CandlestickPatternsLibrary "CandlestickPatterns"
zigzag(_low, _high, depth, deviation, backstep)
Parameters:
_low (float)
_high (float)
depth (int)
deviation (int)
backstep (int)
getTrend(trendType, currentClose, zz_downtrend, zz_uptrend, ema14, ema28)
Parameters:
trendType (string)
currentClose (float)
zz_downtrend (bool)
zz_uptrend (bool)
ema14 (float)
ema28 (float)
isInside(currentHigh, currentLow, currentClose, currentOpen, prevHigh, prevLow)
Parameters:
currentHigh (float)
currentLow (float)
currentClose (float)
currentOpen (float)
prevHigh (float)
prevLow (float)
checkMorningStar(open0, high0, low0, close0, open1, high1, low1, close1, open2, high2, low2, close2, innerCandleThreshold, closingMinThreshold, closingMaxThreshold, useDojiFilter, dojiSize, downTrend)
Parameters:
open0 (float)
high0 (float)
low0 (float)
close0 (float)
open1 (float)
high1 (float)
low1 (float)
close1 (float)
open2 (float)
high2 (float)
low2 (float)
close2 (float)
innerCandleThreshold (float)
closingMinThreshold (float)
closingMaxThreshold (float)
useDojiFilter (bool)
dojiSize (float)
downTrend (bool)
checkEveningStar(open0, high0, low0, close0, open1, high1, low1, close1, open2, high2, low2, close2, innerCandleThreshold, closingMinThreshold, closingMaxThreshold, useDojiFilter, dojiSize, upTrend)
Parameters:
open0 (float)
high0 (float)
low0 (float)
close0 (float)
open1 (float)
high1 (float)
low1 (float)
close1 (float)
open2 (float)
high2 (float)
low2 (float)
close2 (float)
innerCandleThreshold (float)
closingMinThreshold (float)
closingMaxThreshold (float)
useDojiFilter (bool)
dojiSize (float)
upTrend (bool)
checkHammerPattern(open, high, low, close, bodyAvg, shadowFactor, downTrend)
Parameters:
open (float)
high (float)
low (float)
close (float)
bodyAvg (float)
shadowFactor (float)
downTrend (bool)
checkInvertedHammerPattern(open, high, low, close, bodyAvg, shadowFactor, downTrend)
Parameters:
open (float)
high (float)
low (float)
close (float)
bodyAvg (float)
shadowFactor (float)
downTrend (bool)
checkHangingManPattern(open, high, low, close, bodyAvg, shadowFactor, upTrend)
Parameters:
open (float)
high (float)
low (float)
close (float)
bodyAvg (float)
shadowFactor (float)
upTrend (bool)
checkShootingStarPattern(open, high, low, close, bodyAvg, shadowFactor, upTrend)
Parameters:
open (float)
high (float)
low (float)
close (float)
bodyAvg (float)
shadowFactor (float)
upTrend (bool)
checkLevels(high0, high1, high2, low0, low1, low2, lookbackPeriod)
Parameters:
high0 (float)
high1 (float)
high2 (float)
low0 (float)
low1 (float)
low2 (float)
lookbackPeriod (int)
Indicators and strategies
Ultimate SMC [smart-money-indicators] This indicator is a tool to support the "SMC" strategy.
This indicator does not provide entry or exit signals.
This indicator is a tool to mark key price areas.
This indicator is a tool to mark key time areas.
This indicator is particularly distinguished by its high customizability of tools,
setting it apart from the indicators currently available on the TradingView platform.
Moreover, unlike other "SMC indicators," this one does NOT use pivot points to identify Change of Character (ChoCh) or Break of Structure (BoS).
The following key areas are marked with lines or boxes:
Structure Breaks:
- Bearish Change of Character
- Bearish Break of Structure
- Bullish Change of Character
- Bullish Break of Structure
Premium/Discount Zone:
- Premium/Discount area of the current range, since the last ChoCh or BoS
Potential Buy/Sell Zones (including historical or mitigated):
- Bullish orderblocks
- Bearish orderblocks
Momentum Indicators:
- Bullish Fair Value Gaps
- Bearish Fair Value Gaps
How can I use or interpret these areas?
Structure Breaks:
- If the indicator shows bullish structure breaks in the form of ChoCh or BoS, it indicates a bullish trend.
- If the indicator shows bearish structure breaks in the form of ChoCh or BoS, it indicates a bearish trend.
Premium/Discount Zone:
- If the price is in the premium zone, it indicates that the current price is "expensive," and you should look for sell signals.
- If the price is in the discount zone, it indicates that the current price is "cheap," and you should look for buy signals.
Order Blocks:
- Bearish order blocks indicate strong selling pressure in that area, and you can look for sell signals.
- Bullish order blocks indicate strong buying pressure in that area, and you can look for buy signals.
Momentum Indicators:
- Bullish Fair Value Gaps that form after the creation of an order block may indicate strong buying pressure and confirm a bullish trend.
- Bearish Fair Value Gaps that form after the creation of an order block may indicate strong selling pressure and confirm a bearish trend.
Future Trend Channel [ChartPrime]The Future Trend Channel indicator is a dynamic tool for identifying trends and projecting future prices based on channel formations. The indicator uses SMA (Simple Moving Average) and volatility calculations to plot channels that visually represent trends. It also detects moments of lower momentum, indicated by neutral color changes in the channels, and projects future price levels for up to 50 bars ahead.
⯁ KEY FEATURES AND HOW TO USE
⯌ Dynamic Trend Channels :
The indicator draws channels when a trend is identified. It uses a combination of SMA and volatility to determine the direction and strength of the trend. Each channel is visualized with a specific color, where green indicates an uptrend and orange represents a downtrend.
Example of channels during uptrend and downtrend:
⯌ Momentum-Based Color Shifts :
The indicator adapts its channel colors based on momentum changes. When the starting point (Y1) of a channel is higher than its ending point (Y2) during an uptrend, the channel turns neutral, indicating lower momentum and a possible ranging market. The same applies in a downtrend, where the channel turns neutral if Y1 is lower than Y2.
Example of neutral momentum channels:
⯌ Future Price Projection :
At the end of each channel, the indicator generates a projected future price based on the midpoint of the channel. By default, this projection is made 50 bars into the future, but users can adjust the number of bars to their preference.
