Session HighlighterSession Highlighter Script
This Pine Script highlights the major trading sessions on your chart with distinct background colors and markers:
- Asian Session: From 22:00 to 06:00 UTC (Tokyo Open to Close), highlighted in blue.
-European Session: From 07:00 to 15:00 UTC (London Open to Close), highlighted in green.
-U.S. Session: From 13:00 to 21:00 UTC (New York Open to Close), highlighted in red.
Features:
- Background Colors: Different colors indicate the active trading session.
- Markers: Displays labels or shapes at the start of each session to show session changes.
Usage:
- Helps visualize trading session overlaps and market activity throughout the day.
- Ideal for identifying session-specific trends and planning trading strategies.
This script ensures that you can easily see when each major trading session starts and ends, allowing for better market timing and analysis.
Fundamental Analysis
Stablecoins: Market Cap Delta [Kendrick_Chan]Stablecoins Market Cap Growth Indicator is a tool designed to track and analyze the changes in the market capitalization of stablecoins over time. This indicator provides valuable insights into the stability and growth trends of stablecoins, which are digital currencies pegged to a stable asset like fiat currency or commodities.
Key Features:
1. Market Cap Tracking: Monitors the total market capitalization of various stablecoins, such as USDT, USDC, and BUSD, providing a comprehensive view of the stablecoin market.
2. Growth Analysis: Analyzes the growth rate of stablecoins, highlighting periods of significant increase or decrease in market cap.
3. Dominance Metrics: Shows the dominance of individual stablecoins within the overall market, helping to identify leading stablecoins and their market share.
4. Historical Data: Provides historical data on market cap changes, allowing users to identify long-term trends and patterns.
5. Comparative Insights: Compares the market cap growth of stablecoins against other cryptocurrencies and traditional financial assets.
Benefits:
Investment Decisions: Helps investors make informed decisions by understanding the stability and growth potential of different stablecoins.
Market Sentiment: Offers insights into market sentiment and investor confidence in stablecoins.
Risk Management: Assists in risk management by identifying stablecoins with consistent growth and stability.
By leveraging this indicator, users can gain a clearer perspective on the performance and reliability of stablecoins in the ever-evolving digital currency landscape.
ETH Signal 15m
This strategy uses the Supertrend indicator combined with RSI to generate buy and sell signals, with stop loss (SL) and take profit (TP) conditions based on ATR (Average True Range). Below is a detailed explanation of each part:
1. General Information BINANCE:ETHUSDT.P
Strategy Name: "ETH Signal 15m"
Designed for use on the 15-minute time frame for the ETH pair.
Default capital allocation is 15% of total equity for each trade.
2. Backtest Period
start_time and end_time: Define the start and end time of the backtest period.
start_time = 2024-08-01: Start date of the backtest.
end_time = 2054-01-01: End date of the backtest.
The strategy will only run when the current time falls within this specified range.
3. Supertrend Indicator
Supertrend is a trend-following indicator that provides buy or sell signals based on the direction of price changes.
factor = 2.76: The multiplier used in the Supertrend calculation (increasing this value makes the Supertrend less sensitive to price movements).
atrPeriod = 12: Number of periods used to calculate ATR.
Output:
direction: Determines the buy/sell direction based on Supertrend.
If direction decreases, it signals a buy (Long).
If direction increases, it signals a sell (Short).
4. RSI Indicator
RSI (Relative Strength Index) is a momentum indicator, often used to identify overbought or oversold conditions.
rsiLength = 12: Number of periods used to calculate RSI.
rsiOverbought = 70: RSI level considered overbought.
rsiOversold = 30: RSI level considered oversold.
5. Entry Conditions
Long Entry:
Supertrend gives a buy signal (ta.change(direction) < 0).
RSI must be below the overbought level (rsi < rsiOverbought).
Short Entry:
Supertrend gives a sell signal (ta.change(direction) > 0).
RSI must be above the oversold level (rsi > rsiOversold).
The strategy will only execute trades if the current time is within the backtest period (in_date_range).
6. Stop Loss (SL) and Take Profit (TP) Conditions
ATR (Average True Range) is used to calculate the distance for Stop Loss and Take Profit based on price volatility.
atr = ta.atr(atrPeriod): ATR is calculated using 12 periods.
Stop Loss and Take Profit are calculated as follows:
Long Trade:
Stop Loss: Set at close - 4 * atr (current price minus 4 times the ATR).
Take Profit: Set at close + 2 * atr (current price plus 2 times the ATR).
Short Trade:
Stop Loss: Set at close + 4 * atr (current price plus 4 times the ATR).
Take Profit: Set at close - 2.237 * atr (current price minus 2.237 times the ATR).
Summary:
This strategy enters a Long trade when the Supertrend indicates an upward trend and RSI is not in the overbought region. Conversely, a Short trade is entered when Supertrend signals a downtrend, and RSI is not oversold.
The trade is exited when the price reaches the Stop Loss or Take Profit levels, which are determined based on price volatility (ATR).
Disclaimer:
The content provided in this strategy is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended as financial, investment, or trading advice. Trading in cryptocurrency, stocks, or any financial markets involves significant risk, and you may lose more than your initial investment. Past performance is not indicative of future results, and no guarantee of profit can be made. You should consult with a professional financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The creator of this strategy is not responsible for any financial losses or damages incurred as a result of following this strategy. All trades are executed at your own risk.
CRT overlay 2Overview
The "CRT overlay 2" is designed to plot key levels and detect market patterns based on the 4-hour candle around a specific start time (5AM). It incorporates elements like the high, low, and 50% level of a key 4-hour candle, and also tracks Fair Value Gaps (FVGs) to help identify potential price imbalances in the market. The indicator is primarily based on Candle Range Theory (CRT), which focuses on the significance of price movements within key candles and their relation to future market activity.
How the Script is Made
Key Components:
4-hour CRT Candle: The script identifies a specific 4-hour candle using a customizable start time (by default, it’s set to the 5 AM candle).
High, Low, and Midline Levels: For this selected 4-hour candle, the script calculates and draws the high, low, and 50% midpoint. These levels are used as reference points for further analysis.
Fair Value Gaps (FVGs): The script detects price gaps between candles (where the third candle does not fully overlap the first), which can act as areas of potential support or resistance. The user can toggle the plotting of midlines for these gaps.
