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Candlestick analysis

[blackcat] L1 Old Duck HeadLevel 1 Background The old duck head is a classic form formed by a series of behaviors such as bankers opening positions, washing dishes, and pulling over the top of the duck head. Function A form of stock candles: (1) Moving averages using 5, 10 and 60 parameters. When the 5-day and 10-day moving averages crossed the 60-day moving average, a duck neck was formed. (2) The high point when the stock price fell back formed a duck head. (3) When the stock price fell back soon, the 5-day and 10-day moving averages again turned up to form a duckbill. (4) Duck nose refers to the hole formed when the 5-day moving average crosses the 10-day moving average and the two lines cross again. Market significance: (1) When the dealer starts to collect chips, the stock price rises slowly, and the 5-day and 10-day moving averages cross the 60-day moving average, forming a duck neck. (2) When the stock price of the banker shakes the position and starts to pull back, the high point of the stock price forms the top of the duck's head. (3) When the dealer builds a position again to collect chips, the stock price rises again, forming a duck bill. Operation method: (1) Buy when the 5-day and 10-day moving averages cross the 60-day moving average and form a duck neck. (2) Buy on dips near the sesame point of trading volume near the duckbill. (3) Intervene when the stock price crosses the top of the duck's head in heavy volume. The top of the duck’s head should be a little far away from the 60-day moving average, otherwise it means that the dealer is not willing to open a position at this old duck’s head, and the bottom of the old duck’s head must be heavy. Small is better, nothing is the strongest! There must be a lot of sesame dots under the nostrils of the duck, otherwise it means that the dealer has poor control. There must be ventilation under the duck bill, the higher the ventilation, the better! Remarks Feedbacks are appreciated.
Pine Script™ indicator
by blackcat1402
2
[blackcat] L1 Buy After RetracementLevel 1 Background A summary of Buy After Retracement Entry Points. Function The "retraction to the moving average buying method", as the name suggests, is a buying reference for short-term adjustment and retracement to the key moving average after a single stock rises. For example, after the index has undergone a sharp correction, many strong stock varieties have retreated or are about to retreat to the key moving average position, and the buying point generated at this time is the "retraction to moving average buying method". Because candlesticks and moving averages have different styles, I summarize what I think of through this script. Remarks Feedbacks are appreciated.
Pine Script™ indicator
by blackcat1402
8
Close CandlesClosing candle takes any input and turs it into a candle stick chart. You can go from a regular candle chart by setting the length to 1, to heikin ashi by setting the length to 4. One of the features of this scripts is the ability to reuse the function. This function is a great addition to most scripts as it makes it really easy to give your script a candle view. As always I hope that you find this release useful. If you find any bugs please let me know. The same goes with any features you might want to request. This includes requesting custom indicators. Enjoy!
Pine Script™ indicator
by The_Peaceful_Lizard
1
Rolling HTF Liquidity Levels [CHE]█ OVERVIEW This indicator displays a Rolling HTF Liquidity Levels . Contrary to HTF Liquidity Levels indicators which use a fix time segment, Rolling HTF Liquidity Levels calculates using a moving window defined by a time period (not a simple number of bars), so it shows better results. This indicator is inspired by The indicator introduces a new representation of the previous rolling time frame highs & lows (DWM HL) with a focus on untapped levels. █ CONCEPTS Untapped Levels It is popularly known that the liquidity is located behind swing points or beyond higher time frames highs/lows. Rolling HTF Liquidity Levels uses a moving window, it does not exhibit the static of the HTF Liquidity Levels plots. █  HOW TO USE IT Load the indicator on an active chart (see the Help Center if you don't know how). Time period By default, the script uses an auto-stepping mechanism to adjust the time period of its moving window to the chart's timeframe. The following table shows chart timeframes and the corresponding time period used by the script. When the chart's timeframe is less than or equal to the timeframe in the first column, the second column's time period is used to calculate the Rolling HTF Liquidity Levels: Chart Time timeframe period 1min 🠆 1H 5min 🠆 4H 1H 🠆 1D 4H 🠆 3D 12H 🠆 1W 1D 🠆 1M 1W 🠆 ​3M By default, the time period currently used is displayed in the lower-right corner of the chart. The script's inputs allow you to hide the display or change its size and location. This indicator should make trading easier and improve analysis. Nothing is worse than indicators that give confusingly different signals. I hope you enjoy my new ideas best regards Chervolino
Pine Script™ indicator
by chervolino
7
Top 40 constituents of S&P 500 IndexDisplays real-time candles of top 40 constituents of S&P 500 Index ( TVC:SPX ) for a given time frame, side-by-side. This gives an overall idea of breadth and depth of market movements in the time-frame. Please note that, this is not a standard chart rendered bar-wise and may take time to load as it requests multiple securities. You could modify the contents, from settings, to include stocks from your portfolio or indices of different sectors.