Example of future price projection:
⯌ Diamond Signals for Valid Trends :
Lime-colored diamonds appear when an uptrend channel is confirmed, while orange diamonds indicate valid downtrend channels. These signals confirm the presence of a strong trend and help identify valid entry and exit points. Neutral channels, which indicate lower momentum, do not show diamond signals.
Example of trend confirmation signals:
⯌ Customizable Settings :
Users can adjust the channel length (how far back the trend is analyzed) and the width (which determines the channel boundaries based on volatility). The future price projection can also be customized to forecast further or fewer bars into the future.
⯁ USER INPUTS
Trend Length : Sets the number of bars used to calculate the trend channels.
Channel Width : Adjusts the width of the channels, based on volatility (ATR multiplier).
Up and Down Colors : Allows customization of the colors used for uptrend and downtrend channels.
Future Bars : Sets the number of bars used for future price projection.
⯁ CONCLUSION
The Future Trend Channel indicator is a versatile tool for identifying and trading trends. With its ability to detect momentum shifts and project future prices, it provides traders with key insights for making more informed decisions. The use of diamond signals for trend validation adds an extra layer of confirmation, helping traders act with greater confidence during volatile or trending markets.
Ultimate ICT [smart-money-indicators]This indicator is a tool to support the "ICT" strategy.
This indicator does not provide entry or exit signals.
This indicator is a tool to mark key price areas.
This indicator is a tool to mark key time areas.
This indicator is particularly distinguished by its high customizability of tools,
setting it apart from the indicators currently available on the TradingView platform.
The following key areas are marked with the help of lines, boxes, background color, or plots:
Time Separators:
- Monthly separator
- Weekly separator
- Daily separator
Liquidity Zones:
- Daily highs/lows
- Weekly highs/lows
- Monthly highs/lows
- Asia Session (during or after the session)
- London Session (during or after the session)
- New York Session (during or after the session)
- London Close Session (during or after the session)
- Session Quarters
- Central Banks Dealer Range
Opening Prices/Average Prices:
- Weekly opening price
- New Week Open Gap
- Daily opening price
- Premium/Discount zone of the day (50% line)
- New York Midnight Open price
- New York Session Open price
Manipulation Times:
- 3 Silver Bullet times
- Macros
How can I use or interpret these areas?
Liquidity Zones:
The liquidity zones used here are time-based.
Liquidity zones can be used, depending on the reaction, either to confirm the continuation of the current trend
or as a signal for a reversal of the current trend.
Opening Prices/Average Prices:
These can be used as separators between the premium and discount zones.
If the price is below one of these values, you are in the discount zone and might look for buy signals.
If the price is above one of these values, you are in the premium zone and might look for sell signals.
Target Trend [BigBeluga]The Target Trend indicator is a trend-following tool designed to assist traders in capturing directional moves while managing entry, stop loss, and profit targets visually on the chart. Using adaptive SMA bands as the core trend detection method, this indicator dynamically identifies shifts in trend direction and provides structured exit points through customizable target levels.
SP500:
🔵 IDEA
The Target Trend indicator’s concept is to simplify trade management by providing automated visual cues for entries, stops, and targets directly on the chart. When a trend change is detected, the indicator prints an up or down triangle to signal entry direction, plots three customizable target levels for potential exits, and calculates a stop-loss level below or above the entry point. The indicator continuously adapts as price moves, making it easier for traders to follow and manage trades in real time.
When price crosses a target level, the label changes to a check mark, confirming that the target has been achieved. Similarly, if the stop-loss level is hit, the label changes to an "X," and the line becomes dashed, indicating that the stop loss has been activated. This feature provides traders with a clear visual trail of whether their targets or stop loss have been hit, allowing for easier trade tracking and exit strategy management.
🔵 KEY FEATURES & USAGE
SMA Bands for Trend Detection: The indicator uses adaptive SMA bands to identify the trend direction. When price crosses above or below these bands, a new trend is detected, triggering entry signals. The entry point is marked on the chart with a triangle symbol, which updates with each new trend change.
Automated Targets and Stop Loss Management: Upon a new trend signal, the indicator automatically plots three price targets and a stop loss level. These levels provide traders with structured exit points for potential gains and a clear risk limit. The stop loss is placed below or above the entry point, depending on the trend direction, to manage downside risk effectively.
Visual Target and Stop Loss Validation: As price hits each target, the label beside the level updates to a check mark, indicating that the target has been reached. Similarly, if the stop loss is activated, the stop loss label changes to an "X," and the line becomes dashed. This feature visually confirms whether targets or stop losses are hit, simplifying trade management.
The indicator also marks the entry price at each trend change with a label on the chart, allowing traders to quickly see their initial entry point relative to current price and target levels.
🔵 CUSTOMIZATION
Trend Length: Set the lookback period for the trend-detection SMA bands to adjust the sensitivity to trend changes.
Targets Setting: Customize the number and spacing of the targets to fit your trading style and market conditions.
Visual Styles: Adjust the appearance of labels, lines, and symbols on the chart for a clearer view and personalized layout.
🔵 CONCLUSION
The Target Trend indicator offers a streamlined approach to trend trading by integrating entry, target, and stop loss management into a single visual tool. With automatic tracking of target levels and stop loss hits, it helps traders stay focused on the current trend while keeping track of risk and reward with minimal effort.
VWAP Stdev Bands Strategy (Long Only)The VWAP Stdev Bands Strategy (Long Only) is designed to identify potential long entry points in trending markets by utilizing the Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) and standard deviation bands. This strategy focuses on capturing upward price movements, leveraging statistical measures to determine optimal buy conditions.
Key Features:
VWAP Calculation: The strategy calculates the VWAP, which represents the average price a security has traded at throughout the day, weighted by volume. This is an essential indicator for determining the overall market trend.
Standard Deviation Bands: Two bands are created above and below the VWAP, calculated using specified standard deviations. These bands act as dynamic support and resistance levels, providing insight into price volatility and potential reversal points.
Trading Logic:
Long Entry Condition: A long position is triggered when the price crosses below the lower standard deviation band and then closes above it, signaling a potential price reversal to the upside.
Profit Target: The strategy allows users to set a predefined profit target, closing the long position once the specified target is reached.
Time Gap Between Orders: A customizable time gap can be specified to prevent multiple orders from being placed in quick succession, allowing for a more controlled trading approach.
