Rainbow IndicatorName of the indicator: Rainbow indicator
A brief description of the indicator:
Using this indicator, you can see the "margin of safety" for opening a position in shares of fundamentally strong companies with an acceptable P/E level, as well as the price range for closing a position.
The background to the creation of the indicator:
I got the idea to create this indicator thanks to the concept of the "margin of safety", which was invented by the father of value investing - Benjamin Graham. According to his idea, it is reasonable to buy shares of a company only when the price offered by the market is lower than the "intrinsic value" calculated on the basis of financial statements. The value of this difference is the "margin of safety”. At the same time, the indicator does not copy Graham's idea but develops it relying on my own methodology.
So, according to Graham, the "margin of safety" is a good discount to the intrinsic value of the company. That is, if a company's stock is trading at prices that are well below the company's intrinsic value (on a per-share basis), it's a good opportunity to consider buying it. In this case, you will have a certain margin of safety in case the company is in financial distress and its stock price goes down. Accordingly, the greater the discount, the better.
When it comes to the intrinsic value of a company, there are many approaches to determining it - from calculating the Price-to-book value financial ratio to the discounted cash flow method. As for my approach, I am not trying to find the cherished intrinsic value, but I am trying to understand how fundamentally strong the company is in front of me, and in how many years the investment in it will pay off. To determine fundamental strength, I use the appropriate Fundamental Strength Indicator . To estimate the payback period, I use the P/E ratio (*). If I am satisfied with both of these indicators, I move on to the Rainbow Indicator.
(*) If you want to learn more about the P/E ratio, I suggest reading my two articles on TradingView:
Price / Earnings: Interpretation #1
Price/Earnings: amazing interpretation #2
Indicator calculation methodology:
The Rainbow indicator starts with a simple moving average of one year (this is the thick red line in the center). Hereinafter a year will mean the last 252 trading days.
Applying a moving average of this length - is a good way to smooth out sharp price fluctuations which can happen during a year as much as possible, keeping the trend direction as much as possible. Thus, the moving average becomes for me the center of fluctuations of the imaginary pendulum of the market price.
Then the deviations are calculated from the center of fluctuations. To do this, a certain amount of earnings per share is subtracted from and added to the moving average. This is the diluted EPS of the last year.
Deviations with a "-" sign form the Lower Rainbow of four colors:
- The blue spectrum of the lower rainbow begins with a deflection of -4 EPS and ends with a deflection of -8 EPS.
- Green spectrum of the lower rainbow begins with a deflection of -8 EPS and ends with a deflection of -16 EPS.
- The orange spectrum of the lower rainbow begins with a deflection of -16 EPS and ends with a deflection of -32 EPS.
- Red spectrum of the lower rainbow begins with a deflection of -32 EPS and goes to infinity.
The Lower Rainbow is used to determine the price ranges that can be considered for buying stocks. It is in the spectra of the Lower Rainbow that the very "margin of safety" according to my methodology is located. The Lower Rainbow has the boundaries between the spectra as a solid line . And only the red spectrum of the Lower Rainbow has only one boundary.
Deviations with a "+" sign form the Upper Rainbow of four similar colors:
- The red spectrum of the upper rainbow begins with a deflection of 0 EPS and ends with a deflection of +4 EPS.
- The orange spectrum of the upper rainbow begins with a deflection of +4 EPS and ends with a deflection of +8 EPS.
- Green spectrum top rainbow begins with a deflection of +8 EPS and ends with a deflection of +16 EPS.
- The blue spectrum of the upper rainbow begins with a deflection of +16 EPS and goes to infinity.
The Upper Rainbow is used to determine the price ranges that can be considered for selling stocks already purchased. The top rainbow has boundaries between the spectra in the form of crosses . And only the blue spectrum of the upper rainbow has only one boundary.
The presence of the Empty Area (the size of 4 EPS) above the Lower Rainbow creates some asymmetry between the two rainbows - the Lower Rainbow looks wider than the Upper Rainbow. This asymmetry is deliberate because the market tends to fall much faster and deeper than it grows . Therefore, a wider Lower Rainbow is conducive to buying stocks at a good discount during a period of massive "sell-offs.
The situation, when the Lower Rainbow is below the center of fluctuations (the thick red line) and the Upper Rainbow, is above the center of fluctuations is called an Obverse . It is only possible to buy a stock in an Obverse situation .
The situation when the Lower Rainbow is above the center of fluctuations and the Upper Rainbow is below the center of fluctuations is called Reverse . In this situation, the stock cannot be considered for purchase , according to my approach.
Selling a previously purchased stock is possible in both situations: Reverse and Obverse. After loading the indicator, you can see a hint next to the closing price - Reverse or Obverse now.
Due to the fact that the size of the deviation from the center of fluctuation depends on the size of the diluted EPS, several important conclusions can be made:
- The Obverse situation is characteristic of companies that show a profit over the last year.
- The Reverse situation is typical for companies that show a loss over the last year.
- An increase in the width of both rainbows in the Obverse situation tells us about an increase in profits for the company.
- A decrease in the width of both rainbows in the Obverse situation tells us about a decrease in the company's profits.
- An increase in the width of both rainbows in the Reverse situation tells us about an increase in the company's losses.
- A decrease in the width of both rainbows in the Reverse situation tells us about a decrease in the company's losses.
- The higher the profit level of the company, the greater your "margin of safety" should be. This will provide the necessary margin of safety in case you go into a cycle of declining financial results. The appropriate width of the Lower Rainbow will just create this "margin".
- Increased profits in the company (after buying its stock) will allow you to stay in position longer by widening the Upper Rainbow.
- A decrease in profits in the company (after buying its stock) will allow you to close your position more quickly by narrowing the Upper Rainbow.