Pine Script™ indicator
by iravan
2
[blackcat] L1 Buy BackLevel 1 Background This indicator models the situation before big money or whales lurking, buying chips, and about to pull up. Function When is the time to buy, even if you know that whales are accumulating, but how long it needs to be lurking, and when it will rise is unknown. This indicator has been conditionally modeled through statistical high probability events, and the main judgment is that it is the key to step back before rising The bit, once the signal appears, will be pulled up. This includes: using a moving average of custom parameters (the parameters of this key moving average need to be found through backtesting for different markets and trading varieties) as the basis for the main characterization of large-capacity trading behavior. Then build a model through the volume-price relationship: 1. There is a feature that the lowest price is lower than the moving average after the downward pressure of large funds. 2. The closing price must effectively stand above the moving average. 3. The ratio of closing prices for two consecutive days is less than the moving average value. 4. The moving average is just above the heavy volume, and the volume ratio meets certain requirements, indicating that it is a feature of heavy volume. (Amplified volume is an important manifestation of banker fund action) Remarks Feedbacks are appreciated.
Pine Script™ indicator
by blackcat1402
Traders Reality MainThis indicator serves as the Tradingview equivalent of an MT4 indicator suite. It differentiates from existing TV indicators in its style and total feature set (most notably PVSRA and PVSRA Override) It was originally designed for forex markets, and it will work for crypto as well, but it has not been tested on stocks. List of features: PVSRA Candles Market boxes (NY/JP/ HK /UK/ FR and Brinks Boxes) 5/13/50/200/800 EMAs (cloud for 50EMA) Pivot points (S/M/R 1,2,3; PP ) Yesterday and Last Week price range Average Daily Range (Weekly and Monthly as well) Daily Open PVSRA Override Psychological High/Low Vector Candle Zones All of these are configurable in the indicator settings. Usage instructions: PVSRA Candle colors meaning: Green (bull) and red (bear): Candles with volume >= 200% of the average volume of the 10 previous chart candles, and candles where the product of candle spread x candle volume is >= the highest for the 10 previous chart time candles. Blue (bull) and blue-violet (bear): Candles with volume >= 150% of the average volume of the 10 previous chart candles PVSRA Override In order to get reliable bar coloring, we need accurate data. If you're on a chart with low volume on some obscure exchange, you may want to use another exchanges datafeed for the symbol you are on to calculate the PVSRA bar colors with. This lets you do exactly that. By default it's off, but you can turn it on and use INDEX:BTCUSD, or really any other chart you want. You can combine charts too, e.g. use BINANCE:BTCUSDT+COINBASE:BTCUSD. PVSRA Alerts Alerts can be made for PVSRA "vector"/"climax" candles: 1. Create Alert (Clock with + sign) 2. Set Condition: "Traders Reality", 3. Select "Alert on Vector Candle", 4. Set it to Once per Bar, 5. choose your notification options. Market boxes The market boxes times are configurable and will change depending on the exchange timezone. I recommend to pick your main exchange/chart and adjust the times so that they are correct. Technically you will need to shift the time from the exchanges' timezone to GMT . Default values should be good for UTC based exchanges in current US+UK summer time. Psychological High/Low Configurable for Crypto or Forex - draws the perceived Psychological High/Low ranges for the week. Can display historical values too. Vector Candle Zones displays unrecovered liquidity left behind on unrecovered vectors. Configurable to take into account candle bodies or candles and wicks. Recommended additional Tradingview indicator(s): - TDI - Goldminds, Edited for Market Makers Method by Jakub Donovan Footnotes The code was originally by plasmapug, continued development (with permission) is now done by infernix and peshocore and xtech5192 in collaboration with TradersReality. If you have suggestions or questions, you can message me or leave a comment.
Pine Script™ indicator
by TradersReality
26
Breakout Candles + RSIHello! This is my firt script :) This indicator looks for candles that are significantly larger than the previous X candle. It is possible to set the following: Multiplier: deviation from the size of the previous X candle (if set to 3 the size of the actual candle's body /abs(open - close)/ must be larger than the size of the bigger candle from the prevous X candles) Previous candles: the number of previous candles to size check Upper RSI limit: if the RSI14 close higher than the specified number, the candle will ignore Lower RSI limit: if the RSI14 close lower than the specified number, the candle will ignore Without dojis: if checked, watches candles only that do not have a bottom spike (bullish) or top spike (bearish). Useful for Heikin-Ashi candles Feel free to left any suggestion! Thank You!
