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Pure trendline breakout strategy; Manticore Investems Pure trendline break strategy is based on indicators: Tradelines with Breaks (FREE) - TwB Position entry signals, trendline breakout. We look for signals on the ~h4 interval. We take a position on lower intervals when we see entry signals there as well. Order block Detector (FREE) - ObD Generates us support and resistance for the price (red - sell, green - buy) Pivot Based Trailing Maxima & Minima (FREE) - Pbt Helps determine the current trend of the market on a given interval, serves as an add-on informing us about market trends. In the green zone - buy, red - sell. SuperOSC (FREE) - sOSC Informs us about the strength of the market at a given moment (on a specific candle) In addition: LuxAlgo Price Action Concept (PREMIUM). Strategy description: Basically we trade after large signals generated on h4/d1 intervals. When we take a position we look for the optimal place to enter from m15-h1. We use resistances and supports as SL/TPs. Trading style: scalping / daytrading. Ideal entry setup: 1) Signal generated on the h4/d1 TwB interval. 2) ObD secure our position / ObD do not interfere with a potential sell or buy 3) The trend set by Pbt agrees with the direction we are playing. (Green zone - buy / Red zone - sell). 4) The candle after which we enter is not drawn on the sOSC Examples below: H4 interval buy signal: 1) Pbt - Green buy zone 2) TwB - upward signal 3) sOSC - the candle that generated the buy signal did not cross the dashed lines When we take a position we go down to lower intervals to best estimate SL:TP H1 interval: H1 interval buy signal: 1) Pbt - Green buy zone 2) TwB - upward signal 3) sOSC - the candle that generated the buy signal did not cross the dashed lines Estimation of risk and timing of exit: Risk estimation: 1) We use ObD to determine the optimal risk, they serve as resistance to the price. 2) We set positions below the buy / sell zones from Pbt 3) We go to lower intervals, set SL under the TwB level of the opposite trendline Determining take profit: 1) We play out positions to supports or resistances generated by ObD 2) We close the position when we see that after the close of the h4/h1 candle the sOSC is drawn above or below the dashed line 3) We can close positions when we see that the movement is losing strength and there are opposition signals to our position on low intervals. It works best to close positions after reaching ObD supports/resistances in conjunction with a drawn-out sOSC. LuxAlgo Price Action Concept indicator (PREMIUM), serves as an aid in determining the strength of a given support or resistance (the higher the %, the stronger the resistance)
BITSTAMP:BTCUSDEducation
by Manticore_Investments
2
Trading Strategy. Basic principlesThe following clearly outlines my trading strategy, every day I seek out deals based solely on this strategy. Without regular backtesting (trade by trade), the results of trading are random and uncertain. The cumulative outcome of the R-multipliers should be positive, but, if a routine backtest is conducted (after executing numerous trades based on sequential trading processes that offer us an edge) The primary focus of our trading strategy is the risk-to-reward ratio (RR), where a large number of losses can be offset by a single profitable trade. - Entry requirements are sufficient to prevent market noise. - Position sizing ensures we have a consistent (fixed) risk every transaction, and we adhere to this algorithm on each and every trade. - Maintaining the advantage afforded by our trading method requires mental preparation for the fluctuations that will effect our account balance. Short-term losses should have no psychological impact! Entry Standards: We join the market based on key supply and demand sectors that play a significant impact in the structure of the market. We identify them by emphasizing the M15, H4 points of interest responsible for the structure's collapse. Once the price reaches our point of interest, we will watch for a reaction in this area, which will indicate if the price intends to move higher or lower. The objective is to identify where a substantial position was taken and wait for the price to return to that point in order to reduce the repercussions and ensure the price follows its actual intentions. Countertrend: - Monitor price action and reaction points closely. - Do not be greedy; if required, close such deals sooner, but not before 3R; bring the trade to the following supply/demand zone. - Keep a close eye on price movement and response points when entering a trend. - Enter a trade based on the candle that triggered the CHoCh, move it to the next high/low level, and partially close if momentum appears to be waning. - There is no need to move the SL aggressively; instead, let the price to fluctuate and move the entry to break even only after the initial LH/HL is created. 4H Definition of Market structure Determine the price's response to important zones on a daily/weekly basis. How should I mark the chart? 4H - swing highs and lows - B.O.S - Supply and Demand zones - Liquidity H/L, EQH/EQL, internal liquidity trend - Orderflow structure HL - HH or LH - LL 15M How should I mark the chart? - fluctuate between highs and lows - ChoCh/BOS - Demand/supply zones - Liquidity, liquidity zones/points, strong/weak H/L, liquidity before poi - Premium/Discount - short discount and long premium. - Order flow 1-5M How should I mark the chart? - Liquidity grab (sweep) - Mitigation/RTO - S/D flip
BITSTAMP:BTCUSDEducation
by Crypto4light
How to become a trader? (Part 1)How to become a trader? (Part 1) 1. What is trading? We all know what trading is. Almost all of us had someone around us who was trading, or maybe we heard the names of people like Warren Buffett or Elon Musk. But what we don't know is that trading is not just opening a chart and drawing a line and finally buying a stock or something. Trust me, It is more complicated than that. In this market, for 95% of people, there will be nothing but financial loss. But those 5% are the ones who get the secret of trading. You probably won't recognize those 5%, and they won't want to introduce themselves either. But if you persevere and put in enough effort and a lot of time, and then you go through more persistence and difficulty and loss of capital and disappointment, it is possible, just possible, that you will become one of those 5%. Come with me to find out what we should do. 2. Where do we start? An important question will arise for all people who are new to trading. "Where to start?" In the first few days, you will see a lot of stuff. And for sure, you will be confused like me. There are many things to learn. YouTube, books, even private training. But what do you get in the end? Well, you find a trading method and trade with it for some time. Then you start losing money. Then you go to another method and you lose again. And this cycle continues like this (this is the first hard part that I mentioned above). Later, you will learn about capital management and the psychology of trading. And by combining these three things and, of course, enough time, you will move towards becoming a trader. Therefore, becoming a trader is not something that can be achieved overnight and more importantly, it is not something that can be given to you. You have to achive it. 3. Strategy The first place you should start is formulating a strategy. Some people think that everything boils down to strategy. So when they can't make money, they try to find a more sophisticated strategy. But this is wrong. Strategy is just the beginning. I will talk more about this later. But before that, let's talk about the components of strategy. We can divide each strategy into 5 parts: Trend, Area of Value (AOV), Trigger, Stop loss (SL) and Target point (TP). A. Trend: The first and most important part. Trend means the next move will be up or down. Your tool to find the trend can be your eyes, trend line and different indicators. The most important thing to learn here is that no one knows which way the price will move. All we know and get through our tools is which direction the price is "more probable". The second point is that the trend is not about the past movement, but it's representative of the next movement! So don't mix them up. B. Area of Value (AOV): Let's assume that the price of a stock is going to increase, and in other words, it wants to find an up trend. Where will your entry area be? There are useful tools such as trend line, moving, Fibonacci, candlestick, support and resistance areas and etc. for this. C. Trigger: You will need a confirmation to enter when the price is in the value zone. I recommend you to use multi-time frame and look for entry in lower time-frames. The tools are the same as before. D. Stop loss: Your entire strategy depends on this component. Most people do not use the limit because they do not know how to use it. And they are also afraid of losing. The best traders also make mistakes and control their mistakes by limiting their losses. The limit of loss is your friend. Learn how to make the most of it. E. Target point: We humans have a good tolerance in the face of difficulties. But can we stop ourselves from seeing profit? The second stage is difficulty, patience and tolerance to achieve your desired profit. At the same time, knowing that the conditions may change, and you may not even get the profit you have now. There are more complex strategies that combine all of the above. Like Elliot, Ichimoku and etc. The important thing about the strategy is that a super complex strategy is not necessarily better than a simple strategy. Sometimes a simple trend line can give you a profit that dozens of complicated indicators cannot give you. I am not saying that complexity is worse. In fact, the more complicated it is, the more accurate your position and understanding of the subject will be. But the problem is that our mind does not have the ability to analyze all the possibilities. That's why, don't look for a super-complicated method produced by company X. Choose the simplest method that works for you, and you can communicate with it more easily. Each of those 5% people choose a method and become a master in it. So it doesn't matter what the method is. It is important that it is profitable. It matters how you implement it. In the next part, I will talk about capital management and market psychology. Good luck.