Conditions for opening and closing positions:
So, the Lower Rainbow has four differently colored spectra: blue, green, orange, and red. Each one highlights the desired range of prices acceptable for buying in an Obverse situation. The blue spectrum is upper with respect to the green spectrum, and the green spectrum is lower with respect to the blue spectrum, etc.
- If the current price is in the Blue Spectrum of the Lower Rainbow, that is a reason to consider that company for buying the first portion (*) of the stock.
- If the current price has fallen below (into the Green Spectrum of the Lower Rainbow), that is a reason to consider this company to buy a second portion of the stock.
- If the current price has fallen below (into the Orange Spectrum of the Lower Rainbow), it is a reason to consider this company to buy a third portion of the stock.
- If the current price has fallen below (into the Red Spectrum of the Lower Rainbow), that is a reason to consider that company to buy a fourth portion of the stock.
(*) The logic of the Rainbow Indicator implies that no more than 4 portions of one company's stock can be purchased. One portion refers to the number of shares you can consider buying at the current price (depending on your account size and personal diversification ratio - see information below).
The Upper Rainbow also has four differently colored spectra: blue, green, orange, and red. Each of them highlights the appropriate range of prices acceptable for closing an open position.
- If the current price is in the red spectrum of the Upper Rainbow, I close one portion of an open position bought in the red spectrum of the Lower Rainbow.
- If the current price is in the orange spectrum of the Upper Rainbow, I close one portion of an open position bought in the orange spectrum of the Lower Rainbow.
- If the current price is in the green spectrum of the Upper Rainbow, I close one portion of an open position bought in the green spectrum of the Lower Rainbow.
- If the current price is in the blue spectrum of the Upper Rainbow, I close one portion of an open position bought in the blue spectrum of the Lower Rainbow.
This position-closing logic applies to both the Obverse and Reverse situations. In both cases, the position is closed in portions in four steps. However, there are 3 exceptions to this rule when it is possible to close an entire position in whole rather than in parts:
- If there is a Reverse situation and the current price is above the thick red line.
- If I decide to invest in another company and I do not have enough available cash to purchase the necessary number of portions.
- If I find out about events that pose a real threat to the further existence of the company (for example, a bankruptcy filing), I can close the position earlier, without waiting for the price to hit the corresponding Upper Rainbow spectrum.
So, the basic scenario of opening and closing a position assumes the gradual purchase of shares in 4 stages and their gradual sale in 4 stages. However, there is a situation where one of the stages is skipped in the case of buying shares and in the case of selling them. For example, because the Fundamental Strength Indicator and the P/E ratio became acceptable for me only at a certain stage (spectrum) or the moment was missed for a transaction due to technical reasons. In such cases, I buy or sell more than one portion of a stock in the spectrum I am in. The number of additional portions will depend on the number of missed spectra. For example, if I have no position in the stock of the company in question, all conditions for buying the stock have been met, and the current price is in the orange spectrum of the Lower Rainbow, I can buy three portions of the stock at once (for the blue, green, and orange spectrum). I will sell these three portions in the corresponding Upper Rainbow spectra (orange, green, and blue). However, if for some reason the orange spectrum of the Upper Rainbow was missed, and the current price is in the green spectrum - I will sell two portions of the three (in the green spectrum). I will sell the last, third portion only when the price reaches the blue spectrum of the Upper Rainbow.
The Rainbow Indicator also helps calculate the number of shares that can be considered for purchase at the current price position in the Lower Rainbow spectra. To do this, you need to go to the indicator settings.
+ Cash in - Cash out +/- Closed profit/loss + Dividends - Fees - Taxes
Here I indicate the amount of funds deposited to my account, withdrawn from it, profit/loss on closed positions, dividends credited to the account, and taxes deducted from the account.
Diversification coefficient
The diversification coefficient determines how diversified I want my portfolio to be. For example, a diversification coefficient of 20 means that I plan to buy 20 share portions of different companies, but no more than 4 portions per company (based on the number of Lower Rainbow spectra).
The cost of purchased shares of this company (fees excluded)
Here I specify the amount of already purchased shares of the company in question in the currency of my portfolio. For example, if at this point in time, I have purchased 1000 shares at $300 per share, and my portfolio is expressed in $, I enter - $300,000.
The cost of all purchased shares in the portfolio (fees excluded)
Here I enter the amount of all purchased shares for all companies in the currency of my portfolio (without commissions spent on the purchase). This is necessary to determine the amount of available funds available to purchase shares.
After entering all the necessary data, I go to the checkbox, by checking it I confirm that the company in question has been studied with the Fundamental Strength Indicator and the P/E ratio, and their values are satisfactory to me. No calculation is performed without the checkbox checked. This is done intentionally because the application of the Rainbow Indicator for stock acquisition purposes is possible only after studying the Fundamental Strength of the company and an acceptable P/E value.
Next, I click "Ok" and get the calculation in the form of a table on the left.
Free cash in the portfolio
This is the amount of free cash available to purchase stocks. Please note that the price of the stock and the funds in your portfolio must be denominated in the same currency. On TradingView, you can choose which currency to display the stock price in.
Cash amount for one portion
The amount of cash needed to buy one portion of a stock. Depends on the diversification ratio entered.
Potential portions amount
Number of portions, available for purchase at the current price. Can be a fractional number.
Cash amount to buy
The amount of cash needed to buy portions available for purchase at the current price.
Shares amount to buy
Number of shares in portions available for purchase at the current price.
The table also contains additional information in the form of the current value of the company's market capitalization and P/E ratio.
Mandatory requirements for using the indicator:
- works only on a daily timeframe;
- the indicator is only applicable to shares of public companies;
- quarterly income statements for the last year are required;
- an acceptable for you P/E ratio is required to consider the company's stock for purchase;
- the Rainbow Indicator only applies in tandem with the Fundamental Strength Indicator. To consider a company's stock for purchase, you need confirmation that the company is fundamentally strong.