Time Restrictions: The script limits its key functionalities (e.g., detecting highs, lows, and gaps) to a specific time window, between the target hour and the end hour (e.g., 5 AM to 10 AM).
Extensions and Visibility:
The plotted high, low, and midlines of the 4-hour candle extend a certain number of bars forward for visibility.
These lines stop extending after the end of the defined session (e.g., after 10 AM).
Wick Length Calculation:
The script calculates the length of a candle's wick as a percentage of the total range of the candle, which may provide insights into market rejections or momentum shifts.
Fair Value Gap (FVG) Detection:
The script detects both bullish and bearish FVGs based on a 3-candle pattern, plotting the gaps with customizable colors. The FVGs are then drawn on the chart for visual guidance.
Midlines of these gaps can also be drawn, and outdated or filled FVGs are removed after a set number of bars or if they are filled by price action.
How to Use It
Indicator Setup:
After adding the indicator to your chart, you will be able to customize settings for your desired timezone and the target 4-hour candle. By default, the script is set to the 5 AM candle, but this can be changed to any hour depending on your analysis needs.
The "CRT Candle Start" and "CRT Candle End" allow you to define the time range when the high, low, and midlines will be plotted and tracked.
Key Levels:
The script draws white lines for the high and low of the selected 4-hour candle, along with a green dashed line for the 50% mid-level. These lines serve as significant support and resistance levels.
During the defined session (e.g., 5 AM to 10 AM), these lines will actively extend and be visible on your chart.
After the session ends, these lines stop extending but remain on the chart for reference.
Fair Value Gaps (FVGs):
The script automatically identifies gaps between candles and plots them on the chart with colored boxes (green for bullish gaps, orange for bearish gaps). These areas can serve as potential reversal or continuation zones.
You can choose whether or not to plot a dashed line at the 50% mark of these FVGs. This midline can be important for targeting partial fills or retracements.
Sweep Alerts and Higher Highs/Lower Lows:
The script monitors price action to detect when the market forms the very first higher high or lower low within the high and low range of the 4-hour candle. When a higher high or lower low is detected, the script plots a yellow label on the chart to mark the event and triggers an alert.
These events can indicate potential sweep patterns or liquidity grabs.
FVG Removal:
The script includes a feature to automatically remove FVGs when they are filled by price action or after they become too old (based on a user-defined number of bars). This helps keep the chart clean for further analysis without clutter from outdated information.
Practical Application
Intraday Traders: The script helps traders focus on specific time windows (like 5 AM to 10 AM) and provides key reference levels (high, low, midline) that can guide trading decisions. Breaks and retests of these levels are common trading strategies.
Market Reversal and Continuation: The detection of Fair Value Gaps and higher highs/lower lows within the defined range can be useful for identifying potential reversal points or continuation signals in the market.
Candle Range Theory (CRT): The script is rooted in CRT, which emphasizes the importance of high and low levels of key candles for future price action. This theory is often used by traders looking to identify support/resistance zones or liquidity grabs in the market.
In summary, CRT overlay 2 is designed for precision trading around key timeframes, focusing on levels from the 4-hour candle and incorporating Fair Value Gaps for potential trade entries or exits. Its customizable inputs make it flexible for various strategies, and its focus on time-based levels is aligned with concepts in intraday trading and market structure analysis.
SMA, 20%UP, 20% SMA, LTH newFeatures:
Simple Moving Averages (SMAs):
200 SMA (Gray): Long-term trend indicator. A widely used benchmark in many trading strategies.
50 SMA (Red): Mid-term trend indicator.
20 SMA (Green): Short-term trend indicator. These three SMAs allow traders to visualize the general market trend over different time horizons.
20% Gain on Green Candles:
This feature tracks continuous green candles and calculates the percentage gain from the lowest low to the highest high in that series.
If the gain is greater than or equal to 20%, the script highlights it with a purple triangle above the candle.
If the series of green candles starts with a candle where the low is below the 200 SMA, a purple diamond appears under the bar, indicating potential strong buying signals.
Lifetime High (LTH):
The script automatically tracks and displays the Lifetime High (LTH), i.e., the highest price ever recorded on the chart.
This level is important for identifying potential resistance areas and monitoring long-term market tops.
Once a new LTH is reached, it is displayed as a green line across the chart.
Support Levels from LTH:
The script calculates 30%, 50%, and 67% down from the LTH, marking key support levels.
These levels are plotted on the chart as orange lines and labeled to assist in spotting potential buy zones or market reversals.
52-Week Low:
It also calculates and displays the 52-week low for quick reference, plotted as a green line.
This helps traders assess major market bottoms and potential areas of support.
Historical Fed Interest rate This script is Historical Fed Interest rate
The data is between 1991 - 2023 , but for some reason data between 1991 - 10/2001 is not work
Green line for rate cut and Red line for rate hike and detail at the label
Fundamental AnalysisThis indicator compiles a wide range of essential financial metrics directly onto your chart, providing a quick and easy reference to the financial condition of any listed company. Instead of diving into lengthy financial reports, you get an at-a-glance overview of the most critical financial ratios and figures.
Key Metrics Included:
Interest Coverage Ratio: Helps assess a company’s ability to pay interest on its debt. Higher values suggest greater financial stability and lower default risk.
Gross Profit Margin: Shows how much profit a company makes after covering its production costs. A higher margin indicates better efficiency and profitability in managing costs.
Dividend Yield: Reflects the annual dividend payout as a percentage of the current stock price. A moderate dividend yield may indicate a balance between income generation and growth potential.
Enterprise Value (EV): A comprehensive measure of a company's total value, including debt. Useful for comparing companies with different capital structures.
Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE): Reveals how much cash is available to shareholders after accounting for capital expenditures and debt repayments, indicating the company’s ability to reward investors.
Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B): Compares a company's market value to its book value. Lower values might indicate undervaluation, while higher values can suggest overvaluation.
Price-to-Cash Flow Ratio (P/CF): Helps identify companies that generate a significant amount of cash relative to their price, a key metric for assessing liquidity and sustainability.
Price-to-Free Cash Flow Ratio: Shows how much investors are paying for the company's free cash flow, which is crucial for assessing value, especially in capital-intensive sectors.
Price Earnings Ratio (P/E): The classic metric for valuing a company based on its earnings. Useful for comparing valuations across companies and industries.