OANDA:XAGUSDEducation
by DarkPhoenixTrader
1
How to auto-execute TradingView alerts on exchangeIf you have your own strategy in TradingView, you can set up opening trades on the exchange in a couple of clicks. Next, you’ll see an example of how we set up alerts in 5 minutes, and how orders were opened and closed on the exchange. To do this, we will create alerts and a bot for alerts on our platform. Step 1. Set the alert parameters. Go to our terminal, select the Algotrading section → Trading Robots → Add strategy button. You will see an interface for creating and customizing your bot, where you need to perform the Basic settings and proceed to setting the parameters for sending signals to the system. To do this, go to the Sending signals block. The TradingView signal source is already selected. Copy the Request URL. On the right side of the window, we see the code with the request parameters. You can add other parameters with checkboxes, we have added Stop Loss and Take Profit. Copy and save the code. Step 2. Launch the bot. Next, find the created bot in the All robots section and launch it in Work trading mode according to the manuals in the terminal. Step 3. Set up an alert in TradingView. Go to TradingView, open the Alerts section and set up an alert, for example, for opening an order (Buy) based on a simple indicator - in our case, Crossing. Paste the code that we got in Step 1 in the Message field. Paste the request URL we got in Step 1 in the Webhook URL field and Save. The alert has been successfully created and is active on TradingView in the Alerts section. Step 4. Monitor the orders. The alert triggers and ... Go to the Alerts log, where we see a notification about executed alerts from TradingView. We can check in the bot on our platform, open the Trades tab - we see open orders. And we see that alert orders are open on the exchange. Since we set Stop Loss and Take Profit, the orders were not only opened, but also closed. In the platform we can find deals, on the exchange we can find orders with the Sell parameter. We hope that now trading with TradingView will become even easier. We will release new and more detailed articles for you on using webhooks so that the strategy created here works 24/7 without your participation.
Education
by Crypto_robotics
11
A sense of debtIn the previous two posts, we explored how assets are grouped in a company's balance sheet. Part 1: Balance sheet: taking the first steps Part 2: Assets I prioritize Now let's deal with Liabilities and Stockholders' equity. Let me remind you that these are the sources of funds that give a company assets. And indeed, with what funds can a company have assets? Either with its own funds (stockholders' equity), or with funds borrowed (liabilities). For simplicity, we will call them Debts and Equity. Debts can vary in maturity, so we've divided them into two categories in the balance sheet: Current liabilities and Non-current liabilities . Current liabilities include: - Current debts are debts that need to be paid back within a year after they are incurred. Do you remember our master took a loan from the bank to make a large batch of boots? That loan will be recorded in this item (assuming the loan is up to one year in repayment). - Accounts payable (debts to suppliers of goods and services). You can borrow money not only from the bank, but also from your suppliers, for example. In other words he is giving you raw materials now, but is ready to accept payment later. Such debts are reflected in this item. - Accrued liabilities (Provisions for future expenses on unpaid bills in the form of wages, rent, taxes). The word "debt" is in many ways synonymous with the word "liability." A company may have many such liabilities: payment of wages, rent and taxes. In essence, these are also debts to be paid during the year. For convenience, cash reserves are set aside for them. They are spent at the moment when the payment is due. Such reserves are recorded in this item. - Other current liabilities . Debts or liabilities with a maturity of up to one year that are not included in the categories above are shown here. Non-current liabilities include: - Long term debt - these are debts that need to be paid back more than one year after they are incurred. If our master had borrowed from the bank for two years, such a loan would fall into this category. - Deferred taxes liabilities (Provision for taxes to be paid in a future period). Tax rates are subject to change, and new taxes may come into effect in a year or more. But even now, the company can set aside money for future taxes. - Other long term liabilities . Here are debts or liabilities with a maturity of more than one year that are not included in the categories above. In short, debts are loans taken by the company, provisions for tax liabilities, and debts to suppliers. The amount of debt is a very important indicator in the fundamental analysis of a company. On the one hand, the mere presence of debt is not scary, because it demonstrates that banks trust the company and give it loans for development. On the other hand, a substantial amount of debt can cause serious problems and losses in the period of weak sales of goods or services. Banks are unlikely to suspend interest charges on loans if a company is doing poorly. This means the company will incur expenses in the form of interest on loans that are not offset by revenue. Also a reminder that if a company goes bankrupt, the owners of the stock get the assets of that company only after all debts have been settled . If the debts are so large that they exceed the value of all the property, the shareholders get nothing. For these reasons, I select companies with small debt loads. What liabilities do I focus on? - Current debt; - Accounts payable; - Long term debt. For me, these are the items that most clearly reflect the company's debt situation. In the next post, we will conclude our study of the balance sheet and look at the basic source of assets, which is Equity. See you soon!
NASDAQ:AMZNEducation
by Be_Capy
4
Assets I prioritizeIn the previous post Balance sheet: taking the first steps , we began parsing the balance sheet of the imaginary workshop and focused on assets. Today, I suggest looking at what types of tangible and intangible property are classified as current assets and what types are classified as non-current assets. Current assets contain the following items: - Cash and cash equivalents - in our case we can include a safe with money, which, in general, corresponds to the company's cash in its current bank accounts. - Net receivables - here we would include the IOU from a friend. That is everything that clients owe the company for goods or services. - Inventory - this includes a bag with leather, rubber and thread. That is all raw materials, from which goods are made, as well as stocks of finished goods in warehouses. - Other current assets - this can include other current assets that do not belong to the previous items. Non-current assets include the following items: - Net property, plant and equipment - we include a garage, table, chair, sewing machine and tools. Depreciation is deducted from the original cost of the property when reporting it. Depreciation is the cost to repair and renew the property. - Equity and other investments - in our example, this would include oil company stocks (and in general, any company investment in stocks or bonds of other companies). - Goodwill - let's say our company wants to buy another company and is willing to pay $11 million for it. The assets of the other company are $10 million, and the debts that our company will have to pay for the other company are $2 million. So the assets net of debt are $8 million. After the purchase, the assets and debts of that company will become the assets and debts of our company. So, the difference between the purchase amount of $11 million and the net assets of $8 million is a goodwill equal to $3 million. For our workshop, this item is not relevant, as it didn't buy any company. Nevertheless, remember that goodwill is the difference between the purchase price of another company and its net assets. - Intangible assets - this can include the value of the customer base in the master's phone book, as well as any other assets that have no tangible basis (such as purchased trademarks). - Other long term assets - this item includes other non-current assets that don't belong to the previous items. Once we understand which asset belongs to which item, its value (or rather, the sum of the values of all assets belonging to this item) is written in the balance sheet. For example, let's say we've determined that the Inventory item includes leather, rubber, and thread. The accountant adds up the value of the leather, rubber, and thread and writes the total amount in monetary terms against the Inventory item. This is how the numbers appear in the balance sheet. Now let's discuss which balance sheet items we should pay attention to during the fundamental analysis of assets. I have formulated the following rule for myself: pay attention to the assets that are directly related to the sale of the company's goods or services . If a company does not sell its goods or services well, its bank account balance will shrink, huge inventories of unsold goods and raw materials will accumulate in its warehouses, and accounts receivable (customers debt) will grow. The fact is that when sales are bad, the company is ready to lend out goods as debt. If sales are going well, then, on the contrary, the money in the account will grow, and accounts receivable and inventory will start to shrink. All other assets can influence sales only indirectly, so I don't consider them. Thus, I have identified my priority assets : - Cash and cash equivalents; - Net receivables; - Inventory. As you can see, they are all quick current assets. Non-current assets only indirectly affect sales, so they are not a priority benchmark for me. In the next post, we'll start looking at the right side of our disclosed book, called the Balance sheet. That's where the company's liabilities and equity belong. See you next time!