Pine Script™ indicator
by mildZebra14333
Hammer & Shooting Star [C] - KaspricciHammer and Shooting Star This indicator identifies Hammer and Shooting Star candles and marks them with a respective label. It uses a set of predefined fibonacci levels to measure the size of the body in comparison to the overall size of the candle. You can change the fibonacci level according to your preferences. You can enable a confirmation of the Hammer or Shooting Star candle by a following green or red candle. Settings Fibonacci Level - Select on of the predefined fibonacci levels as a threshold for the maximum size of the body compared to the overall size of the candle. Confirm by next candle - by default turned off. If turned on, this will check the subsequent candle and only mark a Hammer followed by a green candle or a Shooting Star followed by a red candle. Show labels on chart - by default turned on. If turned off, the indicator will hide the labels on the chart. Alerts You can create alerts for Hammer and Shooting Star candles. The indicator provides the respective conditions. Linking with Backtesting Strategy I also added a feature to combine this indicator with a backtesting strategy. It provides a plot Connector which can be selected in a backtesting strategy supporting this linking feature. Signals: Signal: 2 - Hammer candle (long entry) Signal: -2 - Shooting Start candle (short entry) You can see the signal values in the status line of the indicator. This is based on the External Signal Protocol defined by PineCoders .
Pine Script™ indicator
by Best-Algo-Trader
4
Line Break Heikin AshiThis script takes two candle styles and combines then into one. By only using the closing price to inform the heikin ashi candles you get a lovely line break style heiken ashi candle. The advantage to this if you are into this kind of thing is that it makes for a smoother experience. You still get wicks just because of the nature of heikin ashi but they are dramatically reduced. This is defiantly an experimental indicator as its just a different way to look at the chart. I hope some one can find use in this outside of a work around pine script limitations. I had to create this for my sentiment tracker section of my qqe bb screener because it uses so many symbols that I cant get the open, high, or low for each. If you find any bugs please report them, or if you have any feedback please leave it. Enjoy!
Pine Script™ indicator
by The_Peaceful_Lizard
Signs of the Times [LucF]█  OVERVIEW This oscillator calculates the directional strength of bars using a primitive weighing mechanism based on a small number of what I consider to be fundamental properties of a bar. It does not consider the amplitude of price movements, so can be used as a complement to momentum-based oscillators. It thus belongs to the same family of indicators as my Bar Balance , ​Volume Ticks , Efficient work , ​Volume Buoyancy or my Delta ​Volume indicators. █  CONCEPTS The calculations underlying Signs of the Times (SOTT) use a simple, oft-explored concept: measure bar attributes, assign a weight to them, and aggregate results to provide an evaluation of a bar's directional strength. Bull and bear weights are added independently, then subtracted and divided by the maximum possible weight, so the final calculation looks like this: (up - ​dn) / weightRange SOTT has a zero centerline and oscillates between +1 and -1. Ten elementary properties are evaluated. Most carry a weight of one, a few are doubly weighted. All properties are evaluated using only the current bar's values or by comparing its values to those of the preceding bar. The bull conditions follow; their inverse applies to bear conditions:  Weight of 1  • Bar's close is greater than the bar's open (bar is considered to be of "up" polarity)  • Rising open  • Rising high  • Rising low  • Rising close  • Bar is up and its body size is greater than that of the previous bar  • Bar is up and its body size is greater than the combined size of wicks  Weight of 2  • Gap to the upside  • Efficient Work when it is positive  • Bar is up and ​volume is greater than that of the previous bar (this only kicks in if ​volume is actually available on the chart's data feed) Except for the Efficient Work weight, which is a +1 to -1 float value multiplied by 2, all weights are discrete; either zero or the full weight of 1 or 2 is generated. This will cause any gap, for example, to generate a weight of +2 or -2, regardless of the gap's size. That is the reason why the oscillator is oblivious to the amplitude of price movements. You can see the code used to calculate SOTT in my ta library 's `sott()` function. █  HOW TO USE THE INDICATOR No videos explain this indicator and none are planned; reading this description or the script's code is the only way to understand what Signs of the Times does. Load the indicator on an active chart (see here if you don't know how). The default configuration displays:  • An Arnaud-Legoux moving average of length 20 of the instant SOTT value. This is the signal line.  • A fill between the MA and the centerline.  • Levels at arbitrary values of +0.3 and -0.3.  • A channel between the signal line and its MA (a simple MA of length 20), which can be one of four colors:   • Bull (green): The signal line is above its MA.   • Strong bull (lime): The bull condition is fulfilled and the signal line is above the centerline.   • Bear (red): The signal line is below its MA.   • Strong bear (pink): The bear condition is fulfilled and the signal line is below the centerline. The script's "Inputs" tab allows you to:  • Choose a higher timeframe to calculate the indicator's values. This can be useful to get a wider perspective of the indicator's values.   If you elect to use a higher timeframe, make sure that your chart's timeframe is always lower than the higher timeframe you specified,   as calculating on a timeframe lower than the chart's does not make much sense because the indicator is then displaying only the value of the last intrabar in the chart bar.  • Specify the type of MA used to produce the signal line. Use a length of 1 or the Data Window to see the instant value of SOTT. It is quite noisy, thus the need to average it.  • Specify the type of MA applied to the signal line. The idea here is to provide context to the signal.  • Control the display and colors of the lines and fills. The first pane of this publication's chart shows the default setup. The second one shows only a monochrome signal line. Using the "Style" tab of the indicator's settings, you can change the type and width of the lines, and the level values. █  INTERPRETATION Remember that Signs of the Times evaluates directional bar strength — not price movement. Its highs and lows do not reflect price, but the strength of chart bars. The fact that SOTT knows nothing of how far price moves or of trends is easy to forget. As such, I think SOTT is best used as a confirmation tool. Chart movements may appear to be easy to read when looking at historical bars, but when you have to make go-no-go decisions on the last bar, the landscape often becomes murkier. By providing a quantitative evaluation of the strength of the last few bars, which is not always easily discernible by simply looking at them, SOTT aims to help you decide if the short-term past favors the bets you are considering. Can SOTT predict the future? Of course not. While SOTT uses completely different calculations than classical momentum oscillators, its profile shares many of their characteristics. This could lead one to infer that directional bar strength correlates with price movement, which could in turn lead one to conclude that indicators such as this one are useless, or that they can be useful tools to confirm momentum oscillators or other models of price movement. The call is, of course, up to you. You can try, for example, to compare a Wilder MA of SOTT to an RSI of the same length. One key difference with momentum oscillators is that SOTT is much less sensitive to large price movements. The default Arnaud-Legoux MA used for the signal line makes it quite active; you can use a more quiet SMA or EMA if you prefer to tone it down. In systems where it can be useful to only enter or exit on short-term strength, an average of SOTT values over the last 3 to 5 bars can be used as a more quiet filter than a momentum oscillator would. █  NOTES My publications often go through a long gestation period where I use them on my charts or in systems before deciding if they are worth a publication. With an incubation period of more than three years, Signs of the Times holds the record. The properties SOTT currently evaluates result from the systematic elimination of contaminants over that lengthy period of time. It was long because of my usual, slow gear, but also because I had to try countless combinations of conditions before realizing that, contrary to my intuition, best results were achieved by:  • Keeping the number of evaluated properties to the absolute minimum.  • Limiting the evaluation's ​scope to the current and preceding bar.  • Choosing properties that, in my view, were unmistakably indicative of ​bullish/​bearish conditions. Repainting As most oscillators, the indicator provides live realtime values that will recalculate with chart updates. It will thus repaint in real time, but not on historical values. To learn more about repainting, see the Pine Script™ User Manual's page on the subject .
Pine Script™ indicator
by LucF
29
Automatic Closest FVG with BPRFair Value Gaps are a hugely popular concept and because of that there are numerous indicators available. This one however, was designed to automate the process of actually using them in trading. Designed with lower time frame entries in mind (though will work on HTF just as well), this indicator automatically draws the closest, non-mitigated FVG, to the current price, cutting out the work of looking for what FVG is relevant. The indicator also has an option to show when the current nearest pair of FVGs form a BPR or 'balanced price range'. There are various option for what counts as mitigation, including no mitigation at all, and when mitigated an FVG is no longer considered for proximity searching.
Pine Script™ indicator
by Texmoonbeam
30
Physics CandlesPhysics Candles embed volume and motion physics directly onto price candles or market internals according to the cyclic pattern of financial securities. The indicator works on both real-time “ticks” and historical data using statistical modeling to highlight when these values, like volume or momentum, is unusual or relatively high for some periodic window in time. Each candle is made out of one or more sub-candles that each contain their own information of motion, which converts to the color and transparency, or brightness, of that particular candle segment. The segments extend throughout the entire candle, both body and wicks, and Thick Wicks can be implemented to see the color coding better. This candle segmentation allows you to see if all the volume or energy is evenly distributed throughout the candle or highly contained in one small portion of it, and how intense these values are compared to similar time periods without going to lower time frames. Candle segmentation can also change a trader’s perspective on how valuable the information is. A “low” volume candle, for instance, could signify high value short-term stopping volume if the volume is all concentrated in one segment. The Candles are flexible. The physics information embedded on the candles need not be from the same price security or market internal as the chart when using the Physics Source option, and multiple Candles can be overlayed together. You could embed stock price Candles with market volume, market price Candles with stock momentum, market structure with internal acceleration, stock price with stock force, etc. My particular use case is scalping the SPX futures market (ES), whose price action is also dictated by the volume action in the associated cash market, or SPY, as well as a host of other securities. Physics allows you to embed the ES volume on the SPY price action, or the SPY volume on the ES price action, or you can combine them both by overlaying two Candle streams and increasing the Number of Overlays option to two. That option decreases the transparency levels of your coloring scheme so that overlaying multiple Candles converges toward the same visual color intensity as if you had one. The Candle and Physics Sources allows for both Symbols and Spreads