Visualization: The VWAP and standard deviation bands are plotted on the chart with distinct colors, enabling traders to visually assess market conditions. The strategy also provides optional plotting of the previous day's VWAP for added context.
Use Cases:
Ideal for traders looking to engage in long-only positions within trending markets.
Suitable for intraday trading strategies or longer-term approaches based on market volatility.
Customization Options:
Users can adjust the standard deviation values, profit target, and time gap to tailor the strategy to their specific trading style and market conditions.
Note: As with any trading strategy, it is important to conduct thorough backtesting and analysis before live trading. Market conditions can change, and past performance does not guarantee future results.
Dynamic Market Correlation Analyzer (DMCA) v1.0Description
The Dynamic Market Correlation Analyzer (DMCA) is an advanced TradingView indicator designed to provide real-time correlation analysis between multiple assets. It offers a comprehensive view of market relationships through correlation coefficients, technical indicators, and visual representations.
Key Features
- Multi-asset correlation tracking (up to 5 symbols)
- Dynamic correlation strength categorization
- Integrated technical indicators (RSI, MACD, DX)
- Customizable visualization options
- Real-time price change monitoring
- Flexible timeframe selection
## Use Cases
1. **Portfolio Diversification**
- Identify highly correlated assets to avoid concentration risk
- Find negatively correlated assets for hedging strategies
- Monitor correlation changes during market events
2. Pairs Trading
- Detect correlation breakdowns for potential trading opportunities
- Track correlation strength for pair selection
- Monitor technical indicators for trade timing
3. Risk Management
- Assess portfolio correlation risk in real-time
- Monitor correlation shifts during market stress
- Identify potential portfolio vulnerabilities
4. **Market Analysis**
- Study sector relationships and rotations
- Analyze cross-asset correlations (e.g., stocks vs. commodities)
- Track market regime changes through correlation patterns
Components
Input Parameters
- **Timeframe**: Custom timeframe selection for analysis
- **Length**: Correlation calculation period (default: 20)
- **Source**: Price data source selection
- **Symbol Selection**: Up to 5 customizable symbols
- **Display Options**: Table position, text color, and size settings
Technical Indicators
1. **Correlation Coefficient**
- Range: -1 to +1
- Strength categories: Strong/Moderate/Weak (Positive/Negative)
2. **RSI (Relative Strength Index)**
- 14-period default setting
- Momentum comparison across assets
3. **MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence)**
- Standard settings (12, 26, 9)
- Trend direction indicator
4. **DX (Directional Index)**
- Trend strength measurement
- Based on DMI calculations
Visual Components
1. **Correlation Table**
- Symbol identifiers
- Correlation coefficients
- Correlation strength descriptions
- Price change percentages
- Technical indicator values
2. **Correlation Plot**
- Real-time correlation visualization
- Multiple correlation lines
- Reference levels at -1, 0, and +1
- Color-coded for easy identification
Installation and Setup
1. Load the indicator on TradingView
2. Configure desired symbols (up to 5)
3. Adjust timeframe and calculation length
4. Customize display settings
5. Enable/disable desired components (table, plot, RSI)
Best Practices
1. **Symbol Selection**
- Choose related but distinct assets
- Include a mix of asset classes
- Consider market cap and liquidity
2. **Timeframe Selection**
- Match timeframe to trading strategy
- Consider longer timeframes for strategic analysis
- Use shorter timeframes for tactical decisions
3. **Interpretation**
- Monitor correlation changes over time
- Consider multiple timeframes
- Combine with other technical analysis tools
- Account for market conditions and volatility
Performance Notes
- Calculations update in real-time
- Resource usage scales with number of active symbols
- Historical data availability may affect initial calculations
Version History
- v1.0: Initial release with core functionality
- Multi-symbol correlation analysis
- Technical indicator integration
- Customizable display options
Future Enhancements (Planned)
- Additional technical indicators
- Advanced correlation algorithms
- Enhanced visualization options
- Custom alert conditions
- Statistical significance testing
ROCnRollThe ROCnRoll indicator can be used on any asset and aims to generate bullish or bearish signals based on market trends, assisting investors in making buy or sell decisions.
This technical indicator combines two well-known and complementary indicators:
The Rate of Change (ROC)
The Exponential Moving Average (EMA)
With these two tools, the ROCnRoll indicator accurately, precisely, and flexibly reflects the volatility of the analyzed asset prices.
Fibonacci + RSI Trading Strategy with Fibonacci Extensions (M15)
This script combines Fibonacci levels and custom RSI thresholds to provide a comprehensive analysis of potential reversal zones under specific market conditions. It is designed to work exclusively on 15-minute (M15) charts, delivering signals based on defined configurations and time-based conditions.
### Key Features:
1. **RSI Indicator with Custom Thresholds**:
- The script uses an RSI (Relative Strength Index) with custom thresholds of 75 for overbought and 20 for oversold.
- It also includes overbought and oversold confirmations over a 30-minute period (i.e., 2 M15 bars), with RSI values of 70 and 30, respectively, to strengthen signal validity.
2. **Fibonacci Levels and Extensions**:
- The script calculates Fibonacci retracement levels (0%, 23.6%, 38.2%, 50%, 61.8%, 78.6%, and 100%) based on the last 50 bars.
- Fibonacci extensions are also plotted at the 1.618 and 2.618 levels, providing additional zones for continuation or potential reversals.
3. **Buy and Sell Signals**:
- A **buy signal** is generated when the RSI is below 20, the RSI remains below 30 for at least 30 minutes, and the price reaches the 61.8% Fibonacci level.
- A **sell signal** is generated when the RSI is above 75, the RSI remains above 70 for at least 30 minutes, and the price reaches the 50% Fibonacci level.
- These conditions enable a targeted approach to capture potential trend reversals.
4. **Display and Plotting**:
- Fibonacci levels are plotted on the chart in different colors to distinguish them, with key levels (50%) in red and entry levels (61.8%) in green.
- Extensions are displayed in yellow to indicate potential continuation levels.
- Buy and sell signals are marked with "BUY" and "SELL" icons above or below bars when the conditions are met.
- The RSI is also shown in a sub-window to track its values relative to thresholds.
### Usage:
This script is designed for scalping or swing trading on M15 charts. Users can adjust RSI thresholds to fine-tune the conditions to suit their trading style. The script offers multi-criteria analysis based on key Fibonacci levels and time-based RSI confirmations to support potential entry and exit points.
