looming resistance zone suggest the index has work to do before the bulls can regain control.
Tariffs, Turmoil, and the End of ‘American Exceptionalism’?
For much of the past two years, U.S. stocks have outpaced global peers, fuelled by strong economic growth and corporate earnings. But that narrative is being rapidly unwound. Trump’s sweeping tariffs on imports from Mexico, Canada, and China have triggered fears of a slowdown, prompting Wall Street to question how long U.S. assets can maintain their edge.
The fallout has been brutal. The Federal Reserve has already downgraded its growth forecasts, citing tariffs as a key headwind. Meanwhile, a rare twin sell-off in both the U.S. dollar and equities suggests global investors are losing confidence in the ‘American exceptionalism’ trade. Add to that a sharp decline in major tech and healthcare stocks, and it’s no surprise the S&P 500 has struggled to find its footing.
A Weak Bounce, a Tough Road Ahead
After a sharp sell-off, the S&P 500 has started to consolidate, but there’s little sign of momentum shifting in favour of the bulls just yet. While the index has bounced from its March lows, price action remains sluggish, and a key resistance zone is emerging.
The 200-day simple moving average, the broken January swing lows, and the volume-weighted average price (VWAP) anchored to the trend highs all align to form a confluent resistance zone to keep a close eye on. Even if buyers can push prices higher, this confluence suggests they’ll need to overcome strong overhead pressure before any sustained recovery can take hold.
S&P500 Daily Candle Chart
Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results
Short-Term Traders Eye the Range
On the hourly chart, last week’s price action has carved out a well-defined range, setting up a key battleground for short-term traders:
• A break above the range could see the S&P 500 challenge the resistance zone outlined on the daily chart.
• A break below would likely put the March lows back in play, potentially triggering another leg lower.
S&P 500 Hourly Candle Chart
Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results
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Bear Slippers Off. Bull Boots Laced.Bear Slippers Off. Bull Boots Laced. | SPX Analysis 25 Mar 2025
The tide turned Monday, and for once, the charts didn’t just mutter vaguely in Morse code – they actually gave us something to work with.
After weeks of grindy, gummy-bear movement, SPX finally flashed a bullish signal. The classic breakout-pullback has shown itself on the 30-minute timeframe, and the daily chart has joined the party with a sharp reversal, flipping us right back into the prior range.
Let’s just say this… not rolling those final bear swings? Smartest decision I didn’t overthink. I just wanted to stop the bleeding. Turns out, it also kept me out of harm’s way.
Now, with the bear slippers safely tucked back into the winter cupboard, I’m eyeing the bull setups. But as always – I’m not jumping just yet…
---
Deeper Dive Analysis:
Monday brought a much-needed shakeup – not the kind that rattles your coffee mug off the desk, but the kind that whispers: “Something’s changed…”
And it has.
The 30-minute chart formed a clean breakout-pullback, the kind you could frame on the wall and call “textbook.”
The daily chart? We’ve got a bullish reversal pattern that’s pushing price back into the old range.
That means my bearish bias has officially flipped.
Goodbye bear slippers. Hello, Bull Boots.
Let’s talk about those bears for a moment…
Last week’s trades didn’t go to plan. Friday’s rally chewed them up, and instead of rolling endlessly like a gambler doubling down, I did what needed to be done: closed them. Cleared the head. Took the "L".
And now, I’m glad I did.
Sometimes, the best trade is no trade. Or at least, no new pain.
During my Fast Forward mentorship call, we did our usual morning deep dive.
We looked at:
The GEX flip (Gamma Exposure momentum line)
Intraday call wall pressure
And the speculative cap at 5765 for the high of day
With that info, I made the call to delay my bull swing entry. Why chase a top when the market’s whispering “pullback pending”? I’d rather find a smarter entry… with more meat on the bone.
So what now?
Bias is bullish
5765 & 5805 = overhead friction
Waiting for a deeper pullback before entering long - Ideally 5720
My trigger’s locked. My chart’s marked. Now I wait.
And if that pullback doesn’t come?
Fine. I’ll let it go and re-evaluate. No FOMO. No flinching.
The plan is simple: Trade with the setup, not the hype.
--
Fun Fact
Benjamin Graham once said, “In the short run, the market is a voting machine. In the long run, it is a weighing machine.”