to visualize Candle physics from a single ticker or some mathematical transformation of tickers. Due to certain TradingView programming restrictions, each Candle can only be made out of a maximum of 8 candle segments, or an “8-bit” resolution. Since limits are just an opportunity to go beyond, the user has the option to stack multiple Candle indicators together to further increase the candle resolution. If you don’t want to see the Candles for some particular period of the day, you can hide them, or use the hiding feature to have multiple Candles calibrated to show multiple parts of the trading day. Securities tend to have low volume after hours with sharp spikes at the open or close. Multiple Candles can be used for multiple parts of the trading day to accommodate these different cycles in volume. The Candles do not need be associated with the nominal security listed on the TV chart. The Candle Source allows the user to look at AAPL Candles, for instance, while on a TSLA or SPY chart, each with their respective volume actions integrated into the candles, for instance, to allow the user to see multiple security price and volume correlation on a single chart. The physics information currently embeddable on Candles are volume or time, velocity, momentum, acceleration, force, and kinetic energy. In order to apply equations of motion containing a mass variable to financial securities, some analogous value for mass must be assumed. Traders often regard volume or time as inextricable variables to a securities price that can indicate the direction and strength of a move. Since mass is the inextricable variable to calculating the momentum, force, or kinetic energy of motion, the user has the option to assume either time or volume is analogous to mass. Volume may be a better option for mass as it is not strictly dependent on the speed of a security, whereas time is. Data transformations and outlier statistics are used to color code the intensity of the physics for each candle segment relative to past periodic behavior. A million shares during pre-market or a million shares during noontime may be more intense signals than a typical million shares traded at the open, and should have more intense color signals. To account for a specific cyclic behavior in the market, the user can specify the Window and Cycle Time Frames. The Window Time Frame splits up a Cycle into windows, samples and aggregates the statistics for each window, then compares the current physics values against past values in the same window. Intraday traders may benefit from using a Daily Cycle with a 30-minute Window Time Frame and 1-minute Sample Time Frame. These settings sample and compare the physics of 1-minute candles within the current 30-minute window to the same 30-minute window statistics for all past trading days, up until the data limit imposed by TradingView, or until the Data Collection Start Date specified in the settings. Longer-term traders may benefit from using a Monthly Cycle with a Weekly Time Frame, or a Yearly Cycle with a Quarterly Time Frame. Multiple statistics and data transformation methods are available to convey relative intensity in different ways for different trading signals. Physics Candles allows for both Normal and Log-Normal assumptions in the physics distribution. The data can then be transformed by Linear, Logarithmic, Z-Score, or Power-Law scoring, where scoring simply assigns an intensity to the relative physics value of each candle segment based on some mathematical transformation. Z-scoring often renders adequate detection by scoring the segment value, such as volume or momentum, according to the mean and standard deviation of the data set in each window of the cycle. Logarithmic or power-law transformation with a gamma below 1 decreases the disparity between intensities so more less-important signals will show up, whereas the power-law transformation with gamma values above 1 increases the disparity between intensities, so less more-important signals will show up. These scores are then converted to color and transparency between the Min Score and the Max Score Cutoffs. The Auto-Normalization feature can automatically pick these cutoffs specific to each window based on the mean and standard deviation of the data set, or the user can manually set them. Physics was developed with novices in mind so that most users could calibrate their own settings by plotting the candle segment distributions directly on the chart and fiddling with the settings to see how different cutoffs capture different portions of the distribution and affect the relative color intensities differently. Security distributions are often skewed with fat-tails, known as kurtosis, where high-volume segments for example, have a higher-probabilities than expected for a normal distribution. These distribution are really log-normal, so that taking the logarithm leads to a standard bell-shaped distribution. Taking the Z-score of the Log-Normal distribution could make the most statistical sense, but color sensitivity is a discretionary preference. Background Philosophy This indicator was developed to study and trade the physics of motion in financial securities from a visually intuitive perspective. Newton’s laws of motion are loosely applied to financial motion: “A body remains at rest, or in motion at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by a force”. Financial securities remain at rest, or in motion at constant speed up or down, unless acted upon by the force of traders exchanging securities. “When a body is acted upon by a force, the time rate of change of its momentum equals the force”. Momentum is the product of mass and velocity, and force is the product of mass and acceleration. Traders render force on the security through the mass of their trading activity and the acceleration of price movement. “If two bodies exert forces on each other, these forces have the same magnitude but opposite directions.” Force arises from the interaction of traders, buyers and sellers. One body of motion, traders’ capitalization, exerts an equal and opposite force on another body of motion, the financial security. A securities movement arises at the expense of a buyer or seller’s capitalization. Volume The premise of this indicator