NASDAQ:TSLAEducation
by Be_Capy
Donchian Channel Indicator: The Complete A Trader's GuideChannel forex trading strategies are very popular among traders. This fact is because the channel within which the quotes move is regularly formed on any instrument, any time frame, and can be used in a variety of ways (breakout strategy, rebound strategy, etc.) as a ready-made trading tactic. There are Linear Progression Channels, Bollinger Bands, Fibonacci Channels, Envelopes, Ichimoku Channels, and Donchian Channel, which is created based on the Donchian Channel Indicator. It will become the main character of our today`s article. Let us consider in more detail the principle of its use and the rules for placing orders. The Donchian Channel Indicator: Description And Main Signals Richard Donchian is one of the legendary traders of the last century. He was the originator of the Turtles trading system. As it often happens, the peak of his popularity and success came to him late, at a respectable age. Donchian was a true workaholic, giving much energy to trading and creating effective trading theories. His works were used by a lot of traders, some of which were included in the top ten of the best market professionals, for example, Linda Raschke. Initially, the Donchian Channel was developed for trading by breakout strategies when the price goes out of the channel and crosses one of its borders. As a rule, a new powerful trend starts at such moments. What Does The Donchian Price Channel Look Like? The algorithm looks like two curves, one of which corresponds to the upper limit of the corridor and the other - to the lower one. The upper curve shows the price maximums for the selected time period. The lower boundary shows the levels of price lows, also for a certain period of time. When price minimums/maximums are updated, the lines are rearranged and the channel width decreases or increases depending on the market situation. Another broken dotted line runs in the center of the channel. The price position relative to this line shows the market trend: When the price breaks out of the middle line of the channel from the bottom up and rises higher, it indicates the bulls' advantage in the market. Price is trending upwards. When the price crosses the middle line of the channel from top to bottom and goes lower, it indicates a bearish advantage in the market. The price goes downward. The Donchian Channel is also called a volatility indicator because it uses chart extrema in its calculations. The tool looks a bit like Bollinger Waves, but its lines are smoother and do not react as strongly to price changes as Bollinger Bands lines. Channel Boundaries Signals According to the indicator, trades can be opened at the moments of a breakout as well as a rebound from the channel borders. Signals arising when price breaks out a channel edge are called trend signals: If the price breaks out the upper level of the Donchian Channel from the bottom up and the breakout candle closes above it, this is a buy signal. An uptrend begins; If the price crosses the lower level of the Donchian Channel from above downwards and the breakout candlestick is closed under it, this is a sell signal. The downtrend begins. The breakout can be not only a true breakout when the boundary is crossed by the candle's body and the candle closes outside the range but also a shadow one. It can be called a shadow breakout, which was made by the candlestick's shadow, but the candlestick itself closed inside the Donchian Channel. The shadow breakout occurs before the price reverses after the rebound from the channel's boundary: If the shadow of the candlestick breaks out the lower boundary, and then the price returns to the channel and closes inside it, this is a signal of an upward reversal. You can place a buy order; If the shadow of the candlestick crosses the upper boundary, and then the price goes back inside the channel and closes there, this is a signal of a downward reversal. You may enter into a sell trade. A shadow breakout usually indicates a price reversal from the broken-out boundary. Price may not only break out the channel boundary but also rebound from it. In this case, the price moves inside the channel, and then, having touched one of its boundaries reverses in the other direction. Signals when the price rebounds from the Donchian Channel boundaries: If the price rebounds from the upper boundary of the channel, this is a sell signal; If the price rebounds from the lower boundary of the channel, this is a signal to buy. Changing the channel width also indicates a change in the market situation. For example, if the Donchian Channel becomes narrow, it indicates a flat. The market is calm at the moment, the volatility is low. When the price extremums are updated, the channel starts expanding, indicating the increase in market volatility: If the channel expands as a result of updating price lows, you can open a sell trade; If the channel expands as a result of updating price highs, you can open a buy trade. Even though the Donchian Channel is quite an effective tool, it is not recommended to open positions only by its signals. It is necessary to use additional tools for signal confirmation. Calculation Of The Donchian Channel Indicator To plot the Donchian Channel, we should use the absolute minimum and maximum of the quote for the definite period. The upper boundary of the channel is drawn through the specified maximum, and the lower – through the minimum for the same period. In the time period, only the number of candlesticks is always considered. For example, period 10 for the D1 chart is equal to 10 days, for the H1 chart – to 10 hours, and for the M5 – to 50 minutes. In other words, a breakout of a 10-day channel on the D1 chart means that the 10-day maximum is broken out when the upper boundary of the channel is broken out, or the 10-day minimum when the lower boundary of the channel is broken out. In other words, the upper boundary is equal to the maximum value of the quote for the selected period, the lower boundary – to the minimum value, and the average boundary is equal to the sum of the upper and lower bounds divided by 2. Donchian himself used the value of the channel period 20 for daily charts because it equals the average number of working days in a month. But we can experiment with the period value, considering that we can trade in any time frame. The most popular and well-proven variants are 18, 24, and 55. Donchian Channel + RSI Trading Strategy Let's consider an example of a simple trading strategy based on the Donchian Channel and RSI oscillator signals. Chart time frame – H1. Currency pair – any currency pair with average or high volatility. Positions may be opened on the rebound of the price from the boundaries of the Donchian Channel. The RSI indicator will confirm the rebound signal, coming out of the oversold or overbought area. A long position may be entered under the following conditions: The price reaches the lower boundary of the Donchian Channel, fails to break it out, and turns in the opposite direction. Either there was a shadow breakout and the price returned to the channel limits. RSI exits the oversold area, breaking out the 30 level from the bottom to the top. Take Profit should be set on the upper curve of the Donchian range. Stop Loss can be placed outside the lower boundary of the Donchian Channel. A sell order may be made under opposite conditions: The price reached the upper boundary of the Donchian Channel. It fails to cross the upper boundary of the Donchian Channel, it rebounds and turns in the opposite direction. The second option - a shadow breakout occurs and the chart returns to the channel. The oscillator has left the overbought area, breaking out the line of 70 downwards. Fixing Take Profit should be set at the lower border of the Donchian Channel. A protective Stop-Loss can be placed outside the upper boundary of the Donchian Channel. Donchian Channel + MACD Trading Strategy This strategy involves opening a trade at the Donchian Channel boundaries breakout moments. Trading will be done based on the trend. To confirm the signals of border breakout a trend oscillator MACD is used. The time frame of the chart is M15. The asset to be traded should have medium or high volatility. It is possible to open a long position, provided that: The Donchian Channel begins to widen in the direction of the uptrend. The maximums of the chart begin to increase sequentially; The candlestick breaks out the upper boundary of the Donchian Channel and closed above it; The MACD indicator is above zero, and the histogram is increasing. If all three conditions coincide, it is possible to open a buy order. Stop Loss is placed behind the local minimum. Profit can be fixed by Take Profit, calculated using the formula SL*2, or manually when the opposite signal is received. You may enter a short position when receiving the following signals: Donchian Channel corridor begins to expand in the direction of the downtrend; The price minimums start to decrease consistently; The candlestick crosses the lower level of the channel and closes under it. The MACD indicator is below zero, the histogram is decreasing. If all three signals coincide, one can open a short position right away. Stop Loss is placed behind the local maximum. The profit can be fixed by Take-Profit, equal to at least two Stop Losses. You can also fix the profit manually by closing the order when the signal to the contrary appears. Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Donchian Channel Indicator The Donchian Channel has its own characteristics. Among the advantages, we can note its simplicity and efficiency. The indicator consists of only three lines, which are superimposed over the chart of price movements. The Donchian Channel gives sufficiently high-quality signals. However, it may sometimes be wrong in low time frames, as there is market noise on such charts. Therefore, it is recommended to combine it with other indicators. Donchian Channel perfectly combines with oscillators, such as RSI, Stochastic Oscillator, MACD, etc. While trading price breakouts, the Donchian Channel is combined with trend indicators - Parabolic SAR, Power Fuse, MACD, Moving Average, etc. Conclusion Although the Donchian Channel signals look simple, they have already proven to be effective. Understanding the basis of channel formation, you can make your own "add-ons" to the strategy, such as using the MA as an additional indicator, etc. To better filter, the signals, try combining them on the chart with other indicators and oscillators.