[Volatility] [Gain & Loss] - OverviewFX:EURUSD
Indicator Overview: Volatility & Gain/Loss - Forex Pair Analysis
This indicator, " —Overview" , is designed for users interested in analyzing the volatility and gain/loss metrics of multiple forex pairs. The tool is especially useful for traders aiming to assess currency pair volatility alongside gain and loss percentages over selected periods. It enables a clearer understanding of pair behavior and aids in decision-making.
Key Features
Customizable Volatility and Gain/Loss Periods : Define your preferred calculation periods and timeframes for both volatility and gain/loss to tailor the indicator to specific trading strategies. Multi-Pair Analysis : This indicator supports up to six forex pairs (default pairs include EURUSD, GBPUSD, USDJPY, USDCHF, AUDUSD, and USDCAD) and allows you to adjust these pairs as needed. Visual Ranking : Forex pairs are sorted by volatility, displaying the highest pairs at the top for quick reference. Top Gain/Loss Highlighting : The pair with the maximum gain and the pair with the maximum loss are highlighted in the table, making it easy to identify the best and worst performers at a glance.
Indicator Settings
Volatility Settings : Period : Adjust the number of periods used in the ATR (Average True Range) calculation. A default period of 14 is set. Timeframe : Select a timeframe (e.g., Daily, Weekly) for volatility calculation to match your analysis preference.
Gain/Loss Settings : Period : Choose the number of periods for gain/loss calculation. The default is set to 1. Timeframe : Select the timeframe for gain/loss calculation, independent of the volatility timeframe.
Symbol Selection : Configure up to six forex pairs. By default, popular forex pairs are pre-loaded but can be customized to include other currency pairs.
Output and Visualization
Table Display : This indicator displays data in a neatly structured table positioned in the top-right corner of your chart. Columns : Includes columns for the Forex Pair, Volatility Percentage, Gain Percentage, and Loss Percentage. Color Coding : Volatility is displayed in a standard color for clear readability. Gain values are highlighted in green, and Loss values are highlighted in red, allowing for quick visual differentiation. Highlighting : Rows representing the pair with the highest gain and the pair with the most significant loss are especially highlighted for emphasis.
How to Use
Volatility Analysis : This metric gives insight into the average price range movements for each pair over the specified period and timeframe, helping you evaluate the potential for rapid price changes. Gain/Loss Tracking : Gain or loss percentages show the pair's recent performance, allowing you to observe whether a currency pair is trending positively or negatively over the chosen period. Comparative Pair Ranking : Use the table to identify pairs with the highest volatility and extremes in gain or loss to guide trading decisions based on market conditions.
Ideal For
Swing Traders and Day Traders looking to understand short-term market fluctuations in currency pairs. Risk Management : Helps traders gauge pairs with higher risk (volatility) and recent performance (gain/loss) for informed position sizing and risk control.
This indicator is a comprehensive tool for visualizing and analyzing key forex pairs, making it an essential addition for traders looking to stay updated on volatility trends and recent price changes.
AutoCorrelation Test [OmegaTools]Overview
The AutoCorrelation Test indicator is designed to analyze the correlation patterns of a financial asset over a specified period. This tool can help traders identify potential predictive patterns by measuring the relationship between sequential returns, effectively assessing the autocorrelation of price movements.
Autocorrelation analysis is useful in identifying the consistency of directional trends (upward or downward) and potential cyclical behavior. This indicator provides an insight into whether recent price movements are likely to continue in a similar direction (positive correlation) or reverse (negative correlation).
Key Features
Multi-Period Autocorrelation: The indicator calculates autocorrelation across three periods, offering a granular view of price movement consistency over time.
Customizable Length & Sensitivity: Adjustable parameters allow users to tailor the length of analysis and sensitivity for detecting correlation.
Visual Aids: Three separate autocorrelation plots are displayed, along with an average correlation line. Dotted horizontal lines mark the thresholds for positive and negative correlation, helping users quickly assess potential trend continuation or reversal.
Interpretive Table: A table summarizing correlation status for each period helps traders make quick, informed decisions without needing to interpret the plot details directly.
Parameters
Source: Defines the price source (default: close) for calculating autocorrelation.
Length: Sets the analysis period, ranging from 10 to 2000 (default: 200).
Sensitivity: Adjusts the threshold sensitivity for defining correlation as positive or negative (default: 2.5).
Interpretation
Above 50 + Sensitivity: Indicates Positive Correlation. The price movements over the selected period are likely to continue in the same direction, potentially signaling a trend continuation.
Below 50 - Sensitivity: Indicates Negative Correlation. The price movements show a likelihood of reversing, which could signal an upcoming trend reversal.
Between 50 ± Sensitivity: Indicates No Correlation. Price movements are less predictable in direction, with no clear trend continuation or reversal tendency.
How It Works
The indicator calculates the logarithmic returns of the selected source price over each length period.
It then compares returns over consecutive periods, categorizing them as either "winning" (consistent direction) or "losing" (inconsistent direction) movements.
The result for each period is displayed as a percentage, with values above 50% indicating a higher degree of directional consistency (positive or negative).
A table updates with descriptive labels (Positive Correlation, Negative Correlation, No Correlation) for each tested period, providing a quick overview.
Visual Elements
Plots:
AutoCorrelation Test : Displays autocorrelation for the closest period (lag 1).
AutoCorrelation Test : Displays autocorrelation for the second period (lag 2).
AutoCorrelation Test : Displays autocorrelation for the third period (lag 3).
Average: Displays the simple moving average of the three test periods for a smoothed view of overall correlation trends.
Horizontal Lines:
No Correlation (50%): A baseline indicating neutral correlation.
Positive/Negative Correlation Thresholds: Dotted lines set at 50 ± Sensitivity, marking the thresholds for significant correlation.
Usage Guide
Adjust Parameters:
Select the Source to define which price metric (e.g., close, open) will be analyzed.
Set the Length based on your preferred analysis window (e.g., shorter for intraday trends, longer for swing trading).
Modify Sensitivity to fine-tune the thresholds based on market volatility and personal trading preference.
Interpret Table and Plots:
Use the table to quickly check the correlation status of each lag period.
Analyze the plots for changes in correlation. If multiple lags show positive correlation above the sensitivity threshold, a trend continuation may be expected. Conversely, negative values suggest a potential reversal.