What is the value of the Rainbow Indicator?
- clearly demonstrates a company's profit and loss dynamics;
- shows the price ranges that can be used to open and close a position;
- takes into account the principle of gradual increase and decrease of a position;
- allows calculating the number of shares to be purchased;
- shows the current value of the P/E ratio;
- shows the current capitalization of the company.
Example:
As an example, consider the situation with NVIDIA Corporation stock (ticker - NVDA).
September 02, 2022:
Fundamental Strength Indicator - 11.46 (fundamentally strong company).
P/E - 39.58 (acceptable to me).
Current Price - $136.47 (is in the Orange Spectrum of the Lower Rainbow).
Situation - Obverse.
The basic conditions for buying this company's stock are met. The Rainbow Indicator settings are filled out as follows:
The table to the left of the Rainbow Indicator shows how many shares are possible to buy in the Orange Spectrum of Lower Rainbow at the current price = 10 shares. This corresponds to 2.73 portions.
To give you an example, I buy 10 shares of NVDA at $136.47 per share.
October 14, 2022:
NVDA's stock price has moved into the red spectrum of the Lower Rainbow.
The Fundamental Strength Indicator is 10.81 (fundamentally strong company).
P/E is 35.80 (an acceptable level for me).
Current Price - $112.27 (is in the Red Spectrum of the Lower Rainbow).
Situation - Obverse.
The basic conditions for buying this company's stock are still met. The Rainbow Indicator settings are populated as follows:
The table to the left of the Rainbow Indicator shows how many shares are possible to buy in the Lower Rainbow Red Spectrum at the current price (5 shares). This corresponds to 1.12 portions.
To give you an example, I buy 5 shares of NVDA at $112.27 per share. A total of 3.85 portions were purchased, which is the maximum possible number of portions at the current price level. The remainder in the form of 0.15 portions can be purchased only at a price level below $75 per share.
January 23, 2023:
The price of NVDA stock passes through the red spectrum of the Upper Rainbow and stops in the orange spectrum. As an example, I sell 5 shares bought in the red spectrum of the Lower Rainbow, for example at $180 per share (+60%). And also a third of the shares bought in the orange spectrum, 3 shares out of 10, for example at $190 a share (+39%). That leaves me with 7 shares.
January 27, 2023:
NVDA's stock price has continued to rise and has moved into the green spectrum of the Upper Rainbow. This is a reason to close some of the remaining 7 shares. I divide the 7 shares by 2 and round up to a whole number - that's 4 shares. For my example, I sell 4 shares at $199 a share (+46%). Now I am left with 3 shares of stock.
February 02, 2023:
The price of NVDA stock moves into the blue spectrum of the Upper Rainbow, and I close the remaining 3 shares, for example, at $216 per share (+58%). The entire position in NVDA stock is closed.
As you can see, the Fundamental Strength Indicator and the P/E ratio were not used in the process of closing the position. Decisions were made only on the basis of the Rainbow Indicator.
As another example, let's look at the situation with the shares of Papa Johns International, Inc. (ticker PZZA).
November 01, 2017:
Fundamental Strength Indicator - 13.22 points (fundamentally strong company).
P/E - 21.64 (acceptable to me).
Current Price - $62.26 (is in the blue spectrum of the Lower Rainbow).
Situation - Obverse.
The basic conditions for buying shares of this company are met. The settings of the Rainbow Indicator are filled as follows:
The table to the left of the Rainbow Indicator shows how many shares are possible to buy in the Lower Rainbow Blue Spectrum at the current price - 8 shares. This corresponds to 1 portion.
To give you an example, I buy 8 shares of PZZA at a price of $62.26.
August 8, 2018:
PZZA's share price has moved into the green spectrum of the Lower Rainbow.
The Fundamental Strength Indicator is a 9.83 (fundamentally strong company).
P/E is 16.07 (an acceptable level for me).
Current Price - $38.94 (is in the green spectrum of the Lower Rainbow).
Situation - Obverse.
The basic conditions for buying shares of this company are still met. The Rainbow Indicator settings are populated as follows:
The table to the left of the Rainbow Indicator shows how many shares are possible to buy in the Lower Rainbow Green Spectrum at the current price - 12 shares. This corresponds to 0.93 portions.
To give you an example, I buy 12 shares of PZZA at a price of $38.94. A total of 1.93 portions were purchased.
October 31, 2018:
PZZA's stock price moves into the Upper Rainbow red spectrum and is $54.54 per share. Since I did not have any portions purchased in the Lower Rainbow red spectrum, there is no closing part of the position.
February 01, 2019:
After a significant decline, PZZA's stock price moves into the orange spectrum of the Lower Rainbow at $38.51 per share. However, I am not taking any action because the company's Fundamental Strength on this day is 5.02 (a fundamentally mediocre company).
March 27, 2019:
PZZA's stock price passes the green and blue spectrum of the Upper Rainbow. This allowed to close the previously purchased 12 shares, for example, at $50 a share (+28%) and 8 shares at $50.38 a share (-19%).
Closing the entire position at once was facilitated by a significant narrowing in both rainbows. As we now know, this indicates a decline in earnings at the company.
Risk disclaimer:
When working with the Rainbow Indicator, keep in mind that the release of the Income statement (from which diluted EPS is derived) occurs some time after the end of the fiscal quarter. This means that the new relevant data for the calculation will only appear after the publication of the new statement. In this regard, there may be a significant change in the Rainbow Indicator after the publication of the new statement. The magnitude of this change will depend on both the content of the new statement and the number of days between the end of the financial quarter and the publication date of the statement. Prior to the publication date of the new statement, the latest actual data will be used for the calculations. Also, once again, please note that the Rainbow Indicator can only be used in tandem with the Fundamental Strength Indicator and the P/E ratio. Without these additional filters, the Rainbow Indicator loses its intended meaning.