EEducation
by FOREXN1
9
Balance sheet: taking the first stepsToday we are going to start learning about fundamental analysis of companies. In my opinion, this is the basic skill you should have when picking stocks to invest in. Once again, the main principle of the strategy I follow is to pick outstanding companies and buy their stocks at a discounted price. You may have noticed that first-class products are occasionally discounted in stores, but not for long, because such products are quickly swept off the shelves, and almost the next day the price is again without a discount. Exactly the same strategy is applicable to the stock market. Now, fundamental analysis is a method for picking outstanding companies (that is, companies with strong fundamentals). How can we tell if a company has a strong foundation or not? There is only one way - by analyzing its financial statements. Every listed company has to disclose this information publicly on its website. In other words, we don't have to extract that information - it is publicly available. You can also find it on TradingView and see the data in dynamics. What is the content of this information? The company publishes three reports : balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. The balance sheet, like the order book , can be presented as an open book. The left side of the book lists the company's assets and their valuation in monetary terms, and the right side lists the company's liabilities and equity , and their valuation in monetary terms. What are company assets ? These are everything that belongs to the company: buildings, equipment, trademark, shares of other companies, cash in the cash register. In general, all tangible and intangible property of a company are assets. What are liabilities and equity of a company? These are the sources of funds that gave rise to the assets. For example, if you bought a computer for $1000 with your savings, then the computer is an asset, and your own savings are equity. If a friend lent you $100, and you put the money in your pocket, the money in your pocket is an asset, and the debt to your friend is a liability. Based on these examples, you can make an imaginary balance sheet: As you can see, the entry in the balance sheet is the name of the asset, liability or equity and their monetary value. Assets, liabilities and equity are inextricably linked, so the sum of assets is always equal to the sum of liabilities and equity . If we were to write every asset in this way on the balance sheet of a large company, it would turn into an endless book of hundreds of pages. However, if we look at the balance sheets of huge corporations, they can fit on a single sheet of paper. This is due to the fact that over time invented to group the same type of balance sheet items. Let's look at how the company's balance sheet items are grouped: Don't be frightened. Now we will try to digest this table with the help of an example we are already familiar with. Let's think back to our master cobbler , specifically to the period when he was just starting out. Let's assume what exactly he had at that time: a garage, a table, a chair, a sewing machine, tools, a bag with leather and rubber, thread, a safe with money, a phone book with clients' contact information, a IOU from his friend, and oil company stocks. I have now listed the assets of our master, or should I say, of his workshop. I should note that what is listed here is exactly what is directly related to his business. Even the money in the safe, the debt from his friend, and the oil company shares came about because of the existence of the business. Let's say the master's apartment or the bicycle he rides in the park are not assets, because they don't belong to the workshop. They belong to the master, but not to his business. Let's categorize the workshop's assets into groups. There are two big groups: Current assets and Non-current assets . How should you distinguish them? The general rule is this: Current assets are what a company's product is made of, and what can turn into money in the near future, so they can be called quick assets . Non-current assets are where and with what we create the product, and what can turn into money not so soon (so they can be called long-term assets ). So, here we go: - A garage, a table, a chair are where we create a product, so a long-term (non-current) asset. - A sewing machine, tools - this is what we use to create a product - a long-term (non-current) asset. - A bag with leather and rubber and thread is what a product is made from - a quick (current) asset. - A safe with money is already real money - a quick (current) asset. - A phone book with customer numbers - it's hard to sell it to someone quickly, such assets are also called intangible assets and are placed in long-term (non-current) assets. - IOU from a friend, i.e. a friend bought boots from a master, but can pay only after receiving his salary - a quick (current) asset. - Shares of an oil company - let's assume that a customer once paid for the boots with them - a long-term (non-current) asset. So, we've just categorized the master's assets into two groups: current assets (quick assets) and non-current assets (long-term assets). In the next post, we'll break down the components of these two large groups. See you then!
AMEX:SPYEducation
by Be_Capy
Man on the shoulders of giantsIsaac Newton, who turned people's view of the world upside down, once said: "If I have seen further than others, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants". And indeed, each of us has a chance to discover something new for ourselves and others by drawing on the wisdom of our predecessors. I want to say a big thank you to Benjamin Graham, David Dodd, Warren Buffett and Peter Lynch, who openly shared their ideas with the world and inspired more than one private investor in their first investments. I'm sure Mohnish Pabrai will join me in saying the same. Born in Mumbai, an engineer by training, he had no interest in the subject of stock investing until he was 30 years old. But by chance, after reading a book by Peter Lynch, he began to study the subject more deeply. Inch by inch he climbed the shoulders of the giants of value investing to see hitherto unknown horizons. He is now known as a successful investor, author of books on investing, and creator of incredibly kind philanthropic initiatives. Listening to Mohnish Pabrai's lectures, I noted his ideas, which in many ways coincide with my own. I am happy to share them with you: 1. The market is always concerned about what will happen to the company in the future, so it cannot be 100% efficient (*). (*) Let me remind you that according to "efficient market" theory, a company's current price reflects its "fair value" because any publicly known information instantly affects the price. Thus, an investor is unlikely to make a profit on any information, such as a company's strong financial statements, because the market has already reflected the event. However, this theory does not take into account the future, which we all think about every day and act in the present, including the market, based on those thoughts. For example, someone may think that a company's future is murky because of the news that has come out. This concern will be picked up by the crowd, and the stock will go down. Or on the contrary, the success of the company may be perceived as over-optimistic, and a real stir will start around the stock. No one knows the future, but thinking about it affects the present. For this reason, the current price of the company may not reflect its fair value, contrary to the "efficient market" theory. 2. Continuing with the first thought, the waves of pessimism and optimism will always be present in the market. They distort a company's value so much that they give us private investors a chance to buy and sell a company's stock profitably. 3. The more time you spend analyzing a company, the more you "fall in love" with it. Try to grasp this idea. After all, by spending a lot of time studying something, such as a company's excellent financial statements, we set ourselves up for what it must pay off as a profitable investment. Remember: the market doesn't owe you anything. 4. Often the decision to invest in a company can be made based on just a few surprising figures. For example, if the value of a company is equal to 50% of the amount of cash in its checking account. Mohnish Pabrai said that Warren Buffett used a reference book with the statements of thousands of companies, not to spend months studying each of them, but to find something that would really surprise him. 5. Mohnish Pabrai admitted that he has never once played the short and has no intention of doing so for the rest of his life. His math is really simple. If you play the short by selling a stock at $100, your maximum earnings are capped at $100 (which will happen when the stock drops to zero). Whereas a buyer of a $100 stock has a chance to sell it at both $1,000 and $2,000. There is no upside restriction by its very nature. 6. And the thought I want to conclude this post with is don't look for people to hand you a treasure on a platter. Looking for treasure is much more interesting! It's about not trying to replicate someone else's trades or portfolio positions. Try to make your own decisions. Try to see your horizon. The unwavering shoulders of giants will help you in all of this.