Integrate with Other Indicators:
For enhanced insights, consider using the AutoCorrelation Test indicator in conjunction with other trend or momentum indicators.
This indicator offers a powerful method to assess market conditions, identify potential trend continuations or reversals, and better inform trading decisions. Its customization options provide flexibility for various trading styles and timeframes.
Moving AveragesWhile this "Moving Averages" indicator may not revolutionize technical analysis, it certainly offers a valuable and efficient solution for traders seeking to streamline their chart analysis process. This all-in-one tool addresses a common frustration among traders: the need to constantly search for and compare different types and lengths of moving averages.
Key Features
The indicator allows for the configuration of up to 5 moving averages simultaneously, providing a comprehensive view of price trends. Users can choose from 7 types of moving averages for each line, including SMA, EMA, WMA, VWMA, HMA, SMMA, and TMA. This variety ensures that traders can apply their preferred moving average types without the need for multiple indicators.
Each moving average can be fully customized in terms of length, color, line style, and thickness, allowing for clear visual differentiation. However, what sets this indicator apart is its "Smart Opacity" feature. When activated, this option dynamically adjusts the transparency of the moving average lines based on their direction, with ascending lines appearing more opaque and descending lines more transparent. This subtle yet effective visual cue aids in quickly identifying trend changes and potential trading signals.
Advantages
The primary benefit of this indicator lies in its convenience. By consolidating multiple moving averages into a single, customizable tool, it saves traders valuable time and reduces chart clutter. The Smart Opacity feature, while not groundbreaking, does offer an intuitive way to visualize trend strength and direction at a glance.
Moreover, the indicator's flexibility makes it suitable for various trading styles and experience levels. Whether you're a novice trader learning to interpret basic trend signals or an experienced analyst fine-tuning a complex strategy, this tool can adapt to your needs.
In conclusion, while this "Moving Averages" indicator may not be a game-changer in the world of technical analysis, it represents a thoughtful refinement of a fundamental trading tool. By focusing on user convenience and visual clarity, it offers a practical solution for traders looking to optimize their chart analysis process and make more informed trading decisions.
DeNoised Momentum [OmegaTools]The DeNoised Momentum by OmegaTools is a versatile tool designed to help traders evaluate momentum, acceleration, and noise-reduction levels in price movements. Using advanced mathematical smoothing techniques, this script provides a "de-noised" view of momentum by applying filters to reduce market noise. This helps traders gain insights into the strength and direction of price trends without the distractions of market volatility. Key components include a DeNoised Moving Average (MA), a Momentum line, and Acceleration bars to identify trend shifts more clearly.
Features:
- Momentum Line: Measures the percentage change of the de-noised source price over a specified look-back period, providing insights into trend direction.
- Acceleration (Ret) Bars: Visualizes the rate of change of the source price, helping traders identify momentum shifts.
- Normal and DeNoised Moving Averages: Two moving averages, one based on close price (Normal MA) and the other on de-noised data (DeNoised MA), enable a comparison of smoothed trends versus typical price movements.
- DeNoised Price Data Plot: Displays the current de-noised price, color-coded to indicate the relationship between the Normal and DeNoised MAs, which highlights bullish or bearish conditions.
Script Inputs:
- Length (lnt): Sets the period for calculations (default: 21). It influences the sensitivity of the momentum and moving averages. Higher values will smooth the indicator further, while lower values increase sensitivity to price changes.
The Length does not change the formula of the DeNoised Price Data, it only affects the indicators calculated on it.
Indicator Components:
1. Momentum (Blue/Red Line):
- Calculated using the log of the percentage change over the specified period.
- Blue color indicates positive momentum; red indicates negative momentum.
2. Acceleration (Gray Columns):
- Measures the short-term rate of change in momentum, shown as semi-transparent gray columns.
3. Moving Averages:
- Normal MA (Purple): A standard simple moving average (SMA) based on the close price over the selected period.
- DeNoised MA (Gray): An SMA of the de-noised source, reducing the effect of market noise.
4. DeNoised Price Data:
- Represented as colored circles, with blue indicating that the Normal MA is above the DeNoised MA (bullish) and red indicating the opposite (bearish).
Usage Guide:
1. Trend Identification:
- Use the Momentum line to assess overall trend direction. Positive values indicate upward momentum, while negative values signal downward momentum.
- Compare the Normal and DeNoised MAs: when the Normal MA is above the DeNoised MA, it indicates a bullish trend, and vice versa for bearish trends.
2. Entry and Exit Signals:
- A change in the Momentum line's color from blue to red (or vice versa) may indicate potential entry or exit points.
- Observe the DeNoised Price Data circles for early signs of a trend reversal based on the interaction between the Normal and DeNoised MAs.
3. Volatility and Noise Reduction:
- By utilizing the DeNoised MA and de-noised price data, this indicator helps filter out minor fluctuations and focus on larger price movements, improving decision-making in volatile markets.
FMS Suite [KFB Quant]FMS Suite
Overview
The FMS Suite is a powerful and adaptive trend and momentum analysis tool that leverages multiple technical indicators to deliver a comprehensive signal for market direction. This suite combines the strengths of the Aroon, DMI, RSI, Supertrend, and Trix indicators, offering traders a well-rounded perspective on market trends.
How It Works
The FMS Suite integrates five essential components to assess market behavior:
Aroon Indicator : Detects trend strength and direction by analyzing the frequency of recent highs and lows over multiple timeframes. Directional Movement Index (DMI) : Measures the direction and strength of trends, with an ADX component for better trend assessment. Relative Strength Index (RSI) : Evaluates market momentum by indicating overbought or oversold conditions, with signals derived from the 50-line. Supertrend : Utilizes ATR-based volatility measures to establish dynamic support and resistance levels, signaling potential trend changes. Trix : A triple-smoothed EMA oscillator that highlights trend reversals using rate-of-change dynamics.
Each component is calculated across three separate timeframes (fast, medium, and slow), which are then averaged to produce a final FMS Signal . Users can also apply signal smoothing to reduce noise and enhance clarity.