assumes that volume, v, is an analogous means of measuring physical mass, m. This premise allows the application of the equations of motion to the movement of financial securities. We know from E=mc^2 that mass has energy. Energy can be used to create motion as kinetic energy. Taking a simple hypothetical example, the interaction of one short seller looking to cover lower and one buyer looking to sell higher exchange shares in a security at an agreed upon price to create volume or mass, and therefore, potential energy. Eventually the short seller will actively cover and buy the security from the previous buyer, moving the security higher, or the buyer will actively sell to the short seller, moving the security lower. The potential energy inherent in the initial consolidation or trading activity between buy and seller is now converted to kinetic energy on the subsequent trading activity that moves the securities price. The more potential energy that is created in the consolidation, the more kinetic energy there is to move price. This is why point and figure traders are said to give price targets based on the level of volatility or size of a consolidation range, or why Gann traders square price and time, as time is roughly proportional to mass and trading activity. The build-up of potential energy between short sellers and buyers in GME or TSLA led to their explosive moves beyond their standard fundamental valuations. Position Position, p, is simply the price or value of a financial security or market internal. Time Time, t, is another means of measuring mass to discover price behavior beyond the time snapshots that simple candle charts provide. We know from E=mc^2 that time is related to rest mass and energy given the speed of light, c, where time ≈ distance * sqrt(mass/E). This relation can also be derived from F=ma. The more mass there is, the longer it takes to compute the physics of a system. The more energy there is, the shorter it takes to compute the physics of a system. Similarly, more time is required to build a “resting” low-volatility trading consolidation with more mass. More energy added to that trading consolidation by competing buyers and sellers decreases the time it takes to build that same mass. Time is also related to price through velocity. Velocity = (p(t1) – p(t0)) / p(t0) Velocity, v, is the relative percent change of a securities price, p, over a period of time, t0 to t1. The period of time is between subsequent candles, and since time is constant between candles within the same timeframe, it is not used to calculate velocity or acceleration. Price moves faster with higher velocity, and slower with slower velocity, over the same fixed period of time. The product of velocity and mass gives momentum. Momentum = mv This indicator uses physics definition of momentum, not finance’s. In finance, momentum is defined as the amount of change in a securities price, either relative or absolute. This is definition is unfortunate, pun intended, since a one dollar move in a security from a thousand shares traded between a few traders has the exact same “momentum” as a one dollar move from millions of shares traded between hundreds of traders with everything else equal. If momentum is related to the energy of the move, momentum should consider both the level of activity in a price move, and the amount of that price move. If we equate mass to volume to account for the level of trading activity and use physics definition of momentum as the product of mass and velocity, this revised definition now gives a thousand-times more momentum to a one-dollar price move that has a thousand-times more volume behind it. If you want to use finance’s volume-less definition of momentum, use velocity in this indicator. Acceleration = v(t1) – v(t0) Acceleration, a, is the difference between velocities over some period of time, t0 to t1. Positive acceleration is necessary to increase a securities speed in the positive direction, while negative acceleration is necessary to decrease it. Acceleration is related to force by mass. Force = ma Force is required to change the speed of a securities valuation. Price movements with considerable force have considerably more impact on future direction. A change in direction requires force. Kinetic Energy = 0.5mv^2 Kinetic energy is the energy that a financial security gains from the change in its velocity by force. The built-up of potential energy in trading consolidations can be converted to kinetic energy on a breakout from the consolidation. Cycle Theory and Relativity Just as the physics of motion is relative to a point of reference, so too should the physics of financial securities be relative to a point of reference. An object moving at a 100 mph towards another object moving in the same direction at 100 mph will not appear to be moving relative to each other, nor will they collide, but from an outsider observer, the objects are going 100 mph and will collide with significant impact if they run into a stationary object relative to the observer. Similarly, trading with a hundred thousand shares at the open when the average volume is a couple million may have a much smaller impact on the price compared to trading a hundred thousand shares pre-market when the average volume is ten thousand shares. The point of reference used in this indicator is the average statistics collected for a given Window Time Frame for every Cycle Time Frame. The physics values are normalized relative to these statistics. Examples The main chart of this publication shows the Force Candles for the SPY. An intense force candle is observed pre-market that implicates the directional overtone of the day. The assumption that direction should follow force arises from physical observation. If a large object is accelerating intensely in a particular direction, it may be fair to assume that the object continues its direction for the time being unless acted upon by another force. The second example shows a similar Force Candle for the SPY that counters the assumption made in the first example and emphasizes the importance of both motion and context. While it’s fair to assume that a heavy highly accelerating object should continue its course, if that object runs into an obstacle, say a brick