SP:SPXEducation
by Be_Capy
Trend Channel Early Direction and Best Entry NIS- Nava Imbalance Strategy - Using Only Price Action, We can find the best entry to catch those HUGE returns! This is how to detect early direction and perfect entries and exit points using Wycoff method. (on diagonal trend channels not support/resistance) This Wycoff pattern will create imbalances on parallel trend channels. IMBALANCE (price moves outside of trend channel then returns.) First imbalance is showing who is in charge regardless of trend channel direction. Example -IF first imbalance is on top, & trend channel is going up, Look for entry at new imbalance #2 at the bottom of trend channel to catch biggest move. Best Entry = @Fakeout / Safe Entry= @ return to trend and retest trend line. -IF first imbalance is on top, & trend channel is going down, Price will move with trend until higher time frame trend channel line is hit. Price will then start to return to imbalance below slowly. This pattern repeats on all trend channels that have been correctly placed. - We find correct channel placements by making trend channels from daily down to entry time frame. - Hide higher timeframe trend channels to see better in the lower time frame channels but will need to see where they are as price approaches the trend lines. - Trend channels like to continue the push of a trend until bounce of higher time frame trend channel lines to follow higher trend channel or breakout. You can follow price with trend channels once you have entered until price starts making imbalances in the opposing direction.
Education
by JOKESTV
A pill for missed opportunitiesPrevious parts of the post: Part 1: My Three Comrades: the Chart, the Screener, and the Watchlist Part 2: Two captains of the same ship The market is an element we take for granted. It can't stop when we're busy doing other things, and it can't work if the stock market is off and you personally have work days. The small investor's impact on the market is close to zero. Some may not like it, but I see it as a big plus. I'm not the only one. Even Peter Lynch wrote about this . It is because of our size that we small investors have the ability to get the best buy and sell prices on stocks. Just imagine an elephant and a mouse trying to drink water from a coffee mug. Who has a better chance? Like the best sales, attractive stock prices don't last long. This also applies to the period of increased stock prices that are interesting to sell. To make sure you don't miss this time, TradingView has an alert service. Why do we need an alert system? For our convenience. Once we have selected fundamentally strong companies, our next step is to keep an eye on their stock price so we can buy them at a price we can benefit from. You remember our strategy, right? Buy rooms in a great hotel, and even during a sale period. How do you monitor these "sales"? You have two options: to monitor the price chart yourself during the trading period, or set up alerts so that if the stock price reaches a certain level, you will receive an SMS message to your phone or email, or a push-notification in the TradingView app (depending on your settings). Agree, this is very convenient. So how do you set up the alerts? 1. First of all, you must open the chart of the stock you are going to configure the alerts for. 2. Then click on the "Alert" button at the top toolbar of the chart. 3. Set the alert parameters in the settings menu. How do I read the settings in this picture? If the Apple stock price is less than $130 per share, I will receive an alert every minute, all the time the stock is trading below $130. The alert I will receive will contain the following message: AAPL Less Than 130.00 If you don't want to get an alert every minute, set the trigger to "Only Once". 4. In the "Notifications" tab, you can configure where the alerts and the sound will go. The system of customized alerts will allow you to use your time effectively. You will not be chained to the monitor and you can calmly wait for the cherished message. In the picture you can see that alerts can come as: - push notification to your phone (if you have the TradingView app installed); - a pop-up window on your monitor; - a letter to your email address; - a message to a web address (advanced feature for developers); - SMS to your phone, but via email (i.e. your email service must have the ability to send copies of emails via SMS). As for my investment strategy, it's quiet enough to work on it even without alerts. Mr. Market doesn't often come with insanely interesting prices , so it takes time to get to the target values. It's like waiting for an astronaut from the Moon: he can't return to Earth in a day, you have to wait patiently, with the occasional peek at the situation. So, I'm concluding my series of posts dedicated to the basic functions of TradingView. I advise you to "play" with the platform for a while to get used to it as quickly as possible. In fact, it has a lot of features that you will discover over time. For now, that's it. In the following posts, we will begin to examine perhaps the most important aspect of an investment strategy, which is fundamental analysis. Get ready, here comes the part that will require the most concentration. But then you will be able to navigate this topic with ease. See you next time!
Editors' picks
NASDAQ:AAPLEducation
by Be_Capy
20
Adaptive vs. Over-fitting StrategiesAdaptive trading strategies and over-fitting strategies are two approaches that have been the subject of much debate in the world of financial markets. On one side, adaptive trading strategies involve the use of machine learning algorithms to analyze market data and adapt to changing market conditions in real-time. These strategies aim to optimize trading performance by continuously learning from market data and adjusting their approach accordingly. On the other side, over-fitting strategies involve the use of complex models that may be too sensitive to the specific characteristics of a particular market dataset. This can result in the model making predictions that are not applicable to other market conditions, leading to poor performance when the model is deployed in live trading. One argument in favor of adaptive trading strategies is that they have the potential to significantly improve trading performance by continuously learning from market data and adapting to changing conditions. These strategies can also be more flexible and responsive to market changes, allowing traders to take advantage of opportunities as they arise. However, there are also valid concerns about the use of adaptive trading strategies. One potential issue is that these strategies may be prone to overfitting, where the model becomes too closely tied to the specific characteristics of a particular dataset and is not able to generalize well to other market conditions. This can lead to poor performance when the model is deployed in live trading. Another concern about adaptive trading strategies is that they may require a large amount of data to be effective, which may not be practical for traders who are working with limited data sets. Additionally, these strategies may be more complex and require more advanced technical expertise to implement and maintain, which may not be feasible for all traders. Overall, the debate between adaptive trading strategies and over-fitting strategies is a complex one, and there is no one-size-fits-all answer. The best approach will depend on the specific needs and goals of the trader, as well as the resources and expertise available. Ultimately, it is important for traders to carefully consider the pros and cons of both approaches and choose the one that is most appropriate for their needs.