Key Features
Customizable Parameters : Adjust the lengths for each component (fast, medium, slow) to optimize the indicator's responsiveness to different markets. Signal Smoothing Options : Select from various smoothing methods, including SMA, EMA, DEMA, and WMA, to fine-tune the FMS signal. Visual Representation : The FMS Suite plots a histogram representing the raw signal and a smoother line for clearer trend visualization. The background color shifts dynamically to indicate long, short, or neutral conditions. Threshold-Based Alerts : Set your own long and short thresholds, tailoring the indicator to your trading strategy and market outlook. Informative Table Display : An integrated table provides an at-a-glance summary of the current FMS and smoothed FMS signals, along with their respective scores and market state.
How to Use
Trend Confirmation : Utilize the FMS histogram and smoothed signal to validate or challenge existing trend assumptions. Trade Entries and Exits : Identify potential buy (long) or sell (short) signals based on the relationship between the FMS signal and predefined thresholds. Strategy Customization : Fine-tune the indicator settings to align with your trading style, whether it’s short-term scalping or long-term trend following.
Important Considerations
Not Predictive : The FMS Suite does not predict future price movements and should be used in conjunction with other analysis methods. It is based on historical price data, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Settings and Backtesting : Experiment with different lengths and smoothing techniques to optimize performance for specific instruments and market conditions. Always backtest thoroughly.
Disclaimer: This tool is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be considered as financial advice. Always conduct your own research and consult with a licensed financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
RSI Swing Indicator with 200 EMAThis indicator combines a custom RSI-based swing indicator with a 200-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) to help identify potential reversal points and confirm trend direction.
RSI Swing Indicator: It uses RSI to detect overbought and oversold conditions. When RSI reaches these extreme levels, the indicator marks "swing points" on the chart, with labels showing "HH" (Higher High) or "LH" (Lower High) for overbought and "LL" (Lower Low) or "HL" (Higher Low) for oversold, based on recent price action.
200 EMA: The 200 EMA provides a long-term trend filter. Generally, prices above the 200 EMA suggest an uptrend, while prices below indicate a downtrend. This helps traders decide whether to take trades in the direction of the larger trend.
Ido strategy RSI Oversold with MACD Buy Signal Indicator
This indicator combines the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) to help identify potential buy signals based on oversold conditions and trend reversals. This script is designed for traders looking to identify entry points when an asset is likely undervalued (oversold) and showing bullish momentum.
How It Works
RSI Oversold Detection: The RSI measures the speed and change of price movements. This indicator flags when the RSI falls below 30, signaling that the asset may be oversold. The user can customize the RSI lookback period and the timeframe within which oversold conditions are considered relevant.
MACD Crossover: The MACD line crossing above the Signal line often indicates a shift to bullish momentum. In this script, a buy signal is generated when a MACD bullish crossover occurs after an RSI oversold condition has been met within a user-defined lookback window.
Buy Signal: A green triangle appears below the price chart each time both conditions are met—when the RSI has recently been in oversold territory and the MACD line crosses above the Signal line. This signal suggests that the asset may be positioned for a potential upward trend, providing a visual cue for entry points.
Customizable Settings
RSI Settings: Adjust the RSI source and period length.
MACD Settings: Customize the fast, slow, and signal lengths of the MACD to suit different market conditions.
Lookback Period: Define how many bars back to check for an RSI oversold condition before confirming a MACD crossover.
Visual Elements
Oversold Background Color: The background on the price chart is shaded red whenever the RSI is below 30.
Buy Signal: A green triangle is displayed on the chart to indicate a potential entry point when both conditions are met.
Alerts
This indicator includes optional alerts, allowing traders to receive notifications whenever the conditions for a buy signal are met, making it easier to monitor multiple assets and stay informed of trading opportunities.
This indicator is ideal for traders using a combination of momentum and trend reversal strategies, especially in volatile markets where oversold conditions often precede a trend change.
RSI with Short and Long EMAIntroduction
This indicator overlays two Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) directly onto the Relative Strength Index (RSI) to help traders identify momentum changes and potential trend shifts. The RSI (Relative Strength Index) is a popular momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements, generally used to spot overbought and oversold levels. Adding EMAs on top of the RSI can provide additional insight into RSI trends, smoothing out fluctuations and helping to identify crossovers that indicate potential buy or sell signals.
In this indicator:
Short EMA (default 20-period) is plotted on the RSI to track shorter-term momentum shifts within the RSI.
Long EMA (default 50-period) is used to track longer-term momentum within the RSI, providing a comparison for the shorter EMA.
How to Use
RSI Momentum: The RSI itself, plotted as a blue line, moves between 0 and 100, with 70 and 30 commonly representing overbought and oversold levels. When RSI is above 70, it signals potential overbought conditions, while below 30 signals oversold conditions.
Crossovers:
Bullish Signal: When the Short EMA (green line) crosses above the Long EMA (red line), it suggests increasing momentum and may signal a potential buying opportunity.
Bearish Signal: When the Short EMA crosses below the Long EMA, it indicates decreasing momentum and may signal a potential selling opportunity.
Confirming Trends:
When the RSI is above both EMAs, it often confirms an uptrend in momentum.
Conversely, when the RSI is below both EMAs, it may indicate a downtrend.
Overbought/Oversold Confirmation:
In overbought conditions (RSI > 70), watch for the Short EMA to cross below the Long EMA to confirm a potential pullback.
In oversold conditions (RSI < 30), look for the Short EMA to cross above the Long EMA to signal a potential recovery.
By analyzing these crossovers along with the RSI levels, you can gain insights into trend strength and potential reversals. This indicator is particularly useful for spotting early signs of a trend shift before price action reflects it.
Fibonacci Moving Average PlusFibonacci Moving Average Plus is a sophisticated technical indicator that employs the first 15 numbers of the Fibonacci sequence to create dynamic moving average channels. This indicator aims to capture both immediate and long-term price movements by calculating Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) based on these Fibonacci values. By using Fibonacci-based moving averages for both high and low price points, the indicator generates a visual channel that reflects the ebb and flow of market trends, acting as potential zones of support and resistance. Additionally, the indicator provides midline, retracement, and extension levels rooted in Fibonacci ratios, which are frequently observed as key levels for reversals or trend continuation.
Ideology Behind Using Fibonacci Sequence-Based Moving Averages
The Fibonacci sequence, known for its mathematical harmony and prevalence in natural patterns, is widely utilized in technical analysis to identify potential turning points in markets. In this indicator, the first 15 Fibonacci numbers (5, 8, 13, 21, etc.) are used as the lookback periods for EMAs to capture different layers of market sentiment. These moving averages represent timeframes that are theoretically in alignment with the natural rhythms of market cycles, where key levels—often coinciding with Fibonacci numbers—can act as magnetic points for price.