The Rainbow Indicator allows you to determine the price ranges for opening and closing a position gradually, based on available data and the methodology I created. You can also use it to calculate the number of shares you can consider buying taking into account the position you already have. However, this Indicator and/or its description and examples cannot be used as the sole reason for buying or selling stocks or for any other action or inaction related to stocks.
Long-term
Fundamental Strength IndicatorName of the indicator: Fundamental Strength Indicator
A brief description of the indicator:
Using this indicator, you can evaluate a company in terms of the strength of its financial performance and see how that score has changed over time.
The background to the creation of the indicator:
The main idea that inspired me to create this indicator is: " Even if you buy just 1 share of a company, treat it like buying the whole business ". However, when I need to evaluate the business of thousands of public companies traded on exchanges, there is an objective difficulty: it is very time-consuming. To solve this problem, I had to create a scoring system of the fundamental analysis of the company, embodied in this indicator.
What the indicator looks like:
- First, it is a Histogram with bars of three colors: green, orange, and red. The width of the histogram depends on the depth of data from the company statements. The more historical data, the wider the histogram over time.
The green color of the bars means that the company has been showing excellent financial results by the sum of the factors in that time period. According to my terminology, the company has a " strong foundation " during this period. Green corresponds to values between 8 and 15 (where 15 is the maximum possible positive value on the sum of the factors).
The orange color of the bars means that according to the sum of factors during this period the company demonstrated mediocre financial results, i.e. it has a " mediocre foundation ". Orange color corresponds to values from 1 to 7.
The red color of the bars means that according to the sum of factors in this period of time, the company demonstrated weak financial results, i.e. it has a " weak foundation ". The red color corresponds to values from -15 to 0 (where -15 is the maximum possible negative value on the sum of factors).
- Second, this is the Blue Line , which is the moving average of the Histogram bars over the last year (*). Averaging over the year is necessary in order to obtain a weighted estimate that is not subject to medium-term fluctuations. It is by the last value of the blue line that the actual Fundamental Strength of the company is determined.
(*) The last year means the last 252 trading days, including the current trading day.
- Third, these are operating, investing, and financing Cash Flows expressed in Diluted net income. These flows look like thick green, orange, and red lines, respectively.
- Fourth, this is the Table on the left, which shows the latest actual value of the Fundamental Strength and Cash Flows.
Indicator settings:
In the indicator settings, I can disable the visibility of the Histogram, Blue Line, Cash Flows (each separately), and Table. It helps to study each of the parameters separately. It is also possible to change the color, transparency, and thickness of lines.
Mandatory requirements for using the indicator:
- works only on a daily timeframe;
- only applies to shares of public companies;
- company financial statements for the last 4 quarters and more are required;
- it is necessary to have the data from the Balance sheet, Income statement, and Cash flow statement, required for the calculation.
If at least one component required for calculating the Fundamental Strength is missing, the message " no data to calculate the Fundamental Strength correctly " is displayed. In the same case, but for the operating cash flow, the message " no data to calculate the Operating Cash Flow correctly " is shown, and similarly for other flows.
What is the value of the Fundamental Strength Indicator:
- allows for a quantitative assessment of a company's financial performance in points (from -15 to 15 points);
- allows you to visually track how the company's financial performance has changed (positively/negatively) over time;
- allows to visually trace the movement of main cash flows over time;
- speeds up the process of selecting companies for your shortlist (if you are focused on financial results when selecting companies);
- allows you to protect yourself from investing in companies with weak and mediocre fundamentals.
Indicator calculation methodology:
Guided by the "Treat stock investments as buying the whole business" approach, you can imagine what kind of business an investor is interested in owning and simultaneously determine the input parameters for calculating the indicator.
(!) Here it is important to emphasize that the idea of a benchmark business for investment is a subjective notion, so be sure to check whether it coincides with your own opinion.
For me, a benchmark business is:
- A business that operates efficiently without diminishing the return on shareholders' investment. To assess the efficiency and profitability of a business, I use the following financial ratios (*): Diluted EPS and Return on Equity (ROE). The first two parameters for calculating the indicator are there.
- A business that scales sales and optimizes its costs. From this point of view, the following financial ratios are suitable: Gross margin, Operating expense ratio, and Total revenue. Plus three other metrics.
- A business that turns goods/services into cash quickly and does not fall behind on payments to suppliers. The following financial ratios will fit here: Days payable, Days sales outstanding, and Inventory to revenue ratio. These are three more metrics.
- A business that does not resort to significant accounts payable and shows financial strength. Here I use the following financial ratios: Current ratio, Interest coverage, and Debt to revenue ratio. These are the last three parameters.
(*) If you want to learn more about these financial ratios, I suggest reading my two articles on TradingView:
Financial ratios: digesting them together
What can financial ratios tell us?
Next, each of the parameters is assigned a certain number of points based on its last value or the position of that value relative to the annual maximum and minimum.
For example, if the Current ratio:
- greater than or equal to 2 (+1 point);
- less than or equal to 1 (-1 point);
- more than 1 but less than 2 (0 points).
Or for example, if Diluted EPS:
- near or above the annual high (+2 points);
- near the annual minimum and below (-2 points);
- between the annual maximum and minimum (0 points).
And so on with each of the parameters.
As a result, the maximum number of points a company can score is 15 points. The minimum number of points a company can score is -15 points. These levels are marked with horizontal dotted lines: the green line is for the maximum value, and the red line is for the minimum.
I track the number of points for each day of a company's life on a three-color Histogram. The resulting average value for the last year is on the Blue Line. For me, it is the last value of the Blue Line that determines - this is the actual Fundamental Strength of the company.
The business valuation model I created is more suitable for companies that produce goods or services, and where tangible assets play a significant role in the business. For example, when analyzing companies in the financial sector, you may see the message "no data to calculate the Fundamental Strength correctly". Many of them may simply be missing data that is used as input for the calculation: Inventory to revenue ratio, Days sales outstanding, etc.