OANDA:SPX500USDEducation
by PtGambler
5
Two captains of the same shipPrevious part of the post: My Three Comrades: the Chart, the Screener, and the Watchlist Now let's move on to the fundamental analysis. Remember in this post I gave the example that a joint stock company can be thought of as a hotel, and owning shares can be thought of as owning one or more rooms in that hotel. So, imagine now that our hotel has a terrible foundation with lots of holes in it. What would happen to such a hotel? Of course, it could collapse, dragging everything down with it. It would also affect the value of the stock, and in our case, the value of the rooms. Because no one will want to buy rooms in such a hotel, on the contrary, they will try to sell them at any price, and then the value of rooms (stocks) will go down. The purpose of fundamental analysis is to understand how financially stable and profitable the chosen company is. Sometimes they say that a company has a strong or weak foundation - a generalized conclusion based on analysis of its financial statements. So, our task will be to find stocks of companies with strong foundations. Let's go to "Chart+" and select "Indicators" in the upper toolbar. A menu will open for you, where on the left we will select "Financials". Here we can select data from company reports: Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Cash Flow. They are issued quarterly and annually. Accordingly, you can select any indicator from the statements, such as revenue, select the period - quarter or year, and add it to the chart. In this way, you can study the dynamics of this indicator over time. In addition to the reporting data, you can add so-called multipliers to the chart. They are placed in the same menu after the "Cash Flow" > subsection called "Statistics". What is a multiplier and how to analyze the statements, we will discuss in our separate posts on the fundamental analysis, and now let's move on to the technical analysis. Technical analysis is a search for recurring patterns on a price chart in order to predict its future behavior. Let's go back to the time when candlesticks were invented. These charts appealed to traders so much that they began to look for repeating combinations of candlesticks, which served as signals of future price movement. For example, there is a combination called "bearish engulfing" . When the market has a clear upward trend, and in one day, a massive bearish candle appears, the body of which closes the body and shadows of the previous candle - it can herald the reversal of the uptrend. Or, if the market for three days in a row is drawn three black candles with massive bodies - they are called "three crows" . Traders interpret this as a sign that the downtrend is continuing. Doesn't that sound like an omen to you? In fact, people have made up dozens of similar patterns and many more that, like weather forecasts, don't always come true. You must have sensed that I cover this topic rather cursorily? This is due to the fact that I do not use technical analysis at all. That is, I do not make predictions based on recurring situations from the past. I do, however, use one of the tools of technical analysis, which is the average value of the stock price over the year. Not to make predictions, but to have a guideline: when to buy and when to sell stocks of companies with strong fundamentals. I will surely elaborate on this in my next posts, but for now, wrapping up the topic of technical analysis, I want to give one analogy. Stock price movements can be compared to the sea: sometimes it is calm and sometimes it is subject to strong waves. An investor can be compared to the captain of a ship who has to decide whether to put to sea now or not (i.e. whether to buy stocks or not). A captain who looks at the official weather reports and gauges is like an investor who uses fundamental analysis. And a captain who is only guided by omens and his gut is like an investor making a decision based on technical analysis. You can be captain number two without me, but how to become captain number one is the subject of my blog.
NASDAQ:AMZNEducation
by Be_Capy
2
The unknown obvious: there's only one strategyThere's only one trading strategy, one way to trade and +inf number of ways (most of them are senseless) to model it & play around it. How & why prices move is not a mathematical principle that can be explained with a set of logic. It's the set of logical principles that can be modeled with mathematics. These mathematical aka quantitative ways are numerous and generally offer a tradeoff between the computational needs and the resulting quality. Take a look at my chart, you's see the weighted box plot that includes 80% of the data and weighted mean & standard deviations that also include 80% of the data. They're almost the same! As they should be, since the're modelling the same stuff. Box plot is a lil better since it's non-parametric (works well for all the distributions). WMA & WSTDEV are less on point, but cmon, easier to compute. And then you have the 1st degree model - weighted regression (WLSMA), that for some "unknown" reason sometimes matches the deviations that include 80% of the data?! Hard to compute tho, matrixes, vectorized ops.. Different ways, different tradeoffs, the same end, pick your poison & go. Thing is it's all modelling, but the real underlying principles are much easier, and strangely, hard to automate 4 real, at least business wise. These things are very hard to algorithmize, and probably impossible to just calculate at all. The principles themselves are easy tho and are the same on any resolution: 1) levels are the places where it was/it is/it will be potentially or proved with evidence as cheap/expensive; 2) everything else in between these levels are buying/selling waves aka directional order flows; Minding all that, there's only one "strategy" that will let you make the market better & earn money by doing so: buy @ potentially cheap & proved cheap, sell @ potentially expensive & proved expensive. All your momentums & mean reversions etc are ideologically the same things that allow you to do it. Everything else is a question of position sizing and gradual risk loading/offloading. Now coming back to quantification of all this stuff & automation. In terms of algorithmization, levels are the nightmare. their origins, positioning, clearing. You'll need to run numerous nested cycles on wide data and query databases nonstop in order to process it all, and you'll need to do it on all the resolutions you use. Waves are even more complicated, they start & end in particular places and levels affect it, they get exhausted & overridden. Wave starts/wave ends are based on levels, sometimes on higher resolutions, recursions are involved. Now imagine you're doing it on multiple assets in business environment. I don't even mentioned many absolutely deterministic & well defined judgmental calls that are made during borderline cases. You can instead try to approximate it all using mathematics. Since the real original principles will not be reached anyways, the best we can do is to include all the information in our models and pick the formulas & methods that are as much coherent with the source as possible. Formulas & methods are secondary. Regardless the methods, fancy formulas, what you call ML & AI these days, omg DSP adepts, bloody wavelets and ftts, etc etc etc, you can gain as much information from the data it as it is there. Information is the main thing. The whole game if about information. Features are inherited from the fundamental particle of the market: a tick. Tho, we more interested in the 'tuple' of the 2 last ticks: current tick and the previous tick (wassup Markov). 1) Price. The actual sampled prices, calculated volume modes of every bar, HLC3, HL2, but never a Close lol; 2) Time. Can estimate the most prominent cycle and divide it by 2 / leave it alone; 3) Sequence matters. May be achieved via linear weighting of the data points; 4) Volume. Weighting by volume/ inferred volume; 5) Direction. Plus or minus? Then multiplied by volume? We might have overshoots due to negative weights tho. Another way? You'll surely end up with something working. ^^ Funny thing tho, it's all extremely easy to do as an organic life form, you just scroll through different resolutions and see it all on the charts in a matter of seconds w/o any brain damage, without any approximations, without any data loss. I think at this point you understand that there's absolute zero sense in using any chart studies if you trade 100% manually. If you don't I'm spamming the F button
Editors' picks
CME_MINI:ES1!Education
by gorx1
8
My Three Comrades: the Chart, the Screener, and the WatchlistToday we will continue to explore the fascinating world of stock investing. And TradingView will help us with that. I sincerely recommend making friends with this platform, as I haven't found anything more convenient to implement my strategy yet. After you have registered on the site, move to the main menu "Products" > "Chart+" . This is where you'll spend most of your time with the platform. What opportunities are in front of you: - Find companies to invest in; - Make a fundamental analysis of the companies; - Make a technical analysis of stock charts; - Receive alerts on the buy or sell price of a stock that is right for you. So, let's break down each item. How to search for stocks on TradingView? Hopefully, you've already entered the "Chart+" section. In the upper left corner is a line to enter the ticker of the stock. If you don't know the ticker, just enter the first letters of the company name: the system will find the ticker that corresponds to that company on its own. However, keep in mind that stocks of the same company may be traded on different exchanges from different countries, so sometimes one company may have several tickers. As an example, let's enter the name "Tesla" in the search bar to open a chart of their stock. As we can see, the system tells us that Tesla is traded on NASDAQ and some exchanges in other countries. To the right of the search bar is a button with a choice of time frame. You can try different time frames, but for me the most important is the time frame of 1 day (i.e. one candle shows the price change for 1 day). So, the way of selecting a company via the search bar is convenient when you know at least its name. But there are thousands of companies listed on the stock exchange, and it is impossible to know the name of every company. In this case, the "Stock Screener" will help us. It is located in the lower left corner. Clicking on the Screener will open a list of stocks, filtered according to the parameters you set (you can customize the parameters by clicking on the bright blue button "Filters" on the right). Let's go to filters and configure the parameters we need. First of all, let's select the country - the USA . In the second turn, on the tab with general parameters, let's choose the instrument type - common stocks , and let's choose the exchanges - NYSE , NASDAQ , and one more - NYSE ARCA . Now we have a list of all stocks, which are traded on the exchanges that we have chosen. What we are interested in, we can add to the "Watchlist" . This is the first (top) button in the menu on the right. Just right-click on the ticker from the screener and select "Add to Watchlist". The same can be done by right-clicking on a chart. Switching between the tickers in the Watchlist you will consequently switch between the charts. So, we have figured out how to find the shares of a company. In the next post, let's see what we have in terms of fundamental analysis of companies.