wall, it’s course may deviate. This example shows SPY running into the 50% retracement wall from the low of Mar 2020, a significant support level noted in literature. The example also conveys Gann’s idea of “lost motion”, where the SPY penetrated the 50% price but did not break through it. A brick wall is not one atom thick and price support is not one tick thick. An object can penetrate only one layer of a wall and not go through it. The third example shows how Volume Candles can be used to identify scalping opportunities on the SPY and conveys why price behavior is as important as motion and context. It doesn’t take a brick wall to impede direction if you know that the person driving the car tends to forget to feed the cats before they leave. In the chart below, the SPY breaks down to a confluence of the 5-day SMA, 20-day SMA, and an important daily trendline (not shown) after the bullish bounce from the 50% retracement days earlier. High volume candles on the SMA signify stopping volume that reverse price direction. The character of the day changes. Bulls become more aggressive than bears with higher volume on upswings and resistance, whiles bears take on a defensive position with lower volume on downswings and support. High volume stopping candles are seen after rallies, and can tell you when to take profit, get out of a position, or go short. The character change can indicate that its relatively safe to re-enter bullish positions on many major supports, especially given the overarching bullish theme from the large reaction off the 50% retracement level. The last example emphasizes the importance of relativity. The Volume Candles in the chart below are brightest pre-market even though the open has much higher volume since the pre-market activity is much higher compared to past pre-markets than the open is compared to past opens. Pre-market behavior is a good indicator for the character of the day. These bullish Volume Candles are some of the brightest seen since the bounce off the 50% retracement and indicates that bulls are making a relatively greater attempt to bring the SPY higher at the start of the day. Infrequently Asked Questions Where do I start? The default settings are what I use to scalp the SPY throughout most of the extended trading day, on a one-minute chart using SPY volume. I also overlay another Candle set containing ES future volume on the SPY price structure by setting the Physics Source to ES1! and the Number of Overlays setting to 2 for each Candle stream in order to account for pre- and post-market trading activity better. Since the closing volume is exponential-like up until the end of the regular trading day, adding additional Candle streams with a tighter Window Time Frame (e.g., 2-5 minute) in the last 15 minutes of trading can be beneficial. The Hide feature can allow you to set certain intraday timeframes to hide one Candle set in order to show another Candle set during that time. How crazy can you get with this indicator? I hope you can answer this question better. One interesting use case is embedding the velocity of market volume onto an internal market structure. The PCTABOVEVWAP.US is a market statistic that indicates the percent of securities above their VWAP among US stocks and is helpful for determining short term trends in the US market. When securities are rising above their VWAP, the average long is up on the day and a rising PCTABOVEVWAP.US can be viewed as more bullish. When securities are falling below their VWAP, the average short is up on the day and a falling PCTABOVEVWAP.US can be viewed as more bearish. (UPVOL.US - DNVOL.US) / TVOL.US is a “spread” symbol, in TV parlance, that indicates the decimal percent difference between advancing volume and declining volume in the US market, showing the relative flow of volume between stocks that are up on the day, and stocks that are down on the day. Setting PCTABOVEVWAP.US in the Candle Source, (UPVOL.US - DNVOL.US) / TVOL.US in the Physics Source, and selecting the Physics to Velocity will embed the relative velocity of the spread symbol onto the PCTABOVEVWAP.US candles. This can be helpful in seeing short term trends in the US market that have an increasing amount of volume behind them compared to other trends. The chart below shows Volume Candles (top) and these Spread Candles (bottom). The first top at 9:30 and second top at 10:30, the high of the day, break down when the spread candles light up, showing a high velocity volume transfer from up stocks to down stocks. How do I plot the indicator distribution and why should I even care? The distribution is visually helpful in seeing how different normalization settings effect the distribution of candle segments. It is also helpful in seeing what physics intensities you want to ignore or show by segmenting part of the distribution within the Min and Max Cutoff values. The intensity of color is proportional to the physics value between the Min and Max Cutoff values, which correspond to the Min and Max Colors in your color scheme. Any physics value outside these Min and Max Cutoffs will be the same as the Min and Max Colors. Select the Print Windows feature to show the window numbers according to the Cycle Time Frame and Window Time Frame settings. The window numbers are labeled at the start of each window and are candle width in size, so you may need to zoom into to see them. Selecting the Plot Window feature and input the window number of interest to shows the distribution of physics values for that particular window along with some statistics. A log-normal volume distribution of segmented z-scores is shown below for 30-minute opening of the SPY. The Min and Max Cutoff at the top of the graph contain the part of the distribution whose intensities will be linearly color-coded between the Min and Max Colors of the color scheme. The part of the distribution below the Min Cutoff will be treated as lowest quality signals and set to the Min Color, while the few segments above the Max Cutoff will be treated as the highest quality signals and set to the Max Color. What do I do if I don’t see anything? Troubleshooting issues with this indicator can involve checking for error messages shown near the indicator name on the chart or using the Data Validation