Examples:
Below I will evaluate various companies using the Fundamental Strength Indicator.
Tesla, Inc.
The indicator shows that since 2020, Tesla Inc. has been steadily increasing its Fundamental Strength (from 3.27 in Q1 2020 to 12.79 in Q1 2023). This is noticeable both by the color change of the Histogram from orange to green and by the rising Blue Line. If you look in detail at what has been happening with the financials during this time, it's clear what meaningful work the company has done. Revenues have almost quadrupled. Earnings per share have increased 134 times. At the same time, total debt to revenue fell almost 10 times.
Keurig Dr Pepper Inc.
The company, formed in 2018 by the merger of Keurig Green Mountain and Dr Pepper Snapple Group, has failed to deliver outstanding financial results, causing its Fundamental Strength to fall from 4.63 in Q1 2018 to -0.53 in Q1 2023. During this period, the drop in diluted earnings per share was accompanied by higher debt and deteriorating liquidity.
Costco Wholesale Corporation
Wholesaler Costco has been surprisingly stable in its financial performance and with steady growth in both earnings and revenue. This is the reason why the Histogram bars are exceptionally green throughout the calculation of the indicator. The Fundamental Strength has not changed in three years and is high at 11 points.
As an additional filter, for example, when comparing two companies where all other conditions are equal - I use the dynamics of Cash Flows expressed in Diluted net income (*). These are the thick green, orange, and red lines over the Histogram.
Why do I use income as a unit of measure of Cash Flows? Because it is a good way to make the scale of indicator values the same for companies from different countries, with different currencies. It also allows you to use a single value scale for both Cash Flows and Fundamental Strength.
(*) If you want to learn more about Cash Flows, I suggest reading my two articles on TradingView:
Cash flow statement or Three great rivers
Cash flow vibrations
So, an additional filter shows the dynamics of Cash Flows over time.
To interpret the dynamics of Cash Flows, I pay attention to the following patterns:
- How the cash flows are positioned in relation to each other;
- In which zone each of the cash flows is located - in the positive or negative;
- What is the trend of each of the cash flows;
- How volatile each of the cash flows is.
As an example, let's look at several companies in order to interpret the dynamics of their Cash Flows.
John B. Sanfilippo & Son, Inc.
This is the most ideal situation for me: operating cash flow (green line) is above the other cash flows, investment cash flow (orange line) is near zero and practically unchanged, and financial cash flow (red line) is consistently below zero. This picture shows that the company lives off its operating cash flow, does not increase its debt, does not spend a substantial amount of money on expensive purchases, and retains (does not sell off) assets.
Parker Hannifin Corporation
With stable operating cash flow (green line), the company implements investment programs by raising additional funding. This is noticeable due to an increase in financial cash flow (red line) and a simultaneous decrease in investment cash flow (orange line) with a significant deepening into negative areas. Apparently, there is not enough operating cash flow to realize the planned investments. One has to wonder how sustainable a company can be if it invests in its development using borrowed funds without a subsequent increase in operating cash flow.
Schlumberger N. V.
The chaotic intertwining of cash flows outside of the Fundamental Strength range (-15 to 15) is indicative of the company's rich life, but to me, it is an indicator of high riskiness of its actions. And as we can see, Fundamental Strength has only begun to strengthen in the last year, when the external appearance of cash flow has normalized.
Risk disclaimer:
When working with the Fundamental Strength Indicator and the additional filter in the form of Cash Flows, you should understand that the publication of the Balance sheet, Income statement, and Cash flow statement takes place sometime after the end of the financial quarter. This means that new relevant data for the calculation will only appear after the publication of the new statements. In this regard, there may be a significant change in the values of the Indicator after the publication of new statements. The magnitude of this change will depend both on the content of the new statements and on the number of days between the end of the financial quarter and the publication date of the statements. Until the date of publication of the new statements, the latest relevant data will be used for calculations.
I would like to draw your attention to the fact that the calculation of Fundamental Strength and Cash Flows requires the availability of data for all parameters of the valuation model . It uses data that is exclusively available on TradingView (there is no reconciliation with other sources). If at least one parameter is missing, I switch to another company's analysis to continue using the indicator.
Thus, the Fundamental Strength Indicator and an additional filter in the form of Cash Flows make it possible to evaluate the financial results of the company based on the available data and the methodology I created. A simple visualization in the form of a three-color Histogram, a Blue line, and three thick Cash Flow lines significantly reduces the time for selecting fundamentally strong companies that fit the criteria of the selected model. However, this Indicator and/or its description and/or examples cannot be used as the sole reason for buying or selling stocks or for any other action or inaction related to stocks.
Logarithmic Trend ChannelThis indicator automatically draws a regression channel plotted on logarithmic scale from the first quotation.
This model is useful for the long term series data (such as 10 or 20 years time span).
The Pearson correlation measures the strength of the linear relationship between two variables. It has a value between to 1, with a value of 0 meaning no correlation, and + 1 meaning a total positive correlation.
Logarithmic price scales are a type of scale used on a chart, plotted such that two equivalent price changes are represented by the same vertical changes on the scale.
They differ from linear price scales because they display percentage points and not dollar price increases for a stock.
Technical issues
*The user have to pan over the chart from the beginning to the end of the study range (such as 10 years of bars) so the pine script could generate those lines on the chart.
*If on the chart the number of bar is less than the lookback period, it won't generate any lines as well.
On Balance Volume - Color Packed Patch'emOBV is provided as a built-in by TradingView.
This contribution grew out of reading about trend discovery, and since the library kept on this end was lacking in a volume-centric indicator, it looked like a good time to play around.
This approach isn't all that much different than many others with the possible exception of its color scheme.