NASDAQ:TSLAEducation
by Be_Capy
2
⚠️Don't let FOMO ruin your trading⚠️FOMO, or "fear of missing out," is a common emotion that can lead to impulsive and potentially reckless trading decisions. ⚠️ ✅Here are five key rules to help you respect and manage FOMO in your trading: 🔵 Use risk management techniques. Proper risk management is critical to successful trading. This includes setting stop-loss orders to limit potential losses and using position sizing strategies to ensure that you don't risk more than you can afford to lose. 🔵 Seek out education and guidance. If you're new to trading or struggling to manage FOMO, it can be helpful to seek out educational resources or seek guidance from an experienced trader or financial advisor. By learning more about the markets and trading strategies, you can increase your knowledge and confidence, which can help you make more informed and rational trading decisions. 🔵 Take breaks and step away from the markets. It can be easy to get caught up in the excitement of trading, but taking breaks and stepping away from the markets can help you clear your head and make more rational decisions. 🔵 Don't let emotions drive your trades. FOMO can lead to emotional trading, which is often not based on sound analysis or strategy. It's important to stay disciplined and base your trades on objective criteria rather than letting emotions drive your decisions. 🔵 Set clear trading goals and stick to your trading plan. Having a clear understanding of what you hope to achieve with your trades and a plan to achieve those goals can help you avoid making impulsive decisions driven by FOMO. 👤 @Galerdev 📅 Daily Ideas about market update, psychology & indicators ❤️ If you appreciate my work , Please like, comment and follow ❤️
Education
by TradeConf
A little bit about volumes and the master of all averagesSo, let's refresh our knowledge from the previous posts (read part 1 and part 2 at the links): - The chart is based on the data from the tape; - The X-axis is the time scale, and the Y-axis is the price scale; - To avoid having to analyze a huge number of trades, interval charts were invented for convenience; - The most popular chart type is the Candlestick chart; - The candlestick consists of a body and shadows (upper and lower). The body is drawn at the open and close prices of the interval. The shadows are built by the maximum price (high), and the minimum price (low); - The time interval for one candle is called a time frame. The smaller the time frame, the more detailed information we get about the price changes. In addition to information about the price dynamics, from the stock chart, we can get information about the dynamics of trading volume. These are bars that we see below the candlesticks. They are also drawn on the basis of information from the tape. Let's return to our example: FB $110 20 lots 12/03/21 12-34-59 FB $115 25 lots 12/03/21 12-56-01 FB $100 10 lots 12/03/21 12-59-12 FB $105 30 lots 12/03/21 12-59-48 If you add up all the lots of trades in the interval from 12-00-00 to 12-59-59, we get 85 lots. Then the lots need to be multiplied by the number of stocks in one lot, for example, 100. It turns out that 8500 shares changed their owners in 1 hour. This information is displayed as a bar below each candlestick. My strategy does not use a trading volume analysis, but it is important to understand that increasing trading volumes are a sign of increasing attention to the stock. However, this attention does not always translate into higher prices. If there is negative news about a company, we will see both a drop in the stock price and an increase in volume. What is constantly used in my investment strategy is the moving average . What is it? This is the average of the close prices of a selected number of candles, starting with the last one. I use the average of the close values of the last 252 candlesticks. Why this number? The number 252 corresponds to the average number of trading days per year on the NYSE and the NASDAQ. That is, in fact, the average annual moving price . Why is it moving? Because every day there is a new candlestick with a new close value, and it begins a new calculation of the average value of the last 252 daily candlesticks. You can plot the moving average chart on a candlestick chart and see how far the current price has "run away" from the annual average price. I will tell you exactly how to apply this in investing in the next posts, and that's all for today. Finally, I will ask you to reflect on one thought: One who is true to the golden mean will always find something that someone else missed and give it to someone who is afraid to miss it. See you in future posts.
NASDAQ:TSLAEducation
by Be_Capy
5
Japanese Candlesticks: Game of Body and ShadowsSo, in the last post we learned how to build a simple line chart based on the tape. Each point on the chart is defined by coordinates from the time (X scale) and price (Y scale) of a trade. But some stocks are traded at a frequency of hundreds of trades per second, at different prices. The question arises: which trade price to choose from this set? Interval charts were invented to solve this question. The most popular is the Candlestick Chart. They appeared in Japan three hundred years ago, when the Japanese exchanges were trading rice. They were invented by a trader named Homma. Apparently, being tired of drawing a lot of points on charts, he decided that it would be more convenient to show the price change over the time interval. So, what he came up with. Let's take a time frame equal to one hour and plot a 1-hour candle on the basis of the following tape: FB $110 20 lots 12/12/22 12-34-59 FB $115 25 lots 12/12/22 12-56-01 FB $100 10 lots 12/12/22 12-59-12 FB $105 30 lots 12/12/22 12-59-48 A candle consists of a body and upper and lower shadows. Like a float. The body is formed from the open and close prices of a certain time frame. In our case the hour interval is from 12-00-00 till 12-59-59. Only 4 deals were concluded in this time interval. The price of the first deal is $110, which is the opening price of the period or the so-called " open ". The price of the last deal was $105, which is the period closing price or " close ". These two prices are enough to form the body of the candle. Now let us move on to the shadows. The upper shadow is drawn at the maximum price of the interval (115$) and is called " high ". The lower shadow is drawn at the minimum price of the interval ($100) and is called " low ". The shape of our candle is ready. However, it should also have a content, namely the color. What is it for? Let's take a look at another candle. Here we can see where is the high and where is the low. But how do we know which is the open or the close? After all, the open is not always at the bottom of the candlestick body, as in the previous example, it can be at the top. To understand where is the open and where is the close, Homma has invented to paint the body of a candlestick in black, if close is lower than the open, i.e. if the price in the interval is falling (falling candle or bearish candle ). But if close is higher than open, the body of the candle remains white, it will indicate the growth of price during the interval (rising candle or bullish candle ). Sometimes a candlestick has shadows, and the close price is equal to the open price. Then it will look like a cross. This candlestick is called a doji . White and black are the classic colors for the bodies of Japanese candles. However, you can come up with your own colors. If you want the rising candles, for example, to be blue, and the falling orange - you're welcome. The main thing is to make it convenient and understandable for you. So, one candlestick allows us to understand where we had the first trade, the last trade, the price maximum and minimum in a given time frame. But it does not allow us to understand how the price changed within the interval: when the maximum or minimum was reached and what was happening within this price range. But the problem can be easily solved if we switch to a smaller time frame. If we look at the daily candlesticks (this is when the time frame of one candle is equal to one day), and we want to see what was during the day - we switch to the hourly time frame. If we want to see even more details - we switch to 15-minute candles and so on down to the seconds. But you and I will most often use daily timeframes, so as not to be distracted by the fluctuations that occur during the day. To be continued :)
SP:SPXEducation
by Be_Capy
4
The birth of the chart. The evolution of the tapeLast time we studied how the exchange price is formed, and we found out that it is important to learn how to read charts correctly in order to analyze price changes correctly. Let's see how a chart is made and what it can tell us. Everyone who went to school probably remembers: to draw a function, we need the X and Y axes. In stock charts, the X-axis is responsible for the time scale, and the Y-axis is responsible for the price scale. As we already know, a chart is built on the basis of data from a tape. At the previous post , we have produced the following tape: FB $110 20 lots FB $115 5 lots FB $100 10 lots Actually, in addition to ticker, price and volume the tape also fixes time of trade. Let's add this parameter to our tape: FB $110 20 lots 12/08/22 12-34-59 FB $115 5 lots 12/08/22 12-56-01 FB $100 10 lots 12/08/22 12-59-02 That's it. Now this data is enough to put points on the chart. We draw three points, connect them with straight lines and get a chart. At one time, this was enough, because trades on the exchange were not frequent. But now some popular stocks, such as Apple or Google, have hundreds of trades per second with different prices. If the minimum division on the X scale is one second, what price point should we put if there were many trades at different prices in one second? Or let's place all the points at once? We will discuss that in the next post. And now, as a postscript, I want to show you some pictures describing how the tape was born and evolved. Here is a picture of a stock player, looking through a tape with quotations, which is given by a special telegraph machine. Each telegraph machine is connected by wires which, like a spider's web, entangle New York City. 1930's broker's office with several telegraph machines and a quotation board. An employee of the exchange looking through a tape of quotes. It won't be long before all this is replaced by the first computers. We'll continue today's theme soon.