section to evaluate the statistics and normalization cutoffs. For example, if the Plot Window number is set to a window number that doesn’t exist, an error message will tell you and you won’t see any candles. You can use the Print Windows option to show windows that do exist for you current settings. The auto-normalization cutoff values may be inappropriate for your particular use case and literally cut the candles out of the chart. Try changing the chart time frame to see if they are appropriate for your cycle, sample and window time frames. If you get a “Timeframe passed to the request.security_lower_tf() function must be lower than the timeframe of the main chart” error, this means that the chart timeframe should be increased above the sample time frame. If you get a “Symbol resolve error”, ensure that you have correct symbol or spread in the Candle or Physics Source. How do I see a relative physics values without cycles? Set the Window Time Frame to be equal to the Cycle Time Frame. This will aggregate all the statistics into one bucket and show the physics values, such as volume, relative to all the past volumes that TV will allow. How do I see candles without segmentation? Segmentation can be very helpful in one context or annoying in another. Segmentation can be removed by setting the candle resolution value to 1. Notes I have yet to find a trading platform that consistently provides accurate real-time volume and pricing information, lacking adequate end-user data validation or quality control. I can provide plenty of examples of real-time volume counts or prices provided by TradingView and other platforms that were significantly off from what they should have been when comparing against the exchanges own data, and later retroactively corrected or not corrected at all. Since no indicator can work accurately with inaccurate data, please use at your own discretion. The first version is a beta version. Debugging and validating code in Pine script is difficult without proper unit testing. Please report any bugs with enough information to reproduce them and indicate why they are important. I also encourage you to export the data from TradingView and verify the calculations for your particular use case. The indicator works on real-time updates that occur at a higher frequency than the candle time frame, which TV incorrectly refers to as ticks. They use this terminology inaccurately as updates are really aggregated tick data that can take place at different prices and may not accurately reflect the real tick price action. Consequently, this inaccuracy also impacts the real-time segmentation accuracy to some degree. TV does not provide a means of retaining “tick” information, so the higher granularity of information seen real-time will be lost on a disconnect. TV does not provide time and sales information. The volume and price information collected using the Sample Time Frame is intraday, which provides only part of the picture. Intraday volume is generally 50 to 80% of the end of day volume. Consequently, the daily+ OHLC prices are intraday, and may differ significantly from exchanged settled OHLC prices. The Cycle and Window Time Frames refer to calendar days and time, not trading days or time. For example, the first window week of a monthly cycle is the first seven days of the month, not the first Monday through Friday of trading for the month. Chart Time Frames that are higher than the Window Time Frames average the normalized physics for price action that occurred within a given Candle segment. It does not average price action that did not occur. One of the main performance bottleneck in TradingView’s Pine Script is client-side drawing and plotting. The performance of this indicator can be increased by lowering the resolution (the number of sub-candles this indicator plots), getting a faster computer, or increasing the performance of your computer like plugging your laptop in and eliminating unnecessary processes. The statistical integrity of this indicator relies on the number of samples collected per sample window in a given cycle. Higher sample counts can be obtained by increasing the chart time frame or upgrading the TradingView plan for a higher bar count. While increasing the chart time frame doesn’t increase the visual number of bars plotted on the chart, it does increase the number of bars that can be pulled at a lower time frame, up to 100,000. Due to a limitation in Pine Scripts request_lower_tf() function, using a spread symbol will only work for regular trading hours, not extended trading hours. Ideally, velocity or momentum should be calculated between candle closes. To eliminate the need to deal with price gaps that would lead to an incorrect statistical distributions, momentum is calculated between candle open and closes as a percent change of the price or value, which should not be an issue for most liquid securities.
Pine Script™ indicator
by Techotomy
31
Abnormal bar % v.1This script helps you find abnormal bars on the charts. An abnormal bar is a bar that is larger than the adjacent bar by at least 50 percent. The script can search for bars on any time frame. The search for an abnormal bar, is possible in two ways: - on the absolute value, for example - all that is higher than 0.5% is considered an abnormal bar, on different timeframes it is necessary to change the percentage values; - on the basis of the ATR, in my opinion it is a more objective result. In the settings available: - choice of color to display percentages on the screen; - choice of calculation method; - Selecting the value - what is considered an abnormal bar. ====== Данный скрипт помогает найти на графиках аномальные бары. Аномальный бар - это бар который, больше рядом стоящего бара как минимум на 50 процентов. Скрипт может искать бары на любом тайм-фрейма. Поиск аномального бара, возможен в двух вариантах: - по абсолютному значению, например - всё что выше 0.5%, считается аномальным баром, на разных тайм-фреймах нужно менять значения процентов; - на основание ATR, на мой взгляд это более объективный результат. В настройках доступно: - выбор цвета для отображения процентов на экране; - выбор способа поиска; - выбор значения - что считаем аномальным баром. ==
Pine Script™ indicator
by EmoeTeam