Should you decide to use the script, it might be worth your while to work with the logic of color and line, to produce alerts.
Enjoy.
D Indicators - Positional tool*Presenting a perfect setup for Positional and Swing traders.
1) Slow and Fast Bands
# 3 fast and 3 slow, in total of 6 EMA bands are added to the indicator in order
to make accurate decisions and helping find out in which trend the price is.
Enter when price gives a breakout above or below all of the 6 bands.
2) Trend Indicators
# Total of 3 trend indicators are also included:
Trend Indicator 1 ---> It is a SMA(20) and its color changes based upon
Trend Indicator 2 ---> will be plotted at the bottom of the screen. Based upon RSI
Trend Indicator 3 ----> EHMA
Their color will be yellow whenever the market is sideways which will act
as a cautionary sign that in about next phase the price will be rangebound.
Use them as a helping hand, and check whether they show the same trend or not while you enter.
3) Support/Resistance lines
# On charts, this indicator is used to locate levels of support and resistance.
As a function, Targets and SL can be planned.
When a candle closes above the support/resistance line, the lines change
color automatically. It'll turn green.
If the price is below the sup, it will also change color to red.
4) High/Low
# Will mark the high/low of a particular swing so that, one can place the SL over there and enter.
Thank you and regards,
D Indicators
Bitcoin 2-Year MA Multiplier by GodtrixHi guys, I found this tool very useful and accurate, but can't find it on Trading View, so I made one for myself and everyone here ;)
Alert is available too.
Indicator Overview
The 2-Year MA Multiplier is intended to be used as a long term investment tool.
It highlights periods where buying or selling Bitcoin during those times would have produced outsized returns.
To do this, it uses a moving average (MA) line, the 2yr MA, and also a multiplication of that moving average line, 2yr MA x5.
Note: the x5 multiplication is of the price values of the 2yr moving average, not of its time period.
Buying Bitcoin when price drops below the 2yr MA (green line) has historically generated outsized returns. Selling Bitcoin when price goes above the 2yr MA x 5 (red line) has been historically effective for taking profit.
Why This Happens
As Bitcoin is adopted, it moves through market cycles. These are created by periods where market participants are over-excited causing the price to over-extend, and periods where they are overly pessimistic where the price over-contracts. Identifying and understanding these periods can be beneficial to the long term investor.
This tool is a simple and effective way to highlight those periods.
Credit to & Created By
Philip Swift
Date Created
July 2017
BITSTAMP:BTCUSD
Simple way to BEAT the market [STRATEGY]This script has been created to demonstrate the effectiveness of using market regime filters in your trading strategy, and how they can improve your returns and lower your drawdowns
This strategy adds a simple filter (A historical volatility percentile filter, an implementation of which can be found on my trading profile) to a traditional buy and hold strategy of the index SPY.
Note, There are other filters that could also be added including a long-term moving average/percentile rank filter/ADX filter etc, to improve the returns further.
The filter closes our long position during periods of volatility that exceed the 95th percentile (or in the top 5% of volatile days) and buys back when the volatility is below 95% rank of the past 100 days
Have included the backtest results since 1993 which is 28 years of data at the time of writing. Comparison of traditional buy and hold with this modified strategy can be found below:
Traditional buy and hold:
Return per year: 7.95 % (ex Dividends)
Total return: 851.1 %
Max drawdown: 50.79 %
'Modified' buy and hold (this script):
Return per year: 9.92 % (ex Dividends)
Total return: 1412.2 %
Max drawdown: 31.57 %
Feel free to use some of the market filters in my trading profile to improve and refine your strategies further, or make a copy and play around with the code yourself. This is just a simple example for demo purposes.
GBP/JPY Daily time FX Strategy ATR W% BaselineThis is a preety good strategy suited for long term trading.
It has been adapted and optimized in this case for GBP/JPY 1D time frame.
Its made of Kiojun baseline, together with ATR for stop loss and size calculation and Williams % R
For the purpose of this example we simulate that we have a leverage of 100x in order to be able to buy the ammount of lots required for our stop loss to be in same page with the risk % of our capital.
For entry we have for long, ascending R in the last 2 candles and crossover of close with KIOJUN baseline. For short the same but in reverse.
We exit if we reach the TP -100 points in this example, or SL , which is based on ATR of the last x days.
If you have any questions feel free to write me in private !
Long RSIThe RSI is a technical indicator generally used with the general setting being 14 days, and often shorter.
The accepted view is that a level of 70 indicates overbought conditions, and 30 indicates oversold conditions.
A short RSI setting will give signals quite often, and they might sometimes contradict each other.
As a individual investor, perhaps with a background in fundamental analysis, the RSI might be overlooked for other fundamental metrics.
But the idea here is that longer RSI settings can be used for investing.
The problem that arises is how to know when the indicator has reached a level that is either overbought or oversold.
This script solves that by using a specific look back period (selectable, but the standard is 1 year), and plotting the highest/lowest value that the RSI has had for that time period.
The idea is that a buy signal occurs when the indicator is at a 'historic' low, and a sell signal occurs when it at its 'historic' high.
Since you generally want to buy when the indicator is at its low, and has stopped decreasing, the script comes with a function that shows you when yesterdays value reached a historic low, but todays value is higher than yesterday.
This is shown by a color change of the background to green. The same is true, but opposite, for sell signals and then the background turns red.
THIS IS NOT TRADING ADVICE, AND YOU SHOULD ALWAYS DO YOUR OWN RESEARCH
GOOD LUCK AND HAPPY TRADING
TM24_INVESTMENT_TOOLTM24_INVESTMENT_TOOL helps to identify following Things for Intraday Position on 60 Minutes + timeframe along with Buy or sell signal.
1. Market Trend (Different Timeframe)
2. Price Direction
3. Area of Support & Resistance
4. Price Momentum
Terminology Use ==> Black from Bottom for - Buy, Red from Top for - Sale Signal, and Numbers are to show time frame indication there is presence of buyer or seller like 30 for buy signal on 30 minute time frame etc.