Editors' picks
AMEX:SPYEducation
by Be_Capy
10
Simple Strategy with Good R&R (Works bullish or bearish) 1. identify the trend ; whether up (bullish) or down (bearish) . 2. Identify an impulse move to the up or down side. 3. Watch for a correction from the impulse, then wait for a retest and or bounce of the 800-day ema. 4. Wait for a bullish order block (OB) that closes above the 800-day ema. Then enter on the retest of the 800-day ema and go long or short accordingly. 5. stop loss below the corrections lowest low and take profit at the impulses highest high. This works on all types of assets from AMEX:SPY to FX:EURUSD to BINANCE:BTCUSDT and even CME_MINI:ES1! .
Education
by greg7077
1
Trading Strategies for Capitalizing on the Volatility of OilAs financial market traders, we are always on the lookout for trading strategies that can help us capitalize on market trends and conditions. One such strategy is to take advantage of the volatility of oil prices. Oil is a valuable commodity that is subject to significant price fluctuations. There are several reasons why oil is volatile, including limited supply, high demand, geopolitical instability, and speculation. These factors can cause the price of oil to fluctuate rapidly and often unpredictably, which can create opportunities for traders who are able to anticipate and capitalize on changes in the price of oil. One way to take advantage of the volatility of oil prices is to use a trading strategy known as "contango trading." Contango trading involves buying oil futures contracts and holding them until they mature. When the price of oil is in contango (i.e. when the futures price is higher than the spot price), traders can profit by buying the futures contracts and holding them until they mature. This allows traders to take advantage of the difference between the spot price and the futures price, and can provide an attractive return on investment if the price of oil rises as expected. Another way to take advantage of the volatility of oil prices is to use a trading strategy known as "spread trading." Spread trading involves buying and selling oil futures contracts with different expiration dates. When the price of oil is volatile, the prices of different futures contracts can diverge, creating opportunities for traders to profit by buying and selling these contracts. For example, if a trader expects the price of oil to rise in the short term but fall in the long term, they may choose to buy a short-term futures contract and sell a long-term contract. If their prediction is correct, they could profit from the difference in the prices of the two contracts. Overall, the volatility of oil prices can create opportunities for traders who are able to anticipate and capitalize on changes in the price of oil. By using strategies such as contango trading and spread trading, traders can potentially profit from the volatility of oil prices and generate attractive returns on their investments. In Depth Contango Trading - This strategy is based on the expectation that the price of oil will rise over time, and it is used by traders who want to capitalize on this expected price increase. When the price of oil is in contango, it means that the futures price is higher than the spot price. For example, if the current spot price of oil is $50 per barrel, and the futures price for oil to be delivered in six months is $55 per barrel, then the price of oil is in contango. In this situation, traders who use contango trading would buy the futures contracts and hold them until they mature, hoping to profit from the expected increase in the price of oil. The profit from contango trading is the difference between the spot price and the futures price. In the example above, a trader who buys the futures contract at $55 per barrel and holds it until it matures would make a profit of $5 per barrel if the price of oil remains at $50 per barrel. If the price of oil increases above $55 per barrel, then the trader's profit would be even greater. Contango trading is a risky strategy, as it is based on the expectation that the price of oil will rise over time. If the price of oil does not rise as expected, or if it falls, then traders who use contango trading could suffer significant losses. Additionally, the volatility of oil prices means that it can be difficult to predict the direction of price changes, which can also create risks for traders who use this strategy.
FX:USOILEducation
by JoelWarby
Market order or the hunger games of stock tradingThe previous parts of the post can be found at the links: Part 1 - How is the share price formed on the stock exchange? We do it Part 2 - Bid/Offer: The Yin and Yang of Stock Prices So, let's continue. So why don't we ever see some orders in the order book? Because such orders don't have a price, which means they can't be arranged in a book where all orders are sorted by price. This type of order is used by buyers or sellers who don't want to wait for a counter offer with a suitable price. "But how can you buy or sell something without specifying a price?" - you ask. It turns out it's possible. When you put out an order without specifying a price, the order simply "eats up" the number of lots you need at the prices currently on the books. Such an order is called a " market order ". We can say that the most "hungry" investors who want to satisfy their "hunger" right now use the market order. Remember yourself: when you really want, for example, a cake, you won't stand at the counter and wait for the seller to set the price you want, you'll just buy the cake at the price that's valid at the moment. So, let's imagine that someone sent the following order to the exchange: " to sell FB stocks in the volume of 20 lots". Such an order will not appear in the book, but it will "eat" all bids within 20 lots, starting with the most expensive ones. In our example, there were a total of 15 lots left in the book, so the following concluded trades will be printed in the tape: FB $115 5 lots FB $100 10 lots What will happen to the remaining market order of 5 lots (20-15) that couldn't be filled? The exchange will cancel the order for this remainder, as there are no counter offers in the book. So, let's review what we learned in the current series of posts: - For each company, the exchange maintains its own order book for buying and selling stocks; - A buy order is called a "bid"; - A sell order is called an "offer"; - The order must contain the ticker (abbreviated name of the stock), the direction of the transaction (buy or sell), the price per share and the volume in lots; - The lot size is set by the exchange. It may be equal to 1 share, 100 shares or some other quantity; - All orders in the book are called "limit orders"; - There is a special type of orders, which are called "market orders". They have the following parameters: ticker, trade direction, volume in lots, and have no "price" parameter. - The intersection of buy and sell orders by price creates a trade; - The volume and price of a trade depends on how much volume was "eaten" in the counter offer and at what price; - The trade is recorded in the tape. Each company has its own tape. By the way, our book became empty because all limit orders were filled and no new ones came in. As a result, we have a tape of three trades. The trades are recorded in the tape according to when they were made: FB $110 20 lots FB $115 5 lots FB $100 10 lots So, when you see a flashing stock price somewhere, like in the broker's app, know that it's the last trade in the tape as of the current second. Or if you hear that Tesla stock has reached $2,000 a share, that means that there's a $2,000-a-share deal imprinted in the Tesla tape. To show how the stock price has changed over time, a chart is made based on the prices of the trades and when they were made. At its core, a chart is a demonstration of how the stock tape has changed over time. Knowing how to read a price chart is a basic skill that you will use as you invest. I will tell you how to read charts at our next meeting.
NASDAQ:AAPLEducation
by Be_Capy