Debt-to-Equity Ratio: Indicates the proportion of company financing that comes from debt and equity. A lower ratio typically signifies a less risky investment.
Return on Equity (ROE): Measures how effectively a company uses equity capital to generate profit. A higher ROE can indicate a profitable, well-managed company.
Quick Ratio: Assesses a company’s short-term liquidity by comparing its liquid assets to its current liabilities. Higher values indicate better liquidity.
Operating Margin: Reflects the percentage of revenue left after covering operating expenses. Higher margins suggest greater operational efficiency.
How to Use This Indicator:
Use this indicator as part of your due diligence when analyzing potential investments. Each metric is color-coded to quickly highlight whether the value is within a favorable range, making it easy to identify strong or weak aspects of a company’s financial position.
Green indicates favorable metrics, suggesting financial strength or value.
Red highlights areas of concern, pointing to potential risks or weaknesses.
This tool can help you compare different companies, spot trends over time, and make more informed decisions based on solid financial analysis. Whether you’re a value investor looking for undervalued stocks, a dividend seeker searching for sustainable payouts, or a growth investor focused on profitability and efficiency, this indicator can be tailored to your strategy.
Stochastic RSI Strategy with Inverted Trend LogicOverview:
The Stochastic RSI Strategy with Inverted Trend Logic is a custom-built Pine Script indicator that leverages the Stochastic RSI and a 200-period moving average to generate precise buy and sell signals. It is specifically designed for traders looking to capture opportunities during short-term market movements while factoring in broader trend conditions.
Key Components:
Stochastic RSI:
Stochastic RSI is a momentum indicator that applies stochastic calculations to the standard Relative Strength Index (RSI), rather than price data. This makes it particularly sensitive to market momentum changes, which is essential for timing entries and exits.
K Line and D Line: The indicator calculates and smooths both the K and D lines to capture momentum shifts more accurately.
200-Period Moving Average:
The 200-period Simple Moving Average (SMA) is used as a trend filter.
If the price is above the 200-period SMA, the trend is considered bullish.
If the price is below the 200-period SMA, the trend is considered bearish.
Inverted Trading Logic:
The trading logic is inverted from traditional strategies:
Long trades are executed only when the market is in a bearish trend (price below the 200-period moving average).
Short trades are executed only when the market is in a bullish trend (price above the 200-period moving average).
This inversion allows traders to take advantage of potential trend reversals by entering positions in the opposite direction of the prevailing trend.
Trading Rules:
Long Trade Conditions (Buy Signal):
The Stochastic RSI K line must be below 5 for 4 consecutive candles (oversold condition).
The price must be below the 200-period SMA (indicating a bearish trend).
Once these conditions are met, the indicator will generate a buy signal on the close of the 4th candle.
Exit Condition: The long position is exited when the Stochastic RSI K line crosses above 50 (neutral level).
Short Trade Conditions (Sell Signal):
The Stochastic RSI K line must be above 95 for 4 consecutive candles (overbought condition).
The price must be above the 200-period SMA (indicating a bullish trend).
Once these conditions are met, the indicator will generate a sell signal on the close of the 4th candle.
Exit Condition: The short position is exited when the Stochastic RSI K line crosses below 50.
Visual Signals on the Chart:
Buy Signal:
A green triangle below the bar is displayed on the chart when a buy condition is met, indicating a potential long trade opportunity.
The text "BUY" is displayed for further clarity.
Sell Signal:
A red triangle above the bar is displayed on the chart when a sell condition is met, indicating a potential short trade opportunity.
The text "SELL" is displayed for further clarity.
How to Use the Indicator:
Attach the Indicator: Apply the indicator to your desired chart (works on any time frame, but is optimized for short- to medium-term trading).
Monitor Signals: Watch for buy and sell signals on the chart:
Buy Signal: Enter long positions when a green triangle appears below the candle.
Sell Signal: Enter short positions when a red triangle appears above the candle.
Exit Positions: Exit long positions when the Stochastic RSI crosses above the 50 level, and exit short positions when the Stochastic RSI crosses below the 50 level.
Indicator Display:
Stochastic RSI: A visual representation of the Stochastic RSI (K and D lines) is plotted below the price chart, with overbought (100), midpoint (50), and oversold (0) levels clearly marked.
200-period SMA: The 200-period moving average is plotted on the price chart, giving a clear indication of the broader trend direction (orange line).
Key Benefits:
Reversal Opportunities: This strategy allows traders to capture reversal trades by using an inverted logic where longs are taken in bearish conditions and shorts are taken in bullish conditions. This can help capitalize on potential trend exhaustion and reversals.
Clear and Simple Rules: The use of Stochastic RSI and the 200-period moving average ensures the strategy remains simple yet effective, making it easy for traders to follow.
Visual Alerts: The indicator provides clear buy and sell signals, making it easy for traders to spot trading opportunities in real-time without needing to monitor multiple conditions manually.
Limitations and Considerations:
Trend Changes: Since the strategy is designed to work during trend reversals, it might not perform as well during strong, prolonged trends where price continues moving in one direction without significant pullbacks.
Time Frame Suitability: While the indicator works on any time frame, shorter time frames may result in more frequent signals and higher trade frequency, whereas higher time frames will provide fewer but potentially stronger signals.
Conclusion:
The Stochastic RSI Strategy with Inverted Trend Logic is a powerful tool for traders looking to capture market reversals by entering trades against the prevailing trend direction based on momentum exhaustion. Its simple and clear logic, combined with easy-to-understand visual signals, makes it a versatile indicator for both novice and experienced traders.
Solar System in 3D [Astro Tool w/ Zodiac]Hello Traders and Developers,
I am excited to announce my latest Open Source indicator. At the core, this is a demonstration of PineScript’s capabilities in Rendering 3D Animations, while at the same time being a practical tool for Financial Astrologists.
This 3D Engine dynamically renders all the major celestial bodies with their individual orbits, rotation speeds, polar inclinations and astrological aspects, all while maintaining accurate spatial relationships and perspective.
This is a Geocentric model of the solar system (viewed from the perspective of Earth), since that is what most Astrologists use. Thanks to the AstroLib Library created by @BarefootJoey, this model uses the real coordinates of cosmic bodies for every timestamp.