Display and Interpretation ==> Buy Sale Signal in Digit with 15-30-60-D-W-M for different time frames.
any value signal ending with * shows breakout of support/ resistance and value signal starting with * shows entry to a momentum zone.
Green Mark with Triangle Up shows trend of that timeframe in positive and value shows upside possible direction on that timeframe vice versa for red signal with down triangle
Use market structure, chart pattern, trend lines for more support..
Time frame ==> Use proper Signal with 60 minute, 120 minute time frame
What to Identify ==> Overall Trend for the Swing
How to Use ==>
See how and order buildup is seen and current order position. Also area for volatility and expected movement in price direction
Note: - Use market structure, chart pattern, trend lines and price action parameter for more confirmation.
Entry ==>
Let’s wait the proper area of support or resistance ( Area of Value in case of trend pattern use)
Exit ==>
SL of swing high/low out of market structure with proper risk management and target with proper Risk/ Reward Ratio
Use the Below Contacts to Access this Indicator
Low volatility Buy w/ TP & SL (Coinrule)The compression of volatility usually leads to expansion. When the breakout comes, it can ignite strong trends. One way to catch a coin trading in an accumulation area is to spot three moving averages with values close to each other. The strategy uses a combination of Moving Averages to spot the best time to buy a coin before its breakout.
Buy Condition
The MA200 is greater than the MA100
The MA50 is greater than the MA100
According to backtesting results, the 1-hour time frame is the best to run this strategy.
Sell Condition
Take Profit: the price increases 8% from the entry price
Stop Loss: the price drops 4% from the entry price
The strategy has a profitability of 40-60% (depending on the market conditions). Having a ratio of two between Take profit and Stop Loss helps keeping the strategy profitable in the long term.
Wilder's Volatility Trailing Stop Strategy with various MA'sFor Educational Purposes. Results can differ on different markets and can fail at any time. Profit is not guaranteed.
This only works in a few markets and in certain situations. Changing the settings can give better or worse results for other markets. This strategy is based on Wilder's Volatility System. It is an ATR trailing stop that is used for long term trends. This strategy focuses on the trailing stop alone and goes long and short only when it goes above or below the trailing line. It is similar to Donchian channels except it does not include the certain period channel breakout, only the trailing signal. This is only the trailing stop and an attempt to show how well it works standalone as Wilder described.
In his book, Wilder recommends a multiplier of 2.8-3.1 and an ATR lookback of 7 periods along with a running moving average or otherwise known as Wilder's moving average. The calculation and programming part for the trailing stop varies everywhere. I opted to keep it as simple and accurate as I could think of and interpret from the book. The variations to these types of indicators are numerous unfortunately, but Wilder seems to be the original author of ATR and this ATR-based trailing stop. In his book he says to use the significant closing price or highest/lowest closing price for the calculation part but I also included the option of choosing the highest high and lowest low, and the option to choose various moving averages in case anyone wants to experiment.
Comparing this and Donchian channels, it seems that a 2.5 multiplier is somewhat similar to the middle band of DCs and a 3.0 multiplier is somewhat similar to a double length middle band of DCs. It's hard to say which is the better trailing stop for a long term strategy. It's hard to beat the simplicity of DCs but maybe some might find a need for more inputs in a trailing stop or maybe an ATR based one like Wilder's can work better depending on what setting or strategy it's used in.
Value investingwhen this indicator goes under value 8 it means it's stock or index at her best value.
condition is stock in strong up trend.
it not provide buy or sell signal or any direction of trend.
if you are looking for investing for long term and your are confusing were to enter it provide best value of stock or index for investing.
use bigger time frame.
recommended time frame is 1 month for best result.
RSI buy opportunityRSI buy opportunity is an indicator to look for the best entries on weekly charts.
It depends on each stock and the values should change to optimize the entry.
Buy when green triangle shows up.
Never buy when red signal appears.
Extended Golden Ratio Fibonacci Multiplier + Pi Cycle TopHere I present the Golden Ratio Multiplier and Pi Cycle Top Indicator originally conceptualized by Philip Swift, and extend it. Due to popular demand for a nicer looking color scheme and added MAs & functionalities, I decided to publish this indicator, of course with free access for everyone as the discovery is attributed to Philip. The indicator works best for BLX (BraveNewCoin Liquid Index for Bitcoin) on daily (D) or weekly (W) timeframe. Other timeframes are not supported (and also generally not needed as this is a rather high timeframe indicator).
Added functionality:
- Additional Fibonacci MAs for Bottom: 0.618*MA(50W) and 0.382*MA(50W), which seem to be distinct high timeframe support MAs
- Pi Cycle Top and all Fibonacci MAs can be plotted or hidden individually
- Correct MA values for daily (D) and weekly (W) timeframes are automatically assigned, so you do not need to change anything when you switch between those timeframes.
It is generally said that Bitcoin's peaks always only reach a lower yearly Fibonacci MA. The next one to eye would be the 3*MA(50W) = 3*MA(350D) here plotted in dark green. Historically when the MA(16W) = MA(111D) (here plotted in magenta) line crossed the 2*MA(50W) = 2*(350D) line (plotted in cyan) from below a cycle peak is reached. This indicator might therefore be a good high timeframe indicator for Bitcoin trading. Of course this is no financial advice.
Bitcoin: Price Action Integral BandsThis indicator tries to display absolute tops and bottoms for Bitcoin. The price action gets integrated with two custom functions resulting in the blue top and red bottom price action integrals. From those integral values we allow 5% deviation in up and down direction, leading to price action integral bands of some non-zero width.