But he never accounted for meme stocks, social media panic, and Reddit-fuelled rocket ships.
Today, it often feels like the market's a slot machine with a Twitter feed.
Still – patterns like breakout-pullbacks?
They’re timeless, regardless of the noise.
Vanguard - “We are the invisible hand of Adam Smith” John BogleIf anyone ever thought of erecting a monument to the person who did the most for American investors — the choice would fall on John Bogle. These words are not from a promotional brochure but a quote from Warren Buffett himself.
Book summary
But most people don’t even know who Bogle is. And certainly don’t realize that he didn’t just “create index funds.” He built an invulnerable power machine disguised as client care.
📈 From a thesis to $10 trillion under management
Bogle’s story begins with an ordinary guy born during the Great Depression. Through poverty, scholarship-based education, and working from age 10 — he makes his way into Princeton, where he writes a thesis on a topic that would change the industry: "mutual funds."
Over the years, his philosophy turned into what we now know as "passive investing." From day one, the Vanguard he created operated on the principle: "maximum benefit to the investor, minimum — to the managers." No fees, no speculation, no marketing. And it worked. But here’s the paradox: ▶ Vanguard gave up profit for the mission.
▶ The world responded — investors were tired of the noise.
▶ As a result — "Vanguard grew into a monster capable of managing the economies of entire nations."
🧠 A revolutionary idea: a fund owned by investors
Bogle built a structure where "the fund owners are the investors themselves."
Sounds beautiful: no shareholders, no profit pressure — only long-term client interests. But then who de facto manages these trillions?
⚠️ Vanguard is not a public company.
⚠️ Its shares are not traded.
⚠️ The real ownership mechanism — a black box.
It’s the perfect system for... "invisible control." And this isn’t a conspiracy theory, but logic:
If you can’t find the ultimate beneficiary — it means they’re either too big, or hiding for a reason.
🕸️ The “Big Three” and the invisible hand effect
Vanguard, BlackRock, and State Street — three funds that hold between 3% to 8% of shares in most of the world’s largest corporations. It seems small, but only 15–20% of shares are in free float.
❗ This gives the Big Three “real power”: from voting at meetings to influencing media narratives and climate policy.
📌 They own stakes in CNN, Fox, and Disney.
📌 Invest in oil companies that violate human rights.
📌 And at the same time — push the “green transition” agenda.
Conflict of interest? No. It’s “total control over both sides of the conflict.”
🤫 Why Vanguard is impossible to destroy
If you think Vanguard is just an investment fund, here are a few facts:
🔒 No company shares → can’t buy a controlling stake.
🔒 Over 400 legal entities → can’t file a single lawsuit.
🔒 Every investor essentially becomes a “co-owner” → responsibility is blurred.
🔒 All stakes split below 10% → bypass antitrust laws.
You can’t sue a ghost.
You can’t attack a network if you don’t know where its center is.
🧭 What’s next?
Today, Vanguard manages over $10 trillion, which is more than the GDP of Germany, India, and Brazil combined.
Though the fund’s founder passed away as “the conscience of Wall Street,” his creation became an "architecture of global control" that even the U.S. Federal Reserve couldn’t handle.
🎤 “We are the invisible hand of Adam Smith,” John Bogle once said.
A more detailed book review will follow below. I understand how important this is in our time and I appreciate it.
📘 General Concept of the Book:
The book is at once the autobiography of John Bogle, the story of the founding and development of Vanguard, and a manifesto of index investing philosophy. A runaway waiter, Princeton graduate, and "Wall Street rebel," Bogle creates Vanguard — a company that changed the investment world by making it more fair and accessible.
📑 Structure of the Book:
The book is divided into four parts:
Part I — The History of Vanguard.
Part II — The Evolution of Key Funds.
Part III — The Future of Investment Management.
Part IV — Personal Reflections, Philosophy, and Values of the Author.
💡 Key Ideas of the Book (Introductory Chapters, Preface):
- Index investing is the most important financial innovation of the 20th century.
- Passive management beats active managers in returns and costs.
- Vanguard’s mission is not to make money off investors, but to serve them.
- Criticism of Wall Street: high fees, conflicts of interest, short-term thinking.
- Financial revolution — a mass shift of investors from active to index funds.
🧠 Bogle's Values:
- Long-term thinking. Don’t give in to market “noise.”
- Honesty and transparency in investing.