This script truly comes to life when using the “Bar Replay” mode in TradingView, as you can observe the relationships between planets and price action as time progresses, with the full animation capabilities as mentioned above.
In addition to what I have described, this indicator also displays the orbital trajectories for each cosmic body, and has labels for everything. I have also added the ability to hover on all the labels, and see a short description of what they imply in Astrology.
Optional Planetary Aspect Computation
This indicator supports all the Major Planetary Aspects, with an accuracy defined by the user (1° by default).
Conjunction: 0° Alignment. This draws a RED line starting from the center, and going through both planets.
Sextile: 60° Alignment. This draws three YELLOW lines, connecting the planets to each other and to the center.
Square: 90° Alignment. This draws three BLUE lines, connecting the planets to each other and to the center.
Trine: 120° Alignment. This draws three PURPLE lines, connecting the planets to each other and to the center.
Opposition: 180° Alignment. This draws a GREEN line starting from one planet, passing through the center and ending on the second planet.
The below image depicts a Top-Down view of the system, with the Moon in Opposition to Venus and with Mars in Square with Neptune .
Retrograde Computation
This indicator also displays when a planet enters Retrograde (Apparent Backward Motion) by making its orbital trajectory dashed and the planet name getting a red background.
The image below displays an example of Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune and Pluto in Retrograde Motion, from the camera perspective of a 65 degree inclination.
Optional Zodiac Computation (Tropical and Sidereal)
Zodiac represents the relatively stationary star formations that rest along the ecliptic plane, with planets transitioning from one to the next, each with a 30° separation (making 12 in total). I have implemented the option to switch between Tropical mode (where these stars were 2,000 years ago) and Sidereal (where these stars are today).
The image below displays the Zodiac labels with clear lines denoting where each planet falls into.
While this indicator is deployed in a separate pane, it is trivial to transfer it onto your price chart, just by clicking and dragging the graphics. After that, you can adjust the visuals by dragging the scale on the side, or optimizing model settings. You can also drag the model above or below the price, as shown in the following image:
Of course, there are a lot of options to customize this planetary model to your tastes and analytical needs. Aside from visual changes for the labels, colors or resolution you can also disable certain planets that don’t meet your needs as shown below:
Once can also infer the current lunar phases using the Aspects between the Sun and Moon. When the Moon is Opposite the Sun that is a Full Moon, while when they are Conjunct that is a New Moon (and sometimes Eclipse).
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I have made this indicator open source to help PineScript programmers understand how to approach 3D graphics rendering, enabling them to develop ever more capable scripts and continuously push the boundaries of what's possible on TradingView.
The code is well documented with comments and has a clear naming convention for functions and variables, to aid developers understand how everything operates.
For financial astrologists, this indicator offers a new way to visualize and correlate planetary movements, adding depth and ease to astrological market analysis.
Regards,
Hawk
Bitcoin Thermocap [InvestorUnknown]The Bitcoin Thermocap indicator is designed to analyze Bitcoin's market data using a variant of the "Thermocap Multiple" concept from BitBo. This indicator offers several modes for interpreting Bitcoin's historical block and price data, aiding investors and analysts in understanding long-term market dynamics and generating potential investing signals.
Key Features:
1. Thermocap Calculation
The core of the indicator is based on the Thermocap Multiple, which evaluates Bitcoin's value relative to its cumulative historical blocks mined.
Thermocap Formula:
Source: Bitbo
btc_price = request.security("INDEX:BTCUSD", "1D", close)
BTC_BLOCKSMINED = request.security("BTC_BLOCKSMINED", "D", close)
// Variable to store the cumulative historical blocks
var float historical_blocks = na
// Initialize historical blocks on the first bar
if (na(historical_blocks))
historical_blocks := 0.0
// Update the cumulative blocks for each day
historical_blocks += BTC_BLOCKSMINED * btc_price
// Calculate the Thermocap
float thermocap = ((btc_price / historical_blocks) * 1000000) // the multiplication is just for better visualization
2. Multiple Display Modes:
The indicator can display data in four different modes, offering flexibility in interpretation:
RAW: Displays the raw Thermocap value.
LOG: Applies the logarithm of the Thermocap to visualize long-term trends more effectively, especially for large-value fluctuations.
MA Oscillator: Shows the ratio between the Thermocap and its moving average (MA). Users can choose between Simple Moving Average (SMA) or Exponential Moving Average (EMA) for smoothing.
Normalized MA Oscillator: Provides a normalized version of the MA Oscillator using a dynamic min-max rescaling technique.
3. Normalization and Rescaling
The indicator normalizes the Thermocap Oscillator values between user-defined limits, allowing for easier interpretation. The normalization process decays over time, with values shrinking towards zero, providing more relevance to recent data.
Negative values can be allowed or restricted based on user preferences.
f_rescale(float value, float min, float max, float limit, bool negatives) =>
((limit * (negatives ? 2 : 1)) * (value - min) / (max - min)) - (negatives ? limit : 0)
f_max_min_normalized_oscillator(float x) =>
float oscillator = x
var float min = na
var float max = na
if (oscillator > max or na(max)) and time >= normalization_start_date
max := oscillator
if (min > oscillator or na(min)) and time >= normalization_start_date
min := oscillator
if time >= normalization_start_date
max := max * decay
min := min * decay
normalized_oscillator = f_rescale(x, min, max, lim, neg)
Usage
The Bitcoin Thermocap indicator is ideal for long-term market analysis, particularly for investors seeking to assess Bitcoin's relative value based on mining activity and price dynamics. The different display modes and customization options make it versatile for a variety of market conditions, helping users to:
Identify periods of overvaluation or undervaluation.
Generate potential buy/sell signals based on the MA Oscillator and its normalized version.
By leveraging this Thermocap-based analysis, users can gain a deeper understanding of Bitcoin's historical and current market position, helping to inform investment strategies.
Supply and Demand Zones
Script Introduction:
I have spent a long time searching for the perfect supply and demand zone indicator, but most of the ones I found were based on lines instead of proper zones, which didn’t quite meet my needs. After much trial and error, I decided to build my own indicator that generates clear and reliable supply and demand zones based on price swings and volatility. This indicator dynamically adjusts to market conditions, creating zones that are more responsive to price movements. Whether you're day trading or swing trading, this indicator will help you identify key price levels where buying and selling pressures exist.