Even in the current liquidity crisis with abnormal price movements, Bitcoin had no weekly candle close below the support band. One thing to note is that in the here presented model, up until now only one single weekly candle touches the blue band in each of Bitcoin's cycles. For longer-term trades it might be a good idea to buy BTC when price is around the red band, and sell/go short when BTC is around the blue band, although this is no financial advice and one should always cross-check with other indicators/informations.
There's the option to plot or hide the bands individually.
The integral bands are specifically designed for the Bitcoin BLX (BraveNewCoin Liquid Index) ticker on weekly timeframe. For other assets, tickers and timeframes the functionality of this indicator cannot be guaranteed and will most probably not deliver meaningful results.
risk indicator (btc)Designed specifically for Bitcoin on the daily chart, this indicator calculates risk, based on average divergence and extension.
Zone transitions are specific areas of interest, for example, where entering green zone below value .17 a low risk period with very good buying opportunities begins.
On the other hand transitions into red zones, for example above .57 indicate high-risk areas with good selling opportunities.
DK-Invest-Multi-Indicator-Background Color Signals-Testing OnlyThis is currently categorized as an "Invite Only" script and is being tested by a small number of users in the community. The goal is to release to the general community in the near future. The script will likely remain protected due to the amount of time invested in its development. This may change at some point in the future!
This script is unique in that it not only combines multiple indicators and multiple resolutions into a single view, but the source data is not derived directly from price. Rather it is built on a weighted point scale utilizing SMA trends and crosses spanning multiple resolutions. This point scale provides a slightly different and more predictive approach than typical indicators that are reacting to price changes.
Can be viewed with reliable buy/sell signals on any resolution from 5s to 480m. It depends only on preference and whether the goals are short-term or long-term trading.
<<< Please make sure to review Trading View's documentation regarding the use of alerts on scripts that span multiple resolutions. A reminder/warning will be generated for each new/updated alert because of this. Note: As TV explains, it's not a bug, it's just the nature of the beast when dealing with indicators that combine multiple resolutions onto a single chart. >>>
I will be adding some images of the backtesting results shortly. The script is showing some extremely good ROIs. Want to get through another round of QA testing prior to releasing results. Stay tuned.
An Alt coin version will also be added soon. BTC is a bit unique in its volume and timing of buy/sell signals, which is why there is a separate script for now.
Thank you for your understanding. Questions please add a comment. Still getting use to checking for comments, so apologies if there is a delay in responding!
DK Investments (just me right now :->)
Reliability[UO]This is an SMA based indicator. It gives a sense of long term behavior of the asset to make a reliable trade setup
How reliable is your asset to trade without gambling? Is there a reliable trend?
Is this price dip an opportunity to buy?
Is this price spike an opportunity to sell? Or would you avoid buying now and rather wait a bit for prices to fall down to a more reasonable level?
You can recognize all of those points on this indicator. The best to do is to look at the prices and patterns on the indicator to learn about those points.
Global Indices Weekly Investment StrategyThis strategy aims to provide the optimal times to buy/sell assets on a long term basis. From my testing it works best on a weekly or monthly time frame. The default values are currently set to work best on Global Indices such as the S&P 500. It is very simple in its core, it uses price historical price action to estimate where in a market cycle the asset is. Then combined with a basic Moving-Average-like baseline and long term trend oscillator to gauge direction, it attempts to find the best time to buy/sell an asset to reduce capital draw-down and maximise future profits.
Returns here are based on an account balance and trade sizes of £100,000 with no compounding. Does not take into account exchange fees - 0% commission.
Please let me know if you have found any optimal settings for a given market using this strategy; such as all commodities. Or if you have any suggestions on how the strategy could be improved in general.
TradewithPuneet: Pro-BreakoutsThe Pro-Breakouts strategy is designed to get into a LONG position when a stock enters an Uptrend after a breakout. This strategy gives you:
• BUY signals : On a breakout, with strong probability of continuing up-moves.
• No SHORT signals are included in this strategy.
Through this strategy, we aim to ride a big chunk of the Uptrend till it reverses.
The strategy uses certain filters to avoid fake breakouts. Once those filter conditions are met, the stock waits for a breakout of key resistance level. Upon the breakout, the stock gives a BUY signal. Finally, when the stock breaks its key support level, it gives an EXIT signal.
The strategy guides you the price level at which to BUY and EXIT. You can also input your acceptable stop loss and profit booking levels, which are then displayed on the chart. The resistance and support lines (which result in trades) are drawn automatically on the chart.
The strategy is for medium to long-term traders . It works only on Daily timeframes and on closing prices. Hence, during the market hours, if a stock breaks out of its key-resistance level, you will see a BUY signal, but if it closes below it, the signal will disappear.
This strategy is only built for stocks, not for indices or any other financial instrument.
PA Researcher L.T Indicator This is PA Researcher L.T(Long-Term) Indicator
Ability to Turn ON/OFF Circles
Ability to change color
Good to check Long-Term Trend
[HLTTM] Hiubris Long-Term Trend MeterThis is a FREE script meant to be used as an auxiliary Indicator to confirm your entries, but it is as good on it's own.
HOW IT WORKS
The indicator consists of 3 different Trend meters, ranked from top to bottom, according to their Trend detection accuracy. The bottom Meter is using 3 different candle lengths in order to enhance it's displayed accuracy.
HOW TO USE
1. When the majority of all three meters turn green, it is a sign the market is heading up.
2. When the majority of all three meters turn red, it is a sign the market is going down.
- The indicator also has the ability to setup Alerts when all three meters turn green or red. This feature is also signaled by the red or green vertical lines.
- It has 2 Trend Length Settings, that you can adjust depending on your trading style
NOTES
We used the best combination of indicators so you can be sure that, no matter what ticker you're trading (Forex, Stocks or Crypto) - when you get a full green, or full red meter, the price is 100% trending in that direction!
- This indicator does NOT Repaint! In fact, none of my published indicators repaint!