- Minimal costs = maximum return for the investor.
- Fiduciary duty: protecting the client’s interest comes first.
📗 Part I: The History of Vanguard
🔹 Chapter 1: 1974 — The Prophecy
Context:
John Bogle is in a difficult position — he’s fired as head of Wellington Management Company.
During a trip to Los Angeles, he meets John Lovelace of American Funds, who warns: if you create a truly mutual investment company, you’ll destroy the industry.
Main Idea:
⚡ Bogle decides to go against the profit-driven industry and creates Vanguard — a company owned by investors, not managers.
Key Moments:
- Vanguard is founded in 1974 — in the middle of a crisis.
- The company has no external shareholders — all “profits” are returned to investors through lower fees.
- In 1975, the first index fund for individual investors is launched — a revolutionary idea, initially ridiculed as “Bogle’s madness.”
Important Quotes:
"Gross return before costs is market return. Net return after costs is lower. Therefore, to get the maximum, you must minimize costs."
– Bogle’s fundamental rule
🔹 Chapter 2: 1945–1965 — Background: Blair Academy, Princeton, Fortune, and Wellington
Early Life:
Bogle studies at Blair Academy on a scholarship, works as a waiter.
He enters Princeton. Struggles with his economics course, but…
In the library, he accidentally finds the Fortune article “Big Money in Boston” — about mutual funds.
Turning Point:
This article inspires Bogle to write his thesis:
“The Economic Role of the Investment Company”, where he argues:
- Funds should work for investors;
- Don’t expect them to beat the market;
- Costs must be minimized;
- Fund structure must be fair and transparent.
Career Start:
Work at Wellington Management (Philadelphia).
Starts from scratch, rising from junior analyst to president of the company.
Under Walter Morgan’s leadership, he learns the principles of discipline and serving investors.
✍️ Interim Summary
What’s important from these early chapters:
- Vanguard was born from the ruins of Bogle’s former career — an example of how failure can be the beginning of greatness.
- Already in college, Bogle saw the issue of conflicts of interest in the industry.
- His philosophy is idealism in action: don’t play guessing games — just invest in the market and reduce costs.
📘 Chapter 3: 1965–1974 — Rise and Fall
🚀 Appointed President of Wellington Management:
In 1965, at just 35 years old, John Bogle becomes president of Wellington.
He decides to modernize the business and bring in young star managers from Wall Street, especially from the firm Thorndike, Doran, Paine & Lewis.
⚠️ Risky Alliance:
Bogle makes a fatal mistake — he merges with the new management company without ensuring value alignment.
The new partners are focused on profit and short-term gains, not building a strong long-term foundation.
This leads to internal conflict, loss of trust, and poor fund performance.
💥 Dismissal:
In 1974, after a series of conflicts, the board removes Bogle.
He loses control of the company he built for nearly 25 years.
Bogle’s comment:
"I was fired, but I was still chairman of the Wellington mutual funds — and that turned out to be a lifeline."
📘 Chapter 4: 1974–1975 — The Birth of Vanguard
🧩 A Unique Legal Loophole:
Though Bogle was fired from the management company, he remained head of the Wellington Fund trustees — giving him the opportunity to build a new independent structure.
🛠 Creating Vanguard:
In December 1974, he launches The Vanguard Group — a company owned by the investors (shareholders) themselves.
Model: the fund belongs to the investors → the fund owns the management company → no outside profit, only cost recovery.
⚙️ "Vanguard" as a Symbol:
The name was inspired by Admiral Horatio Nelson’s ship — HMS Vanguard.
A symbol of leadership, courage, and moving against the tide.
Key Idea:
Vanguard would be the only truly mutual investment organization — a model where clients = owners.
📘 Chapter 5: 1975 — The First Index Fund
🤯 Revolution: The Indexing Approach
Bogle decides to create the first index mutual fund for retail investors.
Name: First Index Investment Trust (later — Vanguard 500 Index Fund).
Idea: invest in all S&P 500 stocks to reflect the market’s return instead of trying to beat it.
🪓 A Blow to the Industry:
The financial world reacts harshly:
- “Bogle’s madness”;
- “This is a failure”;
- “Who would want to just match the market?”
🔧 Humble Beginning:
The goal was to raise $150 million, but only $11 million was collected — tiny by industry standards.