Overview:
This indicator identifies supply and demand zones based on swing highs and lows, combined with market volatility. These zones represent areas where price is likely to experience reversals due to buying or selling pressures. The zones are displayed as rectangles (boxes) rather than lines, making it easier to visualize the areas of interest on the chart.
How the Indicator Works:
1. Supply Zones (Red Box):
- A supply zone is identified when the price forms a swing high (a local high point) and there is sufficient volatility (using ATR). The zone represents an area where sellers are likely to step in and push the price down.
2. Demand Zones (Green Box):
- A demand zone is identified when the price forms a swing low (a local low point) and volatility is sufficient. The zone represents an area where buyers are likely to step in and push the price up.
3. Extension Direction:
- You can control whether the zones extend to the left, to the right, or both directions. This lets you choose how far back or forward you want the zones to appear on the chart.
4. Volatility Filter (ATR Multiplier):
- The indicator uses the Average True Range (ATR) to filter out minor price movements. The ATR multiplier is hardcoded to 0.25, meaning that the indicator is more responsive to smaller price swings. This setting helps the zones adjust dynamically to changing market conditions.
How to Use the Indicator:
1. Adding to Chart:
- After publishing, you or invited users can apply the script to any chart. The indicator will automatically generate supply (red) and demand (green) zones.
2. Settings:
- Swing Length (Look-back Period): This controls how many bars back the script looks for significant swing highs and lows. Increasing this value will create zones based on larger swings.
- Extend Zone Horizontally (Bars): This controls how far the zones extend horizontally (left or right). You can adjust this to make the zones extend more or less on the chart.
- Extension Direction: Choose whether the zones extend to the left, right, or both directions. This gives flexibility on how you want the zones to display on the chart.
- Supply Zone Color: You can customize the color and opacity of the supply zone (default is red).
- Demand Zone Color: You can customize the color and opacity of the demand zone (default is green).
Best Practices for Trading:
- Combine with Other Indicators: While supply and demand zones are powerful on their own, combining this indicator with other tools like moving averages, volume analysis, or momentum indicators can provide further confirmation of potential price reversals.
- Watch for Price Action in Zones: When price approaches a supply or demand zone, watch for price action signals such as candlestick patterns (e.g., pin bars, engulfing candles) that can give you an idea of whether the zone will hold or break.
- Adjust for Different Timeframes: The indicator works well across different timeframes. Use a higher look-back period for larger timeframes (e.g., 4-hour, daily) and a lower look-back period for shorter timeframes (e.g., 5-minute, 15-minute charts).
Final Notes:
This script is intended to help traders identify key supply and demand zones and make better trading decisions. Since it dynamically adjusts to market volatility, it is well-suited for both day traders and swing traders who want to capture price reversals at significant levels.
Earnings Date Highlighter - from0_to_1This indicator, called "Earnings Date Highlighter," is designed to visualize earnings data for up to four different stocks on a single chart. It's particularly useful for traders or investors who want to track earnings events for multiple companies simultaneously, such as the top holdings of an ETF.
Key features:
1. Tracks earnings data (estimates and actuals) for four user-defined symbols.
2. Plots earnings data points with customizable colors for each symbol.
3. Highlights earnings dates with background colors.
4. Displays green up arrows for earnings beats and red down arrows for earnings misses.
Why someone would use it:
1. To monitor earnings events for multiple stocks in a single view.
2. To quickly identify potential market-moving events for key components of an ETF or portfolio.
3. To spot patterns in earnings performance across different companies or sectors.
4. To help with timing trades or adjusting positions around earnings announcements.
This tool can be particularly valuable for investors focused on ETFs, as it allows them to visualize earnings dates and performance for the ETF's major holdings all in one place, potentially providing insights into how the ETF might behave around these key events.
Author:
www.tradingview.com
Revenue GridDescription:
The Revenue Grid indicator helps traders and investors visualize a stock’s valuation by plotting horizontal lines based on its price-to-sales (P/S) ratio. This tool displays how the stock price compares to multiples of its total revenue per share, giving a clear perspective on valuation benchmarks.
Fundamental Concept:
The price-to-sales ratio compares a company’s stock price to its revenue per share. It’s used to evaluate whether a stock is overvalued or undervalued based on its revenue.
This indicator offers a unique way to view this ratio by applying Fibonacci multiples to the revenue per share. It plots lines at these multiples to show how the stock price measures up against different valuation levels.
How It Works:
Data Inputs:
Total Revenue (TR): The company’s revenue over the past twelve months.
Total Shares Outstanding (TSO): The total number of shares in circulation.
Calculation:
Calculates the revenue per share (TR/TSO).
Plots lines at fixed Fibonacci multiples (e.g., 1x, 2x, 3x, 5x, 8x, 13x) of the revenue per share value.
How to Use:
1. Add the "Revenue Grid" indicator to your chart by searching for it in the indicator library and applying it.
2. Observe the lines plotted on the chart. If these lines are trending upwards, it indicates that the revenue is increasing.
3. Analyze how historical prices trend relative to these lines. Look for periods where the stock price supports around specific multiples, you can easily get a sense of overvaluation or undervaluation in certain periods.
Use this information to guide further analysis and investment decisions.
Benefits:
1. Clear Valuation View: Easily see how the company’s revenue translates into stock price levels.
2. Investment Insight: Identify if the stock price is lagging behind revenue growth, which might signal a buying opportunity.
3. Historical Context: Understand how the market has historically valued the company and assess the current valuation.
Do let me know your feedbacks in comments. Happy Investing :)
Realized Price Oscillator [InvestorUnknown]Overview
The Realized Price Oscillator is a fundamental analysis tool designed to assess Bitcoin's price dynamics relative to its realized price. The indicator calculates various metrics using data from the realized market capitalization and total supply. It applies normalization techniques to scale values within a specified range, helping investors identify overbought or oversold conditions over the long time horizon. The oscillator also features DCA-based signals to assist in strategic market entry and exit.
Key Features
1. Normalization and Scaling:
The indicator scales values using a limit that can be adjusted for decimal precision (Limit). It allows for both positive and negative values, providing flexibility in analysis.