The Fibonacci high and low channels aim to encapsulate price action, giving traders a sense of whether the market is trending, consolidating, or experiencing reversal pressure. These levels, grounded in both mathematics and market psychology, help traders spot areas where price might face resistance or find support.
Key Features
Fibonacci Moving Average High and Low: This indicator calculates the high and low EMAs based on Fibonacci sequence numbers (e.g., 5, 8, 13, etc.) for enhanced trend analysis.
Golden Pocket Retracement (GPR) and Extension (GPE) Bands: Displays common Fibonacci retracement and extension levels (0.618, 0.65 for retracement, and 1.618, 1.65 for extension).
Midline: Plots the average of the Fibonacci high and low to act as an additional reference level.
Stop-Loss Levels: Provides suggested stop-loss levels based on Fibonacci levels for both long and short positions.
Basic User Guide
Adjust Input Settings:
Input Timeframe: Set a specific timeframe for the Fibonacci moving average calculation, separate from the chart's primary timeframe.
Show Fibonacci MA High/Low: Toggle the visibility of the high and low Fibonacci moving averages.
Show Mid Line: Display a midline for added trend reference.
Show Golden Pocket Bands: Choose to display retracement or extension bands for potential support or resistance zones.
Show Stop-Loss Levels: Enable to visualize potential stop-loss levels for both long and short trades.
Interpretation:
Fibonacci MA High and Low: Use these lines to gauge the general trend. When the price is above both, it may indicate an uptrend; below both, a downtrend.
Golden Pocket Retracement: This zone (between 0.618 and 0.65) is often a key level for potential reversals or support/resistance.
Golden Pocket Extension: The 1.618 and 1.65 levels can indicate potential profit-taking or trend exhaustion points.
Stop-Loss Levels: The calculated stop-loss levels (long SL below and short SL above) can aid in risk management.
Customization:
You can customize the appearance and visibility of each component through the input settings to fit your specific strategy and visual preferences.
This indicator should be used alongside other technical analysis tools to provide a more comprehensive trading approach.
This Indicator would not exist without the original contributions and blessing from Sofien Kaabar
Injected Volume Footprint (IVF)Reading volume footprints to interpret buying and selling pressure involves examining the intensity and timing of buy/sell activity within each candle. Although this IVF indicator does not directly show the sequence of buying and selling events within a single candle (as a true footprint chart would), here’s how you can interpret the volume data presented by IVF to get insights on market pressure:
Step 1: Identifying Strong Pressure
Check Color Intensity:
Darker shades represent higher intensity for both buy and sell volumes.
Look for dark green shades for strong buying pressure and dark red or orange shades for strong selling pressure. This helps you quickly spot candles with a high level of activity on one or both sides.
Check Volume Stacking:
Since buy volumes are above the zero line and sell volumes are below, large differences between the two suggest dominance by one side.
If buy volume is significantly higher (e.g., tall green bar with a small red/yellow bar underneath), buying pressure is dominant. Conversely, if sell volume is larger (tall red/yellow bar with a small green bar above), selling pressure dominates.
Step 2: Interpreting Both Buy and Sell Activity
Simultaneous Pressure:
If you see strong green (buy) and red/yellow (sell) volumes within the same candle, it indicates that there was active trading on both sides during that period.
This scenario might suggest a battle between buyers and sellers—often seen near critical support or resistance levels where both sides are actively defending their positions.
Balance vs. Imbalance:
Balanced Pressure: When buy and sell volumes are similar in size, it indicates a period of indecision or a potential consolidation. This usually happens when neither buyers nor sellers have a clear upper hand.
Imbalanced Pressure: If one side has a much larger volume than the other, it shows a clear dominance. For instance, if green buy volume dominates, it means buyers were willing to absorb sell orders aggressively, suggesting a possible uptrend.
Step 3: Estimating Sequence (Hypothetical)
Although IVF doesn’t provide a direct sequence, you can make educated guesses based on context:
Price Action Context:
If the candle opens and initially moves down but then closes higher (bullish candle), it might indicate that selling pressure came first and buying pressure followed, pushing the price up.
Conversely, if the candle opens and moves up first but closes lower (bearish candle), buying might have started first but was overtaken by selling pressure.
Volume Reaction to Price Levels:
At support levels, if you see strong buy volumes with some sell volumes, it might mean initial selling pressure was absorbed by buyers defending the level.
At resistance levels, if sell volume increases with some buy activity, it may indicate initial buying was met by aggressive selling, potentially reversing the price.
Trend Context:
In an uptrend, strong sell volume within an otherwise bullish candle may indicate profit-taking or the start of a pullback, as sellers try to cap further gains.
In a downtrend, strong buy volume in a bearish candle may indicate potential accumulation or buyers attempting to slow the decline, signaling a possible reversal if the trend weakens.
Conclusion
The IVF indicator doesn’t provide the exact sequence of events within each candle like true footprint data would, but by analyzing the intensity, balance, and context within the price action, you can get a reasonable sense of which side was more aggressive and how both buying and selling pressures interacted.
Trend Spotter ProOverview
The Trend Spotter Pro is an advanced indicator designed to identify key BULLISH and BEARISH levels using the last 15 days of historical data. It calculates up to 7 levels with stop-loss , making it suitable for trading across all timeframes, from intraday to weekly.
Key Features
Historical Data Analysis: Uses the last 15 days of values to determine significant Bullish and Bearish levels.
Multi-Timeframe Compatibility: Works seamlessly across all timeframes, from intraday to weekly, allowing traders to apply the indicator to their preferred trading period.
Up to 7 Levels: Calculates and displays up to 7 levels.
User-Friendly Interface: Easy to interpret and integrate into your existing TradingView charts, Clear visual representation of bullish and bearish levels and can change colors as per requirement.
How to Use
Add the Trend Spotter Pro indicator to your TradingView chart. The indicator will automatically analyze the past 15 days of price data.
The indicator will display bullish and bearish levels with up to 7 levels guidelines with stop-loss on the chart.
Avoid 1st candle of 5mins time frame if high volatile
If open price of symbol already broke bullish / bearish level then avoid to use in that direction.
Make entry only once Bullish / Bearish levels are break above/ below respectively
Use trailing stop-loss strategy to get best result.