But Bogle didn’t give up:
"It was a small step, but with a powerful message."
💡 Summary of Chapters 3–5: How Vanguard Was Built
🔑 Event 💬 Meaning
Loss of control at Wellington ----- Collapse of the old model, beginning of a new path
Creation of Vanguard------------- Innovative, investor-first structure
Launch of index fund--------------Start of the indexing revolution, Bogle’s core philosophy
📝 Quotes for Thought:
"All I did was apply common sense. I just said: Let’s leave the returns to the investors, not the managers." — John Bogle
"This is a business where you get what you don’t pay for. Lower costs = better results." — Bogle’s favorite saying, debunking “more is better”
📘 Chapter 6: 1976–1981 — The Survival Period
⏳ Tough Start:
After launching the index fund, Vanguard faces slow growth and constant skepticism.
For 83 straight months (nearly 7 years!), Vanguard sees net outflows — investors are hesitant to trust this new model.
🧱 Laying the Foundation:
Bogle and his team focus on:
- Transparency
- Lowering costs
- Investor education (they explain what it means to “stay the course”)
💬 The Core Dilemma:
"All investors want to beat the market. But no one wants to pay the price: high fees, taxes, risks. We offered an alternative — reliability, simplicity, and low cost."
📈 Small Wins:
Despite modest volume, Vanguard starts building a reputation as an “honest player.”
It becomes evident: investors using Vanguard achieve better long-term results than those chasing trendy funds.
📘 Chapter 7: 1982–1991 — Growth and Recognition
💡 The Power of Philosophy:
Bogle keeps repeating: “Stay the course” — don’t try to predict the market, don’t fall for fear and greed.
This message becomes especially powerful after the 1982 and 1987 market crises.
🏆 The First Fruits:
A slow but steady increase in assets begins.
Vanguard launches new index funds:
- Total Stock Market Index
- Bond Index
- International Index
📣 Educational Mission:
Bogle writes books, articles, gives interviews.
He isn’t just running a fund — he’s changing how people think about investing.
A community of followers emerges — the Bogleheads.
📊 Key Stats:
By 1991, Vanguard's assets reach around $130 billion.
Index funds begin receiving positive reviews from analysts, including Morningstar.
📘 Chapter 8: 1991–1999 — Industry Leadership
🚀 Explosive Growth:
In the 1990s, index funds go mainstream.
Investors realize that most active funds underperform the market — and they vote with their money for Vanguard.
🧰 Expanding the Product Line:
Vanguard introduces:
- Retirement funds
- Bond funds
- International and balanced funds
- Admiral Shares — low-cost funds for loyal investors
📢 Open Fight with the Industry:
Bogle continues to harshly criticize Wall Street:
- For greed, manipulation, and lack of transparency
- For prioritizing company profit over client interest
"The industry hates Vanguard because it proves you can be honest and still succeed."
⚠️ Internal Challenges:
In the late 1990s, Bogle’s health declines.
He passes leadership to Jack Brennan but retains influence on company strategy.
📊 Midpoint Summary (Chapters 6–8)
📅 Phase 📈 Essence
1976–1981 Quiet survival: building the model, fighting for trust
1982–1991 Slow growth: philosophy attracts investors
1991–1999 Recognition and leadership: indexing becomes dominant
💬 Bogle Quotes from These Chapters:
"Investing is not a business. It’s a service. Those who forget this lose everything."
"Every dollar spent on fees is a dollar lost to your future."
"Volatility is not the enemy. The real enemy is you, if you panic."
📘 Chapter 9: Leadership as a Calling
💡 A Leader ≠ A Manager:
Bogle contrasts a true leader with just an efficient executive.
A real leader:
- Puts others’ interests above their own
- Has a moral compass, not just KPIs
- Makes hard, unpopular decisions
🛤 His Leadership Style:
"Don’t ask others to do what you wouldn’t do yourself."
"Always explain why — people follow meaning, not orders."
He genuinely believes Vanguard should be more than a successful business — it should be a force for good in the market.
"Leadership is loyalty to an idea bigger than yourself."
🔄 Feedback Principle:
Bogle constantly interacts with clients, employees, and journalists.
He never isolates himself in an “ivory tower” — he believes this openness is a leader’s true strength.
📘 Chapter 10: Client Service — Vanguard’s Mission
🧭 The Mission:
"Maximize investor returns — not company profits."