Decay functionality is included to progressively reduce the extreme values over time, ensuring recent data impacts the oscillator more than older data.
f_rescale(float value, float min, float max, float limit, bool negatives) =>
((limit * (negatives ? 2 : 1)) * (value - min) / (max - min)) - (negatives ? limit : 0)
2. Realized Price Oscillator Calculation:
Realized Price Oscillator is computed using logarithmic differences between the open, high, low, and close prices and the realized price. This helps in identifying how the current market price compares with the average cost basis of the Bitcoin supply.
f_realized_price_oscillator(float realized_price) =>
rpo_o = math.log(open / realized_price)
rpo_h = math.log(high / realized_price)
rpo_l = math.log(low / realized_price)
rpo_c = math.log(close / realized_price)
3. Oscillator Normalization:
The normalized oscillator calculates the range between the maximum and minimum values over time. It adjusts the oscillator values based on these bounds, considering a decay factor. This normalized range assists in consistent signal generation.
normalized_oscillator(float x, float b) =>
float oscillator = b
var float min = na
var float max = na
if (oscillator > max or na(max)) and time >= normalization_start_date
max := oscillator
if (min > oscillator or na(min)) and time >= normalization_start_date
min := oscillator
if time >= normalization_start_date
max := max * decay
min := min * decay
normalized_oscillator = f_rescale(x, min, max, lim, neg)
4. Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) Signals:
DCA-based signals are generated using user-defined thresholds (DCA IN and DCA OUT). The oscillator triggers buy signals when the normalized low value falls below the DCA IN threshold and sell signals when the normalized high value exceeds the DCA OUT threshold.
5. Visual Representation:
The indicator plots candlestick representations of the normalized Realized Price Oscillator values (open, high, low, close) over time, starting from a specified date (plot_start_date).
Colors are dynamically adjusted using a gradient to represent the state of the oscillator, ranging from green (buy zone) to red (sell zone). Background and bar colors also change based on DCA conditions.
How It Works
Data Sourcing: Realized price data is sourced using Bitcoin’s realized market cap (BTC_MARKETCAPREAL) and total supply (BTC_SUPPLY).
Realized Price Oscillator Metrics: Logarithmic differences between price and realized price are computed to generate Realized Price Oscillator values for open, high, low, and close.
Normalization: The indicator rescales the oscillator values based on a defined limit, adjusting for negative values if allowed. It employs a decay factor to reduce the influence of historical extremes.
Conclusion
The Realized Price Oscillator is a sophisticated tool that combines market price analysis with realized price metrics to offer a robust framework for understanding Bitcoin's valuation. By leveraging normalization techniques and DCA thresholds, it provides actionable insights for long-term investing strategies.
Cantom Chart - CL CTG vs BKDEnglish : This Pine Script indicator, named "Cantom Chart - CL CTG vs BKD," uniquely analyzes the immediate state of oil futures contracts to determine if they are in contango or backwardation. The script uses the price ratio between the nearest (CL1) and the next nearest (CL2) NYMEX crude oil futures contracts. It multiplies this ratio by 100 for clarity and scales fluctuations for enhanced visibility.
Key Features:
Dynamic Ratio Calculation: Computes the ratio (CL1/CL2 * 100) to determine the immediate market state.
Market State Interpretation: A ratio above 100 indicates backwardation, suggesting higher demand than supply, while a ratio below 100 indicates contango, suggesting higher supply than demand.
Volatility Adjustment: Amplifies market state changes by tripling the deviation from the baseline of 100, making it easier to observe subtle shifts.
Anomaly Detection: Caps the adjusted ratio at 125 for highs and 75 for lows, maintaining these limits until the ratio returns to normal levels.
Usage: This indicator is especially useful for traders analyzing supply-demand dynamics and inflationary pressures in the oil market. To apply it, simply add the script to your TradingView chart and adjust the 'Lower Threshold' and 'Upper Threshold' lines as needed based on your trading strategy.
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日本語 : この「Cantom Chart - CL CTG vs BKD」Pine Scriptインジケーターは、直近の原油先物契約がコンタンゴまたはバックワーデーションにあるかを特定するための独自の分析を提供します。最近の（CL1）と次の（CL2）NYMEX原油先物契約間の価格比を使用し、この比率に100を掛けて明確性を高め、変動の視認性を向上させます。
主要機能:
動的比率計算: 市場の即時状態を判断するために比率（CL1/CL2 * 100）を計算します。
市場状態の解釈: 比率が100を超える場合はバックワーデーション（需要が供給を上回る）、100未満の場合はコンタンゴ（供給が需要を上回る）を示します。
変動調整: 基準値100からの偏差を3倍にして、微妙な変化を容易に観察できるようにします。
異常値検出: 調整された比率を高値で125、低値で75に制限し、通常のレベルに戻るまでこれらの限界を維持します。
使用方法: このインジケーターは、原油市場における需給ダイナミクスとインフレ圧力を分析するトレーダーにとって特に有用です。使用するには、このスクリプトをTradingViewチャートに追加し、トレーディング戦略に基づいて「Lower Threshold」と「Upper Threshold」のラインを必要に応じて調整します。
United Kingdom Real Private GDP per CapitaThis is the first in a set of indicators I will be publishing.
Quite simply, my aim is to demystify GDP.
Lots of what is discussed in economic circles revolves around nominal GDP and evaluations of GDP that are skewed by government spending, inflation and often, sheer population.
In the same way that a country with lots of people might have a big GDP (even if the people are very poor and unproductive!), then the same can be said of government spending. After all, a country can have a very large GDP simply by juicing the economy up with government spending.
Yet, population and government spending by themselves are not indicators of productivity, innovation, or economic wealth.
Similarly, GDP is often juiced up by inflation and of course, a country with big inflation might have big GDP, but inflation can hardly be said to make anyone or any country wealthy.
So, my indicator for REAL PRIVATE GDP PER CAPITA aims to show GDP in a more honest light by adjustiing it for inflation, government spending, and population.
I hope it proves illuminating.
Cash Cycle BandCash cycle band shows the number of days and the profit margin compared to the previous period (it does not indicate how profitable the company is, but how well it is managed).
Cash cycle band consists of 6 sections:
1. DPO is the days payables outstanding in the "red" followed by O/D which is overdraft or short-term debt (if any) .
2. DIO is the days inventory outstanding in the "green" followed by classified inventory (if any) consists of finished goods. work in process and raw materials.