Previous 4-Hour and Previous Hourly High/LowDescription:
This script is designed to help traders identify recent support and resistance levels by displaying the Previous 4-Hour and Previous Hourly High/Low prices on the chart. By tracking the highs and lows of both the last completed 4-hour and hourly candles, this indicator provides a clear view of price action on short-term timeframes, useful for intraday analysis.
Functionality:
Previous 4-Hour High and Low: The script captures the highest and lowest prices of the last fully closed 4-hour candle, updating these levels at the beginning of each new 4-hour period.
Previous Hourly High and Low: Similarly, it records the high and low of the most recent completed hourly candle, refreshing at the start of each hour.
How to Use: With these levels displayed, traders can quickly spot areas of potential support and resistance, making this tool valuable for gauging short-term price action trends. The indicator is especially useful for those trading within shorter timeframes, such as scalpers or day traders, who benefit from knowing where prices have recently ranged.
The Previous 4-Hour High/Low is marked with Green and Red lines, while the Previous Hourly High/Low uses Blue and Orange lines, making each timeframe’s levels easily distinguishable.
This script offers a simple yet powerful addition to short-term trading setups, giving traders multi-timeframe insights to inform their trading decisions.
Effective Volume (ADV) v3Effective Volume (ADV) v3: Enhanced Accumulation/Distribution Analysis Tool
This indicator is an updated version of the original script by cI8DH, now upgraded to Pine Script v5 with added functionality, including the Volume Multiple feature. The tool is designed for analyzing Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) volume, referred to here as "Effective Volume," which represents the volume impact in alignment with price direction, providing insights into bullish or bearish trends through volume.
Accumulation/Distribution Volume Analysis : The script calculates and visualizes Effective Volume (ADV), helping traders assess volume strength in relation to price action. By factoring in bullish or bearish alignment, Effective Volume highlights points where volume strongly supports price movements.
Volume Multiple Feature for Volume Multiplication : The Volume Multiple setting (default value 2) allows you to set a multiplier to identify bars where Effective Volume exceeds the previous bar’s volume by a specified factor. This feature aids in pinpointing significant shifts in volume intensity, often associated with potential trend changes.
Customizable Aggregation Types : Users can choose from three volume aggregation types:
Simple - Standard SMA (Simple Moving Average) for averaging Effective Volume
Smoothed - RMA (Recursive Moving Average) for a less volatile, smoother line
Cumulative - Accumulated Effective Volume for ongoing trend analysis
Volume Divisor : The “Divide Vol by” setting (default 1 million) scales down the Effective Volume value for easier readability. This allows Effective Volume data to be aligned with the scale of the price chart.
Visualization Elements
Effective Volume Columns : The Effective Volume bar plot changes color based on volume direction:
Green Bars : Bullish Effective Volume (volume aligns with price movement upwards)
Red Bars : Bearish Effective Volume (volume aligns with price movement downwards)
Moving Average Lines :
Volume Moving Average - A gray line representing the moving average of total volume.
A/D Moving Average - A blue line showing the moving average of Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) Effective Volume.
High ADV Indicator : A “^” symbol appears on bars where the Effective Volume meets or exceeds the Volume Multiple threshold, highlighting bars with significant volume increase.
How to Use
Analyze Accumulation/Distribution Trends : Use Effective Volume to observe if bullish or bearish volume aligns with price direction, offering insights into the strength and sustainability of trends.
Identify Volume Multipliers with Volume Multiple : Adjust Volume Multiple to track when Effective Volume has notably increased, signaling potential shifts or strengthening trends.
Adjust Volume Display : Use the volume divisor setting to scale Effective Volume for clarity, especially when viewing alongside price data on higher timeframes.
With customizable parameters, this script provides a flexible, enhanced perspective on Effective Volume for traders analyzing volume-based trends and reversals.
Salman Indicator: Multi-Purpose Price ActionSalman Indicator: Multi-Purpose Price Action Tool for Pin Bars, Breakouts, and VWAP Anchoring
This indicator provides a comprehensive suite of price action insights, designed for active traders looking to identify key market structures and potential reversals. The script incorporates a Quarterly VWAP for trend bias, marks pin bars for possible reversal points, highlights outside bars for volatility signals, and indicates simple breakouts and pivot-level breaks. Customizable settings allow for flexibility in various trading styles, with default settings optimized for daily charts.
Outside Bars : Represented by an ⤬ symbol on the chart, these indicate bars where the current high is greater than the previous bar’s high, and the low is lower than the previous bar’s low, signaling high volatility and potential market reversals.
Pin Bars : Denoted by a small dot at the top or bottom of a candle’s wick, these are crucial signals of potential reversal areas. Pin bars are identified based on the percentage length of their shadows, with adjustable strictness in settings.
Quarterly VWAP : The light blue line on the chart represents the VWAP (Volume-Weighted Average Price), which is anchored to the Quarterly period by default. The VWAP acts as a directional bias filter, helping you to determine underlying market trends. This period, source, and offset are fully adjustable in the script’s settings.
Simple Breaks : Hollow candles on the chart indicate "simple breaks," defined when the current bar closes above the previous high or below the previous low. This is an effective way to highlight directional momentum in the market.
Bonus Pivot Breaks : The tilde symbol ~ appears when the price closes above or below prior pivot high/low levels, helping traders spot significant breakout or breakdown points relative to recent pivots.
Alerts
Simple Breaks : Alerts you when a breakout occurs beyond the previous bar’s high or low. Pin Bars : Notifies you of potential reversal points as indicated by bullish or bearish pin bars. Outside Bars : Triggers an alert whenever an outside bar is detected, indicating possible volatility changes.
How to Use
VWAP for Trend Bias : Use the Quarterly VWAP line to gauge overall market trend, with settings that allow adjustment to daily, weekly, monthly, or even larger time frames.
Pin Bars for Reversal Potential : Look for the dot markers on candle wicks, where the strictness of the pin bar detection can be adjusted via settings to match your trading preference.
Simple and Pivot Breaks for Momentum : Watch for hollow candles and the tilde symbol ~ as indicators of potential breakout momentum and pivot break levels, respectively.
This script can serve traders on multiple timeframes, from daily to weekly and beyond. The flexible configuration allows for adjustments in VWAP anchoring and pin bar criteria, providing a tailored fit for individual trading strategies.