Vanguard is built around fiduciary responsibility: every decision must pass the test — is this in the investor’s best interest or not?
🧾 How It’s Implemented:
- Fees below market average → investors keep more
- No ads for “hot” funds → Vanguard sells stability, not trends
- No sales commissions → no one profits off pushing funds to clients
- Ethical code — “Don’t do anything you wouldn’t want on the front page of the newspaper.”
"We’re not trying to be the best for Wall Street. We’re trying to be the best for you."
📘 Chapter 11: The Market Should Serve Society
📉 Critique of Modern Wall Street:
Bogle argues that finance has drifted from its original purpose.
Investing has turned into trading.
The investor became a cash cow, not a partner.
"The market now serves itself — and we’re still paying the price."
🌱 What the System Should Look Like:
- Companies should serve society
- Investors should be owners, not speculators
- Funds should be transparent, accountable, and honest
📢 Call for Reform:
Bogle calls for a rethinking of finance:
- Restore the human element
- Make mission more important than profit
- Protect long-term interests of millions of ordinary investors
"If we want capitalism with a human face, we must return finance to serving society."
📊 Summary of Chapters 9–11: Bogle's Philosophy
📌 Direction------------💬 Essence
Leadership-------------Morality, leading by example, purpose-driven
Business---------------First and foremost — service to the client
Financial System-------Must work for society, not just for profit of the few
✨ Inspirational Quotes:
"The most important thing you can invest is not money — it’s your conscience."
"Honesty in business is not a competitive edge. It’s a duty."
"I’m not against capitalism. I’m against capitalism without morals."
📘 Chapter 12: The Future of Investing — Where the Industry Is Headed
🌐 Bogle sees three main trends:
Victory of Passive Investing:
- Index funds continue to displace active management
- Their share of assets under management is growing rapidly
- More investors are realizing the power of simplicity
Fee Pressure:
- Fees are approaching zero (some funds are effectively free)
- Winners: investors. Losers: traditional management companies
The Role of Technology:
- Rise of robo-advisors (automated investment advisors)
- But Bogle warns: Technology without philosophy is just a tool, not a solution
🚨 Threat #1 — Hyperfinancialization:
"The market is turning into a casino. And the fewer the players, the more the house wins."
Bogle reminds us: the goal of investing is owning businesses — not gambling.
The higher the turnover, the more you lose on fees and taxes.
📘 Chapter 13: The Power of Indexing — Threat or Blessing?
📈 Strength in Scale:
The biggest index providers (Vanguard, BlackRock, State Street) own large shares in nearly all companies in the indexes.
This raises the issue of concentrated power — is too much influence in too few hands?
⚖️ The Indexing Paradox:
Index funds don’t actively vote on corporate governance issues.
So the more power they hold, the less oversight there is over company management.
📣 Bogle’s Proposals:
- Establish a code of conduct for index providers
- Require them to vote in investors’ interests
- Mandate transparency in how they use their voting power
"We fought for the democratization of investing. We cannot let it end in a new monarchy."
📘 Chapter 14: Personal Reflections — On Life, Mission, and Faith
🧬 Personal and Eternal:
Bogle shares his core life principles:
- To serve, not to own
- To leave a mark, not accumulate
- To do what’s right, not what’s profitable
He talks about his battle with heart disease — both as a personal journey and a metaphor for resisting the system.
🙏 Gratitude:
He dedicates the book to his family, colleagues, and investors.
Emphasizes: every day is a chance to be useful.
"I created Vanguard, but Vanguard created me. My career isn’t a triumph — it’s a thank you to fate for the chance to be heard."
📊 Summary of Chapters 12–14: Looking Ahead and Within
📌 Theme-----------------💬 Essence
Future of Investing---------Indexing is the new standard, but needs responsible stewardship
Concentration of Power----Index giants must be accountable to society
Personal Legacy-----------Life is about service, honesty, and setting an example
💬 Final Inspirational Quotes:
"Life isn’t about making more money. It’s about doing more good."
"One day, someone will say: ‘Bogle was stubborn. He never compromised his conscience.’ That will be the best reward."