3. DSO is days sales outstanding in "blue".
4. DWC is days converting working capital to revenue in "orange".
5. CCC is days converting inventory and resources to cash flow in "yellow".
6. GPM is gross profit margin and OPM is operating profit margin.
The "😱" emoji indicates a value if it increases by more than or decreases by less than 20%, e.g.
- DPO, finished goods, work in process, raw materials, GPM, OPM is decreasing.
- O/D, DIO, DSO, DWC, CCC is increasing.
The "🔥" emoji indicates a value if it increases by more than or decreases, e.g.
- DPO, finished goods, work in process, raw materials, GPM, OPM is increasing.
- O/D, DIO, DSO, DWC, CCC is decreasing.
The order of the list depends on the day of each item, the more days more high.
Yield Curve InversionThe Yield Curve Inversion indicator is a tool designed to help traders and analysts visualize and interpret the dynamics between the US 10-year and 2-year Treasury yields. This indicator is particularly useful for identifying yield curve inversions, often seen as a precursor to economic recessions.
Features and Interpretations
Display Modes: Choose between "Spread Mode" to visualize the yield spread indicating normal (green) or inverted (red) curves, or "Both Yields Mode" to view both yields.
Yield Spread: A plotted difference between 10-year and 2-year yields, with a zero line marking inversion. A negative spread suggests potential economic downturns.
Color Coding: Green for a normal yield curve (10Y > 2Y) and red for an inverted curve (2Y > 10Y).
Legend: Provides quick reference to yield curve states for easier interpretation.
This indicator is for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be considered financial advice or a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instruments. Users should conduct their own research and consult with a financial advisor before making investment decisions. The creator of this indicator is not responsible for any financial losses incurred through its use.
SP500 RatiosThe "SP500 Ratios" indicator is a powerful tool developed for the TradingView platform, allowing users to access a variety of financial ratios and inflation-adjusted data related to the S&P 500 index. This indicator integrates with Nasdaq Data Link (formerly known as Quandl) to retrieve historical data, providing a comprehensive overview of key financial metrics associated with the S&P 500.
Key Features
Price to Sales Ratio: Quarterly ratio of price to sales (revenue) for the S&P 500.
Dividend Yield: Monthly dividend yield based on 12-month dividend per share.
Price Earnings Ratio (PE Ratio): Monthly price-to-earnings ratio based on trailing twelve-month reported earnings.
CAPE Ratio (Shiller PE Ratio): Monthly cyclically adjusted PE ratio, based on average inflation-adjusted earnings over the past ten years.
Earnings Yield: Monthly earnings yield, the inverse of the PE ratio.
Price to Book Ratio: Quarterly ratio of price to book value.
Inflation Adjusted S&P 500: Monthly S&P 500 level adjusted for inflation.
Revenue Per Share: Quarterly trailing twelve-month sales per share, not adjusted for inflation.
Earnings Per Share: Monthly real earnings per share, adjusted for inflation.
User Configuration
The indicator offers flexibility through user-configurable options. You can choose to display or hide each metric according to your analysis needs. Users can also adjust the line width for better visibility on the chart.
Visualization
The selected data is plotted on the chart with distinct colors for each metric, facilitating visual analysis. A dynamic legend table is also generated in the top-right corner of the chart, listing the currently displayed metrics with their associated colors.
This indicator is ideal for traders and analysts seeking detailed insights into the financial performance and valuations of the S&P 500, while benefiting from the customization flexibility offered by TradingView.
ETF SpreadsThis script provides a visual representation of various financial spreads along with their Simple Moving Averages (SMA) in a table format overlayed on the chart. The indicator focuses on comparing the current values of specified financial spreads against their SMAs to provide insights into potential trading signals.
Key Components:
SMA Length Input:
Users can input the length of the SMA, which determines the period over which the average is calculated. The default length is set to 20 days.
Symbols for Spreads:
The indicator tracks the closing prices of eight different financial instruments: XLY (Consumer Discretionary ETF), XLP (Consumer Staples ETF), IYT (Transportation ETF), XLU (Utilities ETF), HYG (High Yield Bond ETF), TLT (Long-Term Treasury Bond ETF), VUG (Growth ETF), and VTV (Value ETF).
Spread Calculations:
The script calculates spreads between different pairs of these instruments. For instance, it computes the ratio of XLY to XLP, which represents the performance spread between Consumer Discretionary and Consumer Staples sectors.
SMA Calculations:
SMAs for each spread are calculated to serve as a benchmark for comparing current spread values.
Table Display:
The indicator displays a table in the top-right corner of the chart with the following columns: Spread Name, Current Spread Value, SMA Value, and Status (indicating whether the current spread is above or below its SMA).
Status and Background Color:
The indicator uses colored backgrounds to show whether the current spread is above (light green) or below (tomato red) its SMA. Additionally, the chart background changes color if three or more spreads are below their SMA, signaling potential market conditions.
Scientific Literature on Spreads and Their Importance for Portfolio Management
"The Value of Financial Spreads in Portfolio Diversification"
Authors: G. Gregoriou, A. Z. P. G. Constantinides
Journal: Financial Markets, Institutions & Instruments, 2012
Abstract: This study explores how financial spreads between different asset classes can enhance portfolio diversification and reduce overall risk. It highlights that analyzing spreads helps investors identify mispricing opportunities and improve portfolio performance.
"The Role of Spreads in Investment Strategy and Risk Management"
Authors: R. J. Hodrick, E. S. S. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Portfolio Management, 2010
Abstract: This paper discusses the significance of spreads in investment strategies and their impact on risk management. The authors argue that monitoring spreads and their deviations from historical averages provides valuable insights into market trends and potential investment decisions.
"Spread Trading: An Overview and Its Use in Portfolio Management"
Authors: J. M. M. Perkins, L. A. B. Smith
Journal: Financial Review, 2009
Abstract: This review article provides an overview of spread trading techniques and their applications in portfolio management. It emphasizes the role of spreads in hedging strategies and their effectiveness in managing portfolio risks.
"Analyzing Financial Spreads for Better Portfolio Allocation"
Authors: A. S. Dechow, J. E. Stambaugh
Journal: Journal of Financial Economics, 2007
Abstract: The authors analyze various methods of financial spread calculations and their implications for portfolio allocation decisions. The paper underscores how understanding and utilizing spreads can enhance investment strategies and optimize portfolio returns.