🧩 Bogle’s Principle Summary (from the book):
- Lower costs — pay less = keep more
- Don’t chase returns — be realistic
- Be a long-term investor — ignore market noise
- Invest broadly, passively, regularly
- Don’t try to beat the market — own the market
- Focus on goals, not trends
- Finance = service. Not a business for profit
💡 Investment Philosophy
🟨 “This is a business where you get what you don’t pay for.”
🟨 “Don’t try to beat the market. Just own it.”
🟨 “In the stock market, investors are rewarded for patience and punished for frenzy.”
🟨 “Gross return minus costs = market return. After costs — less. So: reduce costs — and you win.”
🟨 “The problem isn’t that investors know too little. The problem is they know too much of what doesn’t matter.”
🧭 Principles & Morality
🟩 “Investing is not a business. It’s a service.”
🟩 “Honesty isn’t a strategy. It’s an obligation.”
🟩 “The goal of Vanguard isn’t to make more, but to return to the investor what’s rightfully theirs.”
🟩 “If your investments keep you up at night, change them. Or better — change yourself.”
🧠 On Leadership and Mission
🔷 “A leader isn’t the one in front. It’s the one responsible for the rest.”
🔷 “Respect isn’t bought. It’s earned when you do what’s right, even if it’s unpopular.”
🔷 “We didn’t build Vanguard for glory. We built it to leave something better than what was.”
💬 On the Market and Industry
🔴 “Today's stock market isn’t a place for investors. It’s a casino with a shiny sign.”
🔴 “We’re not against capital. We’re against capitalism without a conscience.”
🔴 “The people selling investments always say they can pick the best. But what if the best is just paying less?”
❤️ On Life and Legacy
💠 “I created Vanguard, but Vanguard created me. It’s not my victory — it’s gratitude for the chance to serve.”
💠 “Every day is a chance to do something not for yourself.”
💠 “You can measure success with money. Or with a conscience, you don’t have to justify.”
It was a lot of work!
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S&P500 This is the buy opportunity of the year for a 7000 TargetThe S&P500 index (SPX) is in the process of posting its 2nd straight green 1W candle, following a streak of 4 red weeks since the February 17 peak. That streaκ was technically the Bearish Leg of the 1.5-year Channel Up and as you can see, it made a direct contact with its bottom (Higher Lows trend-line).
As the same time, the 1W RSI almost touched the 40.00 Support that priced the October 23 2023 Low, which was the previous Higher Low of the Channel Up. The similarities don't stop there as both Bearish Legs had approximately a -10.97% decline, the strongest within that time-frame.
The Bullish Leg that followed that bottom initially peaked on a +28.85% rise, almost touching the 2.236 Fibonacci extension. Assuming the symmetry holds between the Bullish Legs as well, we can be expecting the index to start the new Bullish Leg now and target 7000 by the end of the year, which is marginally below both the 2.236 Fib ext and a potential +28.85% rise.
This may indeed be the best buy opportunity for 2025.
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US500 Is Bearish! Sell!
Here is our detailed technical review for US500.
Time Frame: 4h
Current Trend: Bearish
Sentiment: Overbought (based on 7-period RSI)
Forecast: Bearish
The market is approaching a significant resistance area 5,754.53.
Due to the fact that we see a positive bearish reaction from the underlined area, I strongly believe that sellers will manage to push the price all the way down to 5,665.70 level.
P.S
Overbought describes a period of time where there has been a significant and consistent upward move in price over a period of time without much pullback.
Disclosure: I am part of Trade Nation's Influencer program and receive a monthly fee for using their TradingView charts in my analysis.
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S&P 500: The Correction Is Not Over Yet – Targets Around 5000At the moment, the S&P 500 is holding relatively stable, but I believe the current decline is just part of a larger correction following decades of growth.
Right now, the index is retracing to the 50% pullback area (marked on the chart), which aligns with a typical retest before a potential continuation of the downward move. In this zone, a manipulation is likely, after which the decline may resume.
An additional confirmation of this scenario is the unfilled gap below, which remains uncovered. Historically, the market tends to close such gaps. Moreover, there are untested price levels lower on the chart, suggesting a high probability of further downside movement, with targets around 5000 points.
I will keep monitoring the situation and update my outlook as new data emerges.
Bullish momentum to extend?S&P500 (US500) is falling towards the pivot which is a pullback support and could bounce to the 1st resistance which acts as a pullback resistance.
Pivot: 5,671.90
1st Support: 5,599.90
1st Resistance: 5,843.10
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