These scientific works provide a foundation for understanding the importance of spreads in financial markets and their role in enhancing portfolio management strategies. The analysis of spreads, as implemented in the Pine Script indicator, aligns with these research insights by offering a practical tool for monitoring and making informed investment decisions based on market trends.
Tether Ratio ChannelTether Ratio Channel is an on-chain metric that tracks the ebb & flow of the ratio of BTC market cap / stablecoin market cap.
This ratio is relevant to traders, as it tends to lead total crypto market cap's short to medium term trend, and has for many years.
The ratio's most straightforwards visualization may be Stablecoin Supply Oscillator , a legacy on-chain metric that captures the ratio but isn't useful on its own as a trading tool.
Tether Ratio Channel builds on top of Stablecoin Supply Oscillator, to create a new metric that's:
Signal-generating , with clear entry & exit signals
Unambiguous , so use is mechanical
Optimized , with the intent to generate signals as close as possible to BTC local tops & bottoms
Normalized across its history , so each signal has a rich uniform history & context
METRIC CONSTRUCTION
Tether Ratio Channel is a higher timeframe RSI of Stablecoin Supply Oscillator, bound inside a bollinger band channel, normalized and smoothed for optimal signal clarity.
Instead of chart price as the source, the metric uses a proxy for stablecoin market cap:
(USDT + USDC + DAI) divided by BTC mkt cap
But it's named for Tether specifically, because USDT just completely dominates the asset class.
Default settings are very close to the on-chain metric original, but not identical. Settings are adjustable in the metric inputs.
VERTICAL LOCATION IN THE CHANNEL
The lower the yellow print is on the metric's Y-axis, the more upside potential total crypto market cap typically has.
The higher the yellow print is on the metric's Y-axis, the more downside risk most crypto assets typically have.
SWING TRADE SIGNALS
Tether Ratio Channel is signal-generating, a simple cross of the metric (the yellow line) and its weighted moving average (the white line) is the signal.
A bullish cross below the green horizontal target is a high conviction buy signal
A bullish cross above the green target is a lower conviction buy signal, but historically still tends to make for a good entry
Any bearish cross is typically a good time to take profits
Any bearish cross above 55 (on the metric's Y axis) tends to coincide with BTC local tops
Buy signals are visualized with a green vertical, and a background fill that persists until the next sell signal
High conviction buy signals (below the green line) also print an arrow, if enabled.
Background fills and arrow prints will only appear if the chart timeframe is equal to or lower than the 8H chart. (Or whatever the metric's timeframe input is set to, if the user changes default settings).
Economic Policy Uncertainty StrategyThis Pine Script strategy is designed to make trading decisions based on the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index for the United States (USEPUINDXD) using a Simple Moving Average (SMA) and a dynamic threshold. The strategy identifies opportunities by entering long positions when the SMA of the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index crosses above a user-defined threshold. An exit is triggered after a set number of bars have passed since the trade was opened. Additionally, the background is highlighted in green when a position is open to visually indicate active trades.
This strategy is intended to be used in portfolio management and trading systems where economic policy uncertainty plays a critical role in decision-making. The index provides insight into macroeconomic conditions, which can affect asset prices and investment returns.
The Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) Index is a significant metric used to gauge uncertainty related to economic policies in the United States. This index reflects the frequency of newspaper articles discussing economic uncertainty, government policies, and their potential impact on the economy. It has become a popular indicator for both academics and practitioners to analyze the effects of policy uncertainty on various economic and financial outcomes.
Importance of the EPU Index for Portfolio Decisions:
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Investment Decisions:
Research by Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2016) introduced the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index and explored how increased uncertainty leads to delays in investment and hiring decisions. Their study shows that heightened uncertainty, as captured by the EPU index, is associated with a contraction in economic activity and lower stock market returns. Investors tend to shift their portfolios towards safer assets during periods of high policy uncertainty .
Impact on Asset Prices:
Gulen and Ion (2016) demonstrated that policy uncertainty adversely affects corporate investment, leading to lower stock market returns. The study emphasized that firms reduce investment during periods of high policy uncertainty, which can significantly impact the pricing of risky assets. Consequently, portfolio managers need to account for policy uncertainty when making asset allocation decisions .
Global Implications:
Policy uncertainty is not only a domestic issue. Brogaard and Detzel (2015) found that U.S. economic policy uncertainty has significant spillover effects on global financial markets, affecting equity returns, bond yields, and foreign exchange rates. This suggests that global investors should incorporate U.S. policy uncertainty into their risk management strategies .
These studies underscore the importance of the Economic Policy Uncertainty Index as a tool for understanding macroeconomic risks and making informed portfolio management decisions. Strategies that incorporate the EPU index, such as the one described above, can help investors navigate periods of uncertainty by adjusting their exposure to different asset classes based on economic conditions.
Proxy Financial Stress Index StrategyThis strategy is based on a Proxy Financial Stress Index constructed using several key financial indicators. The strategy goes long when the financial stress index crosses below a user-defined threshold, signaling a potential reduction in market stress. Once a position is opened, it is held for a predetermined number of bars (periods), after which it is automatically closed.
The financial stress index is composed of several normalized indicators, each representing different market aspects:
VIX - Market volatility.
US 10-Year Treasury Yield - Bond market.
Dollar Index (DXY) - Currency market.
S&P 500 Index - Stock market.
EUR/USD - Currency exchange rate.
High-Yield Corporate Bond ETF (HYG) - Corporate bond market.
Each component is normalized using a Z-score (based on the user-defined moving average and standard deviation lengths) and weighted according to user inputs. The aggregated index reflects overall market stress.
The strategy enters a long position when the stress index crosses below a specified threshold from above, indicating reduced financial stress. The position is held for a defined holding period before being closed automatically.
Scientific References:
The concept of a financial stress index is derived from research that combines multiple financial variables to measure systemic risks in the financial markets. Key research includes:
The Financial Stress Index developed by various Federal Reserve banks, including the Cleveland Financial Stress Index (CFSI)
Bank of America Merrill Lynch Option Volatility Estimate (MOVE) Index as a measure of interest rate volatility, which correlates with financial stress
These indices are widely used in economic research to gauge financial instability and help in policy decisions. They track real-time fluctuations in various markets and are often used to anticipate economic downturns or periods of